給排水專業(yè)畢業(yè)設計英文翻譯-- 醫(yī)院建筑給水排水

1、<p>　　畢業(yè)設計（論文）外文資料翻譯</p><p>　　系別： 城建系 </p><p>　　專業(yè)： 給水排水工程 </p><p>　　班級： </p><p>　　姓名：

2、 </p><p>　　學號： </p><p>　　外文出處： Wan Fang foreign languages </p><p><b>　　（用外文寫）</b></p><p>　　litera

3、ture datebase </p><p>　　附 件：1、外文原文；2、外文資料翻譯譯文。</p><p>　　注：請將該封面與附件裝訂成冊。</p><p>　　1、外文原文（復印件）</p><p>　　Supplying and draining waterin hospital constructi

4、on </p><p>　　With the fact that modern medicine science promptness develops,new technique , the new armamentarium are continuing without end , modernized medical treatment thereby consonant with that is buil

5、ding a hospital , are also are confronted with new design idea and new technology applying. Disregarding secondary hospital building function , what whose gets along environment, still , finclause the hospital builds equ

6、ipment and is equipped with system, the request is without exception higher and higher</p><p>　　一 hospital gives a sewerage</p><p>　　1) Modernized hospital equipment and equipment system content

7、 is numerous , the function is peculiar , the request is very high. Except demanding to swear to continue supplying with the use water according with quality level sufficiently, need more according to demand of different

8、 medical treatment instrument and different administrative or tehcnical office to water quality , water pressure , the water temperature, classify setting up water treatment system and be in progress to system to increa&

9、lt;/p><p>　　2) The hospital operating rooms , the delivery room operation the water hygiene, saliva washing hands by shower bath water , the dentistry dentistry chair ought to adopt the water purifying degassin

10、g. In the homeland few are large-scale , the high rank hospital centre supplies a room, the centre disinfecting has also adopted to purify the water disinfecting, now that swear to there be no dust , the sterility , to r

11、emove the pathopoiesia source , to avoid the blockage infecting , cutting down equ</p><p>　　3) Hospital preparation rooms preparation uses water to adopt distilled water, and sets up in making distilled wate

12、r system to have part pressure boost facilities. The handicraft responds to according to different hospital preparation handicraft but fixes concrete system distilled water, should satisfy demand of whose handicraft to w

13、ater quality , water yield , water pressure act in close coordination that the preparation handicraft reserves corresponding to drain-pipe and allocation chilled wat</p><p>　　4) Hospital operating rooms , de

14、livery rooms , baby rooms , supply rooms , medical treatment of the dermatological department wards, door emergency call, cures skill every administrative or tehcnical office and the request difference that the staff and

15、 worker logistics branch supplies to hot water need to set up hot water respectively supplying system more. Ordinary circumstances door emergency call, cures skill administrative or tehcnical office , centre supply a roo

16、m , the staff and worker log</p><p>　　5) Considers beautification to the environment , is inadvisable to adopt the steam boiled water stove , completely eradicates occurrence aroused the ward building pantry

17、 inner floor moistness , avoided interior wall mustiness phenomenon by leak or sparse steam water implement aerofluxus thereby. The hospital disregards size , boiled water supplies to should adopt automation volume or th

18、e electricity boiled water stove, a general disease area considers one , volume ascertains that according to us</p><p>　　6)Especially infecting the section ward every door emergency call administrative or te

19、hcnical office, every consulting room , the hand movement water curing a room , washing a basin should set up mistake chew , may adopt elbow style , knee style or dyadic switch of pedal. If using the dyadic switch of ped

20、al to must use the product guarding against leakage, the floor is to avoid using a place often damp , makes the patient , the medical personnel slip down , an accident happened. Operation waits </p><p>　　7)M

21、any administrative or tehcnical office, especially downstream pipelines such as pickling bath , the pool disinfecting , develop pool in administrative or tehcnical office such as checking the room , the control laborator

22、y , emitting section responds to of hospitals are adopt to be able to bear the rotten PVC2U draining off silent stock tube. </p><p>　　8) Pair of filth , waste water of all kinds must classify strictly accord

23、ing to the country in connection with the effluent standard , the field carrying out a pertinency with different treatment handicraft deals with and handles.</p><p>　　9) Uses a function to need since the mod

24、ern hospital needs to be satisfied with not only , wants to think that the interior outside environment is beautiful too at the same time. The building needs especially door emergency call, cures skill sometimes because

25、of medical treatment function , give the horizontal stroke draining away water , erect a tube arrange to lie scattered comparatively, more bright dew is in interior, warm the pipeline exchanging special field up in addit

26、ion sometimes , make</p><p>　　10) Exchangers forms choice. In the system the tradition hospital hot water is supplied, people adopt volume mainly dyadic exchanger. Have been to think that what be provided st

