研究智能氣體檢測系統(tǒng)外文翻譯

1、<p><b>　　中文2816字</b></p><p>　　研究智能氣體檢測系統(tǒng)</p><p>　　摘要 根據(jù)統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)，中國近年來，煤氣泄漏時有發(fā)生，對人身安全造成很大威脅，因此氣體檢測和監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)是需要作為一個安全裝置在家庭應用。在本文中，智能氣體檢測系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計。該檢測儀采用單片機AT89S52為控制核心，采用催化燃燒式氣體傳感器元件MC112作為氣體

2、傳感器（CH4）檢測。該系統(tǒng)的主要功能如下：濃度的實時監(jiān)測CH4和顯示的濃度值；發(fā)射聲光報警信號，如果CH4濃度值超過報警值通過鍵盤面板輸入；串行通信口發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)地面以上主機。軟件調(diào)試和硬件仿真上述系統(tǒng)也實現(xiàn)在同一時間。</p><p>　　關(guān)鍵詞：數(shù)據(jù)采集，傳感器,串行通信,單片機。</p><p>　　在本文中，檢測系統(tǒng)采用單片機作為控制計算機；整個系統(tǒng)的示意圖如圖1所示。選擇理由：單片

3、機作為控制核心，它具有體積小尺寸，高可靠性，低價格，使其成為行業(yè)使用非常合適智能儀表、實時控制領(lǐng)域。</p><p>　　系統(tǒng)的操作界面如圖2所示。在右上角號碼顯示默認的或用戶定義的氣體濃度值，在左上角顯示檢測到的氣體濃度值。報警燈的設(shè)置。所有的功能通過設(shè)置控制面板上的按鍵控制，包括電源鍵，復位鍵，數(shù)據(jù)采集的關(guān)鍵。其他鍵包括十個數(shù)字鍵，調(diào)整值鍵和回車鍵來改變閾值。</p><p><

4、b>　　基本操作程序如下：</b></p><p>　　首先按下電源鍵，系統(tǒng)初始化機數(shù)據(jù)采集的關(guān)鍵，LED在右上角顯示的閾值1；用戶可以定制閾值調(diào)整值的按鍵和數(shù)字鍵，然后按回車鍵確認更改。系統(tǒng)開始檢測氣體濃度和上顯示這些參左葉面積，同時實時數(shù)據(jù)的傳輸，通過RS-485總線主機地面上的。</p><p>　　3氣體檢測系統(tǒng)的硬件系統(tǒng)設(shè)計</p><p&g

5、t;　　主要包括主控單元系統(tǒng)的硬件結(jié)構(gòu)，傳感器和信號放大電路，A/D轉(zhuǎn)換模塊，聲光報警電路，鍵盤顯示模塊，串口通信模塊。</p><p><b>　　3.1主控單元</b></p><p>　　具有集成度高,體積小,價格低，單片機已廣泛應用于工業(yè)過程中廣泛應用包括控制，數(shù)據(jù)采集，機電一體化，智能儀表，家用電器和網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)，以及顯著提高的程度技術(shù)和自動化。</p&g

6、t;<p>　　考慮在芯片選擇兩個因素，一是抗干擾的能力，提高單片機應用系統(tǒng)的干擾，</p><p>　　圖2. 系統(tǒng)運行界面圖</p><p>　　所以單片機必須有較高的外界干擾；二是單片機的性能價格比。考慮到上述因素，我們采用了Atmel公司的AT89S52作為主控單元，和主控電路的最終方案包括AT89S52單片機，定時器和復位電路[ 8,9 ]。如圖3所示。</p

7、><p><b>　　圖3. 主控制單元</b></p><p>　　3.2傳感器和信號放大電路</p><p>　　3.2.1傳感器的選擇</p><p>　　在氣體檢測系統(tǒng)設(shè)計的一個關(guān)鍵問題是如何選擇的氣體傳感器。常見的氣體傳感器的半導體金屬氧化物如氧化錫，鋅coxide，鈦氧化物和鋁氧化物。遇到的問題與這些傳感器缺乏靈

