超聲測距系統(tǒng)設計外文資料翻譯

1、<p>　　附件1：外文資料翻譯譯文</p><p><b>　　超聲波測距儀</b></p><p>　　文件類型和數(shù)目：美國專利5442592 </p><p>　　摘要：提出了一種超聲波測距儀來抵消的影響溫度和濕度的變化，包括測量單元和參考資料。在每一個單位，重復的一系列脈沖的產生，每有一個重復率，直接關系到各自之間的距離，發(fā)射

2、機和接收機。脈沖提供給各自的主機，和比例的反產出是利用確定的距離被衡量的。 </p><p>　　出版日期： 1995年8月15日</p><p>　　主審查員：羅保.伊恩j. </p><p><b>　　一、背景發(fā)明</b></p><p>　　本發(fā)明涉及到儀器的測量距離，更特別是，這種儀器傳送超聲波兩點之間。 &l

3、t;/p><p>　　精密機床必須校準。在過去，這已經完成利用機械設備，如卡鉗，微米等。不過，使用這種裝置并不容易本身自動化技術。據(jù)了解，該兩點之間距離才能確定通過測量傳播時間的浪潮往返那些兩點。這樣一個類型的波是一種超聲波，或聲，海浪。當超聲波旅行兩點之間，距離兩個點之間可以衡量乘以過境的時間波由波速，在中期分開兩點。因此，這是一個對象本發(fā)明提供儀器利用超聲波準確測量兩點之間距離。 </p><

4、p>　　當中等兩個點之間的間距是被衡量的是空氣，聲速是取決于溫度和空氣相對濕度。因此，它是進一步對象的，現(xiàn)在的發(fā)明，提供儀器的類型所描述的是獨立于溫度和濕度的變化。 </p><p><b>　　二、綜述發(fā)明</b></p><p>　　前述的和額外的對象是達到了根據(jù)這些原則的這項發(fā)明提供距離測量儀器，其中包括一個參考的單位和測量單位。參考和測量單位是相同的，每

5、個包括一電發(fā)射機和接收機一電。間隔發(fā)射器和接收器的參考股是一個固定的參考距離，而間距之間的發(fā)射機和接收機的測量單位是距離來衡量。在每一個單位，發(fā)射機和接收機是再加上由一個反饋環(huán)路導致發(fā)射機產生的聲脈沖是由接收機和轉換成一個電脈沖這是然后反饋到發(fā)射機，使重復一系列脈沖的結果。重復率脈沖是成反比關系之間的距離發(fā)射器和接收器。在每一個單位，脈沖提供一個反。由于參考的距離是眾所周知，比例反產出是利用，以確定所期望的距離來衡量。由于這兩方面都是相

6、同的影響，溫度和濕度的變化，采取的比例罪狀，由此產生的測量變得麻木等變化。 </p><p><b>　　三、簡要說明圖紙</b></p><p>　　前述將更加明顯后，讀下列的說明，在與該繪圖并在其中單一數(shù)字schematically描繪儀器興建根據(jù)這些原則的這項發(fā)明。 </p><p><b>　　四、詳細說明</b>

7、</p><p>　　談到現(xiàn)在的繪圖，有結果表明，測量單位和10個參考單位12個，均加上一個利用的手段14 。測量單位包括1 10電發(fā)射機16日和1電接收機18 。變送器16包括壓電材料20夾心階層之間的對電極的22日和24日。同樣，接收機18個，包括壓電材料26夾心階層之間的對電極的28日和30日。作為眾所周知，采用電場整個電極22日和24日，強調的是，誘導，在壓電材料20 。如果該字段各有不同，如所申請的一個

8、電脈沖，聲波是32所產生的。為進一步眾所周知，當聲波影響到接收器18 ，這誘導應力，在壓電材料26 ，導致一種電信號，以產生全國電極28日和30日。雖然壓電傳感器已說明，其他電聲裝置，可利用，例如，靜電，駐極體或電磁類型。 </p><p>　　如表所示，電極28日和30日的接收18歲以下的耦合的投入一34放大器，其輸出耦合輸入一個探測器36 。探測器36是安排提供一個信號，脈沖前38時，輸出放大器34已經超過預