27、eam amounts and hot water supplies the adjustment amounts dispatching value between maximum value mainly , have diminished a steam boiler designing amounts , have decreased by boiler room Zhan field area , have saved one

28、 time investment. People demands but more highly, and more highly, especially the example discovering a</p><p>　　二 multilayer water supply system </p><p>　　At present, great majority cities muni

29、cipal administration pipe network pressure can maintain above 2 kilograms in the homeland , take place individual small town water pressure can reach 4 kilograms even. The pressure therefore, building the municipal admin

30、istration pipe network's to the same multilayer has been already sufficient , has been in a small town especially since but municipal administration pipe network water yield supplying water , water pressure fluctuati

31、on are bigger. Have severa</p><p>　　1) Direct water supply type is that pressure , direct water supply , sort making use of municipal administration pipe network directly apply to slightly high area of munic

32、ipal administration pipe network pressure or higher range of water works vicinity pressure inner. The shortcoming it is water yield , water pressure to be able to not ensure that. This water supply scheme economy functio

33、n is very good but, to less pipe network of scale , does not need any other equipment or measure.</p><p>　　2) Water box water supply types have led municipal administration pipe network water to roof water b

34、ox , discrepancy in elevation , gravity depending on a water box and using the water appliance have supplied water , have overcome water pressure water yield block of wood stability and then. Since but, secondary polluti

35、on, moreover, water box volume that the water box there exists in possibility is bigger,this way does not encourage therefore.</p><p>　　3) Water boxes , pipe networks ally self with a type when the ordinary

36、time water yield water pressure is sufficient , unnecessary water enters the roof water box when covering water supply , overpressure as with a net directly from municipal administration, think that the water box supplie

37、s water to the consumer by gravity automation when pressure or the water yield is insufficient. The main force who is that regular directness supplies water on physics structure stretches the top cut-over wate</p>

38、<p>　　4) Pressure jars supply water since insecure water box factor , reason why use the jar sealing off reliable pressure to replace, and the pressure jar does not need, high position lay down, attractive looks an

39、d structure not affecting a building bearing , go down well very much over the past few years. Pressure jar system requires that the water pump and autocontrol system have to fit but , feasible cost increases by to some

40、extent. However, in the late years whose market price already lets many </p><p>　　5) Two time of compression types can make do for to small-scale consumer ,if the building , the pressure jar are only systema

41、tic. The direction that the dwelling house spends at present to housing estate develops but, shows for the cluster arrangement that multilayer builds , concentrates stabilivolt mainly. The ability can not satisfy a reque

42、st with pressure jar volume , the water pump concentrates compression therefore having appeared give first place to, pressure jar stabilivolt (remove the s</p><p>　　2、外文資料翻譯譯文</p><p><b>　　

43、醫(yī)院建筑給水排水</b></p><p>　　隨著現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學科學的迅速發(fā)展,新技術、新醫(yī)療設備層出不窮,從而與之相符的現(xiàn)代化醫(yī)療建筑———醫(yī)院,也面臨著新的設計理念和新技術的運用。無論從醫(yī)院建筑物功能、其所處的環(huán)境,還是醫(yī)院建筑設備及裝備系統(tǒng),要求均愈來愈高。因為它不僅是保障日常工作生活的需要,而且與救治病人、促進康復、避免致殘、挽救生命緊密相關。作為給排水專業(yè)的設計不僅需要滿足醫(yī)院建筑中設備上不同功能

44、的要求,而且必須安全可靠。下面根據(jù)醫(yī)院建筑中有關給水、排水各系統(tǒng)設計,從社會不斷發(fā)展和超前的理念方面談幾點體會</p><p><b>　　一 醫(yī)院給排水系統(tǒng)</b></p><p>　　1) 現(xiàn)代化醫(yī)院的設備及裝備系統(tǒng)內(nèi)容繁多,功能特殊,要求很高。除了要求保證持續(xù)供給充分符合質量標準的用水外,更需要根據(jù)不同的醫(yī)療儀器以及不同科室對水質、水壓、水溫的要求,分門別類設置

45、水處理系統(tǒng)和對系統(tǒng)進行增減壓。 </p><p>　　2) 醫(yī)院的手術室、產(chǎn)房的手術洗手水、衛(wèi)生通過淋浴水、牙科的牙科椅的口水宜采用凈化消毒水。國內(nèi)一些大型的、級別高的醫(yī)院中心供應室,消毒中心也采用了凈化消毒水,既保證無塵、無菌,消除致病源,避免感染,又減少設備微細管道的阻塞。</p><p>　　3) 醫(yī)院制劑室的制劑用水采用蒸餾水,并在制蒸餾水系統(tǒng)中設有局部增壓設施。具體制蒸餾水工藝應