8、活性，可憐響應時間和在升高的溫度下操作[ 10 ]。甲烷檢測新方法基于紅外技術(shù)是近年來提出的，但它仍然是在進步和很多工作之前應該可以應用于解決實際工程問題[ 11 ]。</p><p>　　本系統(tǒng)采用催化燃燒式氣敏元件MC112開發(fā)海星集團來測量氣體（CH4）的濃度。圖4顯示了外面觀和MC112內(nèi)部電路，表1列出了主要技術(shù)參數(shù)MC112。MC112氣體檢測器利用催化燃燒原理的兩個臂；橋是由測量與補償元件對。當它被

9、暴露可燃氣體，測量元件電阻增大，輸出通過測量電橋電壓參數(shù)，參數(shù)的電壓成正比的氣體濃度值。補償元件的工作溫度補償和參考。對MC112主要功能包括可重復性好，工作穩(wěn)定，可靠，線性輸出電壓，和快速的反應。煤礦安全規(guī)程表示，如果甲烷氣體濃度超過1%，安全系統(tǒng)應警報，如果瓦斯?jié)舛瘸^2%，所有的人都必須立刻疏散。自檢測低濃度甲烷MC112范圍為0% - 2%。</p><p><b>　　圖4. 外觀</b

10、></p><p>　　3.2.2信號放大電路</p><p>　　要放大微弱電信號的檢測采用MC112（1%氣體濃度波動將導致16MV電壓變化）。采用扭矩傳感器系統(tǒng)廣告公司開發(fā)的高性能的儀表放大器。它有優(yōu)點：（1）單電源和12V輸出（2）易于修改信號增益雖然外部電阻器，它將作為無外部單位增益電阻和信號增益可達1000與一個外部電阻；（3）低功耗消耗，大規(guī)模的操作電壓，線性度好，熱穩(wěn)

11、定性好，高可靠性。信號放大器電路原理圖如圖5所示。</p><p>　　圖5. 信號放大電路</p><p>　　3.3的A / D轉(zhuǎn)換器模塊</p><p>　　如圖6所示，該模塊由多路CD4051，采樣保持器lf389，A / D轉(zhuǎn)換器AD574A [ 12 ]和并行I/O芯片8255A作為核心的一部分，AD574A是一個12位的逐次逼近A/D轉(zhuǎn)換器芯片三的狀態(tài)

12、緩沖區(qū)，其轉(zhuǎn)換時間約為25μS. AD574A能夠直接連接到單片沒有額外的接口邏輯電路，內(nèi)置高精度的參考功率電源和時鐘電路，無需外部時鐘源AD574A能夠正常運行參考電源。</p><p>　　圖6. A/D轉(zhuǎn)換器模塊</p><p><b>　　3.4其他模塊</b></p><p>　　3.4.1數(shù)字顯示模塊</p><

13、p>　　傳統(tǒng)的液晶顯示模塊是不適合在這個系統(tǒng)中由于工作環(huán)境主要是在黑暗的礦井隧道深。LED軟燈應選擇。它是在煤礦的特點為不利的情況下適用防潮，卓越的溫度特性和長距離的視覺效果。在本系統(tǒng)，采用6位LED動態(tài)顯示CH4氣體濃度值，與段端口和位端口與PA口和PB端口連接8155（1）分別。</p><p>　　3.4.2鍵盤輸入模塊</p><p>　　在鍵盤輸入模塊，我們安排了13個鍵，

14、包括10個數(shù)字鍵和“數(shù)據(jù)收集”鍵，“進入”鍵，“復位”鍵。采用相反的方向連接的方法，PB口和8155 PC端口（2）連接到鍵盤的行和列電路電路分別。</p><p>　　3.4.3串行通信和聲光報警單元</p><p>　　串行通信模塊，信號控制器發(fā)送到主機計算機上通過RS-485，和MAX485是用于轉(zhuǎn)換電壓。RS-485是多點雙向半雙工通信基于單平衡線電路具有高噪聲抑制鏈接，傳輸速率高