9、定的水平。脈沖前38 ，然后產生一個觸發(fā)脈沖，這是提供給脈沖發(fā)生器40 。在為了提高靈敏度，該系統(tǒng)，傳感器16和18歲以下的共振興奮。有相應的提供了一個連續(xù)波振蕩器42提供了一個連續(xù)振蕩信號在一個固定的頻率，最好是共振頻率的傳感器16和18 。這個振蕩信號是提供給調制器44 。要有效地激發(fā)發(fā)射機16 ，可取的做法是提供幾個周期的共振頻率信號，而不是一個單脈沖或單周期。因此，脈沖發(fā)生器40是安排，在回應的應用存在的一個觸發(fā)脈沖，提供一個控

10、制脈沖調制器44有一個時間的平等的時間，時間預定人數(shù)的周期振蕩信號從振蕩器42 。這個控制脈沖調制器的原因， 44個通過了“水管爆裂”的周期，以激發(fā)發(fā)射機16 。 </p><p>　　當電力是適用于所描述的電路，有足夠的噪音在輸入到放大器34 ，其輸出觸發(fā)脈沖發(fā)生器40至造成了一片叫好聲，振蕩周期，以提供整個電極22日和24日的發(fā)射器16 。變送器16因此產生聲波32條，其中影響到接收器18 。接收器18 ，然

11、后產生一個電脈沖，這是適用于輸入放大器的34 ，這再次觸發(fā)原因的脈沖發(fā)生器40 。這個周期重演，使重復一系列的觸發(fā)脈沖結果的輸出脈沖前38 。這脈沖列車是應用到46個柜位，以及向脈沖發(fā)生器40 。 </p><p>　　變送器16日和接收18歲以下的間隔，除了由距離的“ D ” ，它是理想的衡量。傳播時間的“ T ”為一聲波32往來變送器16日和接收18所給予的： = D的噸/視頻s </p>&l

12、t;p>　　凡v s是聲速在空氣中之間的發(fā)射機16日和接收18 。柜臺46措施重復率觸發(fā)脈沖，這是平等的1 /湯匙因此，重復率是平等的一至中五的S /四該聲速空氣中是一個功能的溫度和濕度的空氣，內容如下： ＃ ＃ ＃ ＃ equ1其中T是溫度， P是局部的壓力，水汽， H是該氣壓， γ瓦特和γ一頃的比例不斷的壓力，具體的熱不斷貨量具體的熱水汽和干燥的空氣，分別。因此，雖然重復率觸發(fā)脈沖測量非常準確地反46 ，聲速的影響，溫度和濕度

13、，使測量的距離d無法確定準確。 </p><p>　　根據(jù)這些原則的這項發(fā)明，參考單位提供的是12 。參考單位12是相同的建設為測量單位的10個，因此，包括一電發(fā)射機50個，其中包括壓電材料52夾心之間的一對電極的54和56 ，和一電接收機58 ，其中包括壓電材料60夾心階層之間的一對電極60,61,62和64 。再次，傳感器以外的其他類型壓電可以利用。變送器50和接收五十八頃間隔，除了已知的和固定的參考距離“博

14、士” 。電極60,61,62和64耦合到輸入的放大器66 ，其輸出是耦合的投入探測器68 。輸出探測器68是耦合的脈搏，前70產生觸發(fā)脈沖。觸發(fā)脈沖應用到脈沖發(fā)生器的72個控制調制器74通過掃射從連續(xù)波振蕩器76至變送器50 。觸發(fā)脈沖從脈沖前70也適用于反78 。 </p><p>　　最好是，所有的傳感器16 ， 18 ， 50和58具有相同的共振頻率。因此，振蕩器42和76都在運作，頻率和脈沖發(fā)電機40和第