46、根據(jù)不同醫(yī)院制劑工藝而定,給排水專業(yè)應密切配合制劑工藝預留給排水管和配置相應的冷卻水循環(huán)系統(tǒng),滿足其工藝對水質、水量、水壓的要求。</p><p>　　4) 醫(yī)院手術室、產(chǎn)房、嬰兒室、供應室、皮膚科的醫(yī)療病房,門急診、醫(yī)技各科室和職工后勤部門對熱水供應的要求差異較大,需要分別設置熱水供應系統(tǒng)。一般情況門急診、醫(yī)技科室、中心供應室、職工后勤部門供應熱水為定時供水,供應時間比較一致。大部分醫(yī)院根據(jù)目前的財力,病房樓的

47、熱水供應基本為定時,而從長遠角度來看,應該是24 h 供應熱水。手術室、產(chǎn)房的手術洗手,衛(wèi)生通過的淋浴器應該為24 h 供應熱水,而且不能有任何間斷,熱水供應安全可靠,水溫基本控制在人的正常體溫37 ℃左右,故一般熱水供應宜單獨成為一個系統(tǒng),以確保供應熱水系統(tǒng)萬無一失。</p><p>　　5) 考慮到環(huán)境的美化,不宜采用蒸汽開水爐,從而杜絕蒸汽泄漏或疏水器排氣所引起病房樓的備餐間內(nèi)地面的潮濕,避免內(nèi)墻發(fā)霉現(xiàn)象的

48、發(fā)生。醫(yī)院不管大小,開水供應都應采用自動容積或電開水爐,一般一個病區(qū)考慮一臺,容積根據(jù)使用情況確定。一是便于護工管理;二是保證對病員的供應,同時改善病房內(nèi)部的環(huán)境。</p><p>　　6) 各門急診科室,尤其是傳染科病房各診室、治療室、洗滌盆應設非手動水咀,可采用肘式、膝式或腳踏式開關。如使用腳踏式開關一定要使用防滲漏的產(chǎn)品,以免使用處地面經(jīng)常潮濕,使病員、醫(yī)務人員滑倒,發(fā)生事故。手術室、產(chǎn)房手術等洗手應采用恒

49、溫混水閥,恒溫出水,以紅外線感應電磁閥控制方式為好。醫(yī)技科室的部分化驗室、實驗室有特殊要求,水咀應根據(jù)各科室功能的要求來確定其水咀的形式。</p><p>　　7) 醫(yī)院的許多科室,尤其是檢驗室、化驗室、放射科等科室中的酸洗池、消毒池、洗片池等下水管道應采用耐腐的PVC2U 排水塑料管。</p><p>　　8) 對各類污、廢水必須嚴格按國家有關排放標準分門別類,用不同的處理工藝進行針對性

50、地處置和處理。</p><p>　　9) 由于現(xiàn)代醫(yī)院不僅要滿足使用功能需要,同時還要考慮室內(nèi)外環(huán)境美觀。尤其是門急診、醫(yī)技樓往往由于醫(yī)療功能需要,給排水橫、立管布置較為散亂,較多的明露在室內(nèi),有時加之暖通專業(yè)的管道,使房間內(nèi)明露的管道過多,既不雅觀,又影響衛(wèi)生。這就要求在工程設計過程中,應充分利用不同的結構形式進行合理布置,根據(jù)功能需要盡量使各種管道隱蔽布置,在不影響使用的前提下,注意美觀得體。當然,這些需要建

51、筑結構專業(yè)密切配合和結構形式的合理。另外,隨著醫(yī)院建筑中設備及裝備系統(tǒng)增多,管道的數(shù)量大大增加,合理、綜合布置各系統(tǒng)在平面吊頂內(nèi)的管道則能降低建筑層高,減少投資。如在病房樓設計中,往往首層吊頂和地下室頂部為各專業(yè)管道的集合地,各專業(yè)有各專業(yè)的規(guī)范和要求,往往各自布置,其結果要么增加建筑層高,要么顧此失彼。為了克服這一弊端,一般應考慮將較大的風管布置在最上方,其下方為幾個專業(yè)布置支管的公用空間,再下方是布置給排水、動力、強、弱電各系統(tǒng)干管

52、。這樣布置比其他形式布置較為經(jīng)濟、實用。</p><p>　　10) 熱交換器形式的選擇。傳統(tǒng)的醫(yī)院熱水供應系統(tǒng)中,人們基本上采用容積式熱交換器。主要是考慮所提供蒸汽量與熱水供應最大值之間差值的調(diào)節(jié)量,減小了蒸汽鍋爐設計量,減少了鍋爐房占地面積,節(jié)約了一次性投資。然而現(xiàn)在人們對水質要求愈來愈高,尤其是生活熱水中發(fā)現(xiàn)軍團菌致病的實例,引起人們的高度重視。主要是因為在30 ℃～55 ℃水中最容易繁殖軍團菌,為此世界衛(wèi)