15、，傳輸距離長、寬共模范圍，其最大傳輸率達到10Mbps，電纜的最大距離達到1200 [ 13,14 ]。P21和P10 AT89S52將聲光報警單元控制時甲烷氣體濃度的檢測值超過設(shè)定值。</p><p><b>　　4控制系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計</b></p><p>　　軟件控制系統(tǒng)包括系統(tǒng)初始化的主要功能，閾值設(shè)定，甲烷氣體濃度數(shù)據(jù)采集和顯示，串行通信等。為了實現(xiàn)上述功能，

16、我們開發(fā)了串行程序采用51系列單片機匯編程序語言包括主程序，鍵盤掃描程序，A/D轉(zhuǎn)換程序，報警程序，串口通訊程序，數(shù)據(jù)顯示程序，系統(tǒng)報警診斷程序，雙字節(jié)乘法程序，三字節(jié)二進制程序看狗程序。</p><p>　　該系統(tǒng)是由許多模塊，由于有限的空間，我們介紹主程序。主程序初始化單片機寄存器，I / O端口，然后掃描鍵盤看數(shù)據(jù)采集鍵被按下，如果沒有，繼續(xù)掃描鍵盤按鍵直到數(shù)據(jù)收集。當收集鍵被按下，默認的閾值1顯示面板上，

17、如果用戶想復位閾值價值，只是按調(diào)整值設(shè)置一個新值，然后按回車鍵完成這一步。當按下Enter鍵，系統(tǒng)開始數(shù)據(jù)采集的運行和A / D轉(zhuǎn)換，然后將轉(zhuǎn)換后的數(shù)據(jù)為二進制格式調(diào)用一個子程序的雙字節(jié)乘法。我們需要三個存儲單元存儲這些數(shù)據(jù)是因為他們24位二進制數(shù)據(jù)格式。接下來，系統(tǒng)會將這些二進制格式的數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)換成二進制編碼的十進制格式，通過調(diào)用一個子程序三字節(jié)的二進制編碼的十進制。在最后一步中，值與預先設(shè)定的比較決定是否應發(fā)出報警信號的閾值。在這期間，

18、這些數(shù)據(jù)將被發(fā)送到上位機通過RS-485串行地通信單元。然而，系統(tǒng)會發(fā)送一個正脈沖復位看門狗定時器每1.6秒。本系統(tǒng)采用單片機的晶振頻率為12MHz，與定時器/計數(shù)器，模式1的工作（16位定時器/計數(shù)器），其最大時間間隔約為66ms，所以系統(tǒng)會發(fā)送一個信號到喂狗看門狗電路各66ms。</p><p><b>　　5個結(jié)論</b></p><p>　　在這項研究中，一個

19、智能氣體檢測系統(tǒng)。它可以用于實時甲烷氣體濃度監(jiān)測。測量從零到百分之2本系統(tǒng)的范圍內(nèi)，傳感器的靈敏度達到百分之0.01。它具有速度快、高性能的12位A / D轉(zhuǎn)換器，工作環(huán)境溫度范圍從20℃～+ 70℃。這仍然系統(tǒng)具有可靠性高，操作方便，性能價格比高。在本文中，總規(guī)劃軟件和氣體檢測系統(tǒng)的硬件設(shè)計提出了利用Proteus，測試硬件電路，采用KEIL測試組裝語言源程序，仿真試驗結(jié)果表明該系統(tǒng)具有較高的精度，快速響應是可行的。</p>

20、;<p><b>　　參考文獻(略)</b></p><p><b>　　外文原文</b></p><p>　　Research of Intelligent Gas Detecting System</p><p>　　Abstract. According to statistic data of Chi

21、na in recent years,Gas leakage occurs, Pose a great threat to the personal safety. So the gas detection</p><p>　　And monitoring system is required as a safety device applied in the family. In this paper, an

22、intelligent gas detecting system is designed. This detection instrument adopts SCM AT89S52 as its control hardcore and uses catalytic combustion type gas sensor element MC112 as the sensor for gas (CH4) detecting.The mai

23、n functions of this system are as follows: monitoring the real-time concentration</p><p>　　of CH4 and displaying the concentration value; emitting sound and</p><p>　　light alarm signals if the C