15、72條提供平等的輸出脈沖寬度。 </p><p>　　在用法上，測量裝置10和參考資料股一十二頃在接近，使該聲速在這兩個單位是相同的。雖然留級率的脈沖在測量單位， 10和參考資料股十二頃每個溫度和濕度的依賴性，能證明的距離D來衡量。 其中T R是傳播時間超過距離博士在參考股12 。這種關系是獨立于雙方的溫度和濕度。 </p><p>　　因此，產出的柜臺46和78所提供的投入微處理器的90

16、個利用的手段14 。微處理器90是適當?shù)某绦蛱峁┝艘粋€輸出是成正比的比例，產出的柜臺46和78 ，這反過來又是成正比的重復率分別觸發(fā)脈沖列車的測量單位， 10和參考資料股12 。作為描述，這個比例是獨立的溫度和濕度，由于參考的距離，博士，是眾所周知的，提供了一個準確的代表性距離四，利用手段， 14日還包括一個顯示92這是耦合和控制的微處理器，使90一個經營者可以隨時確定的距離。</p><p>　　實驗表明，當之

17、間的距離發(fā)射和接收傳感器是太小了，思考的聲波在傳感器的表面有一個不小的作用，降低了測量精度。因此，最好是每換一雙分開，至少由某一個最小距離，最好是約四英寸。 </p><p>　　因此，已披露的改善儀器的測量距離，利用超聲波。而一個說明性的體現(xiàn)，本發(fā)明已披露者外，據(jù)了解，各種修改和適應所披露的體現(xiàn)，將是顯而易見的那些普通的技巧與藝術，這是打算把這個發(fā)明只限于由范圍所附的索賠。</p><p&g

18、t;　　附件2：外文原文（復印件）</p><p>　　Ultrasonic distance meter</p><p>　　Document Type and Number:United States Patent 5442592 Abstract:An ultrasonic distance meter cancels out the effects of temperature

19、and humidity variations by including a measuring unit and a reference unit. In each of the units, a repetitive series of pulses is generated, each having a repetition rate directly related to the respective distance betw

20、een an electroacoustic transmitter and an electroacoustic receiver. The pulse trains are provided to respective counters, and the ratio of the count</p><p>　　Publication Date:08/15/1995 </p><p>

21、;　　Primary Examiner:Lobo, Ian J.</p><p>　　BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION</p><p>　　This invention relates to apparatus for the measurement of distance and, more particularly, to such apparatus whic

22、h transmits ultrasonic waves between two points. </p><p>　　Precision machine tools must be calibrated. In the past, this has been accomplished utilizing mechanical devices such as calipers, micrometers, and

23、the like. However, the use of such devices does not readily lend itself to automation techniques. It is known that the distance between two points can be determined by measuring the propagation time of a wave travelling

24、between those two points. One such type of wave is an ultrasonic, or acoustic, wave. When an ultrasonic wave travels between two poi</p><p>　　When the medium between the two points whose spacing is being mea

25、sured is air, the sound velocity is dependent upon the temperature and humidity of the air. It is therefore a further object of the,present invention to provide apparatus of the type described which is independent of tem

26、perature and humidity variations. </p><p>　　SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION</p><p>　　The foregoing and additional objects are attained in accordance with the principles of this invention by providing

27、distance measuring apparatus which includes a reference unit and a measuring unit. The reference and measuring units are the same and each includes an electroacoustic transmitter and an electroacoustic receiver. The spac

28、ing between the transmitter and the receiver of the reference unit is a fixed reference distance, whereas the spacing between the transmitter and receiver of the mea</p><p>　　BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING

29、S</p><p>　　The foregoing will be more readily apparent upon reading the following description in conjunction with the drawing in which the single FIGURE schematically depicts apparatus constructed in accorda