24、H4 concentration value is beyond the alarm value</p><p>　　inputted by keyboard panel; using serial communication port to transmit data to</p><p>　　the host computer above ground. The software de

25、bugging and hardware simulating</p><p>　　of the system above are also implemented at the same time.</p><p>　　Keywords: Data collection, Sensor, Serial communication, SCM.</p><p>　　

26、detecting system in this paper adopts single-chip microcomputer as control computer;</p><p>　　the overall schematic diagram of system is shown in Figure 1. The reason for selecting</p><p>　　sing

27、le-chip microcomputer as a control core is that it possesses advantages of small</p><p>　　size, high reliability, low price which made it very suitable to be used in industries of</p><p>　　intel

28、ligent instrument and real time control .</p><p>　　The operating interface of system is shown in Figure 2. Number at upper right corner</p><p>　　shows the default or user-defined gas concentrati

29、on value, number at upper left corner</p><p>　　shows detected gas concentration value. One alarm lamp is equipped. All functions are</p><p>　　controlled by keys arranged on the control panel, in

30、cluding POWER key, RESET key,</p><p>　　DATA COLLECTION key. Other keys including ten number keys, ADJUST VALUE</p><p>　　key and ENTER key are used to change threshold values.</p><p>

31、;　　Basic operating procedures are as follows:</p><p>　　Firstly press POWER key, the system initialized.</p><p>　　Press DATA COLLECTION key, LED at upper right corner displays the threshold</p

32、><p>　　value 1.00;</p><p>　　User can customized threshold value by press ADJUST VALUE key and ten</p><p>　　number keys, then press ENTER to confirm the change.</p><p>　　Sy

33、stem starts to detect gas concentration and display these parameters on upper</p><p>　　left LED area, at meantime transmit real-time data by RS-485 to host computer</p><p>　　above ground.</p&

34、gt;<p>　　3 Hardware System Design of Gas Detection System</p><p>　　The Hardware architecture of system mainly including main control unit, sensors and</p><p>　　signal amplifier circuit, A

35、/D converter module, sound-light alarming circuit, keyboard</p><p>　　and display module, serial-communication module.</p><p>　　3.1 Main Control Unit</p><p>　　Featured by high integr

36、ation level, small size and low prices, Single chip microcomputer</p><p>　　has been widely used in a broad range of industrial applications including process</p><p>　　controlling, data collectio

37、n, electromechanical integration, intelligent instrument,</p><p>　　household appliances and network technology, and significantly improved the degree</p><p>　　of technology and automation.</p

38、><p>　　Two factors are taken into account here in chip selecting, first one is anti-interference</p><p>　　ability, increase the interferences in SCM application systems, so the SCM must have highre

39、sistance to outside interference; second one is the performance-price ratio of the SCM.Considering the aforementioned factors, we adopted the AT89S52 developed by ATMELas main control unit, and the final scheme of main c

40、ontrol circuit consists of</p><p>　　AT89S52, timer and reset circuit [8,9]. As shown in figure 3.3.2.1 Sensor Selection</p><p>　　A crucial issue in gas detecting system design is how to select g

41、as sensors. Common gassensors are metal oxide semiconductor such as tin oxide, zin coxide, titanium oxide andaluminum oxide. Problems encountered with these sensors are lack of flexibility, poor response times and operat

42、ed at elevated temperature [10]. A new method of ch4 detecting based on infrared techniques was presented in recent years, but it is still in progress and much work should be done before it can be applied to solve t</

43、p><p>　　This system adopted catalytic combustion type gas sensor MC112 developed by SUNSTAR group to measure the gas (ch4) concentration. Figure 4 shows the outside view and internal circuit of MC112, table 1 l

44、ists the main technology parameters of MC112. MC112 gas detector exploits catalytic combustion principle; the two-arm bridge is comprised of measure and compensate components pairs. When it is exposed to combustible gase

45、s, measure components resistance RS increased and transmit output voltage para</p><p>　　Fig. 4. Outside view </p><p>　　3.2.2 Signal Amplifier Circuit</p><p>　　It is necessary to amp

46、lify the weak electrical signal detected by MC112 (1% gas concentration fluctuation will result in 16mv voltage change). The system adopted AD623 developed by AD Company as the high performance instrumentation amplifier.

47、 It has many merits: (1) output with 3-12v single supply (2) easy to modify</p><p>　　signal gain though an external resistor, it will be act as a unit gain without external resistor and signal gain can reac

48、h to 1000 with an external resistor; (3)low power consumption, large-scale operation voltage, good linearity, good thermal stability and</p><p>　　high reliability. The schematic diagram of signal amplifier c

49、ircuit is shown in figure 5.</p><p>　　3.3 A/D Converter Module</p><p>　　As shown in Figure 6, this module consists of multiplexer CD4051, sampling holder LF389, A/D converter AD574A[12] and para

50、llel I/O chip 8255A. As a core part, AD574A is a 12-bit successive-approximation A/D converter chip with three-state buffer, its conversion time is about 25μs. AD574A can directly connected to AT89S52 without additional

51、interface logic circuit, with internal high accuracy reference power supply and clock circuit, AD574A can operate normally without external clock sourceand re</p><p>　　3.4 Other Modules</p><p>　

52、　3.4.1 Digital Display Module</p><p>　　Traditional LCD module is unsuitable in this system because the working environment mainly lies deep in dark coal mine tunnel. LED with soft light should be the alterna

53、tive. It is suitable for the adverse circumstances under coal mine features by damp-proof, excellence temperature characteristics and long distance visual effects. In this system, a 6-bit LED is adopted to dynamically di

54、splay the ch4 gas concentration value, with the segment port and bit port connected with PA port and PB port of </p><p>　　3.4.2 Keyboard Input Module</p><p>　　In keyboard input module, we arrang

55、ed 13 keys including 10 number keys and “Data collection” key, “Enter” key, “reset” key. Adopted opposite direction connect method, PB port and PC port of 8155(2) connected to keyboard’s row circuit and column circuit re

56、spectively.</p><p>　　3.4.3 Serial Communications and Sound-Light Alarming Units</p><p>　　The serial communications module is shown at the left part in Figure 9, signal of microcontroller is tran

57、smitted to host computer above ground by RS-485, and MAX485 is used to convert the voltage. RS-485 is a multi-point two-way half-duplex communication link based on single balanced-wire circuit featured by high noise supp

58、ression, high transfer rate, long distance transmission and Wide common-mode range, its maximum transfer rate reaches to 10Mbps, maximum cable distance reaches to 1200m[13,14</p><p>　　P21 and P10 of AT89S52

59、 will take control of sound-light alarming unit when the test value of CH4 gas concentration exceeds the preset value.</p><p>　　4 Software Design of Control System</p><p>　　The primary functions

60、 of the software control system including system initializing, threshold value setting, methane gas concentration data collecting and displaying, serial communications etc. To achieve the above functions, we developed se

61、rial programsusing 51 serials microcontroller assemble program language including main program, keyboard scanning program, A/D converter program, alarming program, serial communications program, data display program, sys

62、tem alarming diagnosis program, double-</p><p>　　timer every 1.6 sec. the Crystal Oscillator frequency of the SCM adopted in this system is 12MHZ, with timer/counter TO, working in mode 1(16bit timer/counter

63、), its maximal timing interval is about 66ms, so the system will send a feeding dog signal to</p><p>　　watch dog circuit every 66ms.</p><p>　　5 Conclusions</p><p>　　In this study, a

64、n intelligent gas detecting system is presented. It can be used to real-time monitoring the methane gas concentration . The measuring scope of this system range from zero to 2 percent, the sensitivity of the sensor reach

65、 to 0.01 percent. It is equipped with the quick speed and high performance 12-bit A/D converter, the operating environment temperature ranged from -20℃～+70℃. Still this system features with high reliability, easy to oper

66、ate, high performance-price ratio. In this p</p><p>　　References</p><p>　　1. Li, Y.H.: Analysis on relationship between economic growth and coal consumption. Economic Tribune 458, 52–53 (2009)&l

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