30、nce with the principles of this invention. </p><p>　　DETAILED DESCRIPTION</p><p>　　Referring now to the drawing, there is shown a measuring unit 10 and a reference unit 12, both coupled to a ut

31、ilization means 14. The measuring unit 10 includes an electroacoustic transmitter 16 and an electroacoustic receiver 18. The transmitter 16 includes piezoelectric material 20 sandwiched between a pair of electrodes 22 an

32、d 24. Likewise, the receiver 18 includes piezoelectric material 26 sandwiched between a pair of electrodes 28 and 30. As is known, by applying an electric field across th</p><p>　　As shown, the electrodes 28

33、 and 30 of the receiver 18 are coupled to the input of an amplifier 34, whose output is coupled to the input of a detector 36. The detector 36 is arranged to provide a signal to the pulse former 38 when the output from t

34、he amplifier 34 exceeds a predetermined level. The pulse former 38 then generates a trigger pulse which is provided to the pulse generator 40. In order to enhance the sensitivity of the system, the transducers 16 and 18

35、are resonantly excited. There is </p><p>　　When electric power is applied to the described circuitry, there is sufficient noise at the input to the amplifier 34 that its output triggers the pulse generator 4

36、0 to cause a burst of oscillating cycles to be provided across the electrodes 22 and 24 of the transmitter 16. The transmitter 16 accordingly generates an acoustic wave 32 which impinges upon the receiver 18. The receive

37、r 18 then generates an electrical pulse which is applied to the input of the amplifier 34, which again causes trigge</p><p>　　The transmitter 16 and the receiver 18 are spaced apart by the distance "D&q

38、uot; which it is desired to measure. The propagation time "t" for an acoustic wave 32 travelling between the transmitter 16 and the receiver 18 is given by: t=D/V s where V s is the velocity of sound in the ai

39、r between the transmitter 16 and the receiver 18. The counter 46 measures the repetition rate of the trigger pulses, which is equal to 1/t. Therefore, the repetition rate is equal to V s /D. The velocity of sound in air&

40、lt;/p><p>　　In accordance with the principles of this invention, a reference unit 12 is provided. The reference unit 12 is of the same construction as the measuring unit 10 and therefore includes an electroacou

41、stic transmitter 50 which includes piezoelectric material 52 sandwiched between a pair of electrodes 54 and 56, and an electroacoustic receiver 58 which includes piezoelectric material 60 sandwiched between a pair of ele

42、ctrodes 62 and 64. Again, transducers other than the piezoelectric type can be uti</p><p>　　Preferably, all of the transducers 16, 18, 50 and 58 have the same resonant frequency. Therefore, the oscillators 4

43、2 and 76 both operate at that frequency and the pulse generators 40 and 72 provide equal width output pulses.</p><p>　　In usage, the measuring unit 10 and the reference unit 12 are in close proximity so that

44、 the sound velocity in both of the units is the same. Although the repetition rates of the pulses in the measuring unit 10 and the reference unit 12 are each temperature and humidity dependent, it can be shown that the d

45、istance D to be measured is related to the reference distance D R as follows: i D=D R (1/t R )/(1/t) where t R is the propagation time over the distance D R in the reference unit 12. This rela</p><p>　　Thus,

46、 the outputs of the counters 46 and 78 are provided as inputs to the microprocessor 90 in the utilization means 14. The microprocessor 90 is appropriately programmed to provide an output which is proportional to the rati

47、o of the outputs of the counters 46 and 78, which in turn are proportional to the repetition rates of the respective trigger pulse trains of the measuring unit 10 and the reference unit 12. As described, this ratio is in

48、dependent of temperature and humidity and, since the re</p><p>　　Experiments have shown that when the distance between the transmitting and receiving transducers is too small, reflections of the acoustic wav

49、e at the transducer surfaces has a not insignificant effect which degrades the measurement accuracy. Accordingly, it is preferred that each transducer pair be separated by at least a certain minimum distance, preferably