53、生組織(WHO) 推薦:“熱水應在60 ℃以上儲存,并至少在50 ℃以上循環(huán)。如某些使用者,需要將水龍頭水溫降至40 ℃或50 ℃左右,這時可以使用調(diào)溫混合閥來實現(xiàn)。為保證蓄水溫度不利于肺炎雙球菌的生長,該調(diào)節(jié)閥應設定在靠近關停點的地方”。這點對醫(yī)院尤為重要。因為住院的是有病的弱者,如在醫(yī)院內(nèi)發(fā)生軍團菌則不利于病員治療與康復,醫(yī)院責任重大。目前醫(yī)院內(nèi)尤其是一些條件較差的小醫(yī)院,包括部分區(qū)級醫(yī)院,不能24 h 供應熱水,并且容積式交換器內(nèi)

54、水溫是以梯形狀態(tài)分布,在熱交換器內(nèi)部很難使水溫保持在60 ℃左右。從而導致容積式熱交換器內(nèi)供應熱水系統(tǒng)管道中產(chǎn)生軍團菌,改變醫(yī)院使用熱交換器形式應是當務之急。采用半即熱式或即熱式熱交換器,使其熱水供應系統(tǒng)水</p><p><b>　　二 多層給水系統(tǒng)</b></p><p>　　目前，國內(nèi)大多數(shù)城市的市政管網(wǎng)壓力可以維持在2公斤以上，個別小城鎮(zhèn)的出水壓力甚至可以達到

55、4公斤。因此，對于一般的多層建筑市政管網(wǎng)的壓力已經(jīng)足夠了，但是由于市政管網(wǎng)的供水水量、水壓波動較大，尤其在小城鎮(zhèn)。為了克服這些缺點，多層給水系統(tǒng)的設計主要有以下幾種類型。</p><p>　　1）直接供水型 就是直接利用市政管網(wǎng)的壓力，直接供水，一般適用于市政管網(wǎng)壓</p><p>　　力稍高的地區(qū)或水廠附近壓力較高的范圍內(nèi)。缺點就是水量、水壓不能保證。但是，對于規(guī)模較小的管網(wǎng)這種供水方案

56、的經(jīng)濟性能很好，不需要任何其他設備或措施。</p><p>　　2）水箱供水型 將市政管網(wǎng)的水引至屋頂水箱，然后靠水箱與用水器具的高差，重力供水，克服了水壓水量的不穩(wěn)定性。但是，由于水箱可能存在的二次污染，而且，水箱體積較大，因此這種方式不提倡。</p><p>　　3）水箱、管網(wǎng)聯(lián)合型 平時水量水壓足夠時，直接由市政網(wǎng)供水，超壓時，多余水進入屋頂水箱，當壓力或水量不足時，水箱靠重力自動向

57、用戶供水。物理結構上就是正常的直接供水的主干管伸頂接入水箱，并由水箱設一出水管。該方案減小了水箱的體積，并使水不需要都進入水箱停留這一步驟，衛(wèi)生可靠性增加。但是問題就是如果長時間的穩(wěn)壓供水（現(xiàn)在的市政管網(wǎng)可以辦到的），水箱中的水的停留時間反而大大增加，更容易受污染。而且，所有使用水箱的系統(tǒng)中水箱都必須放在建筑的最高處，在某些場合會影響建筑的美觀，甚至建筑的結構設計。</p><p>　　4）氣壓罐供水 由于水箱的

58、不安全因素，所以用密封可靠的氣壓罐代替，而且，氣壓罐不需要高位擺放，不影響建筑美觀與結構承重，近幾年很受歡迎。但是氣壓罐系統(tǒng)需要水泵和自動控制系統(tǒng)得配合，使得成本有所增加。不過，近年其市場價格已經(jīng)讓很多用戶能夠選擇。氣壓罐系統(tǒng)的原理就是利用水泵將水加壓送進建筑內(nèi)部管網(wǎng)，當壓力過大時，水進入氣壓罐，達到一定壓力時，水泵停車或減速；當壓力小于規(guī)定值時，氣壓罐向外輸水并同時啟動水泵或加速（變頻水泵）。</p><p>

59、　　5）二次加壓型 對于，小規(guī)模的用戶，如單幢建筑，氣壓罐系統(tǒng)可以應付。但是，目前住宅向小區(qū)化的方向發(fā)展，主要表現(xiàn)為多層建筑的集群布置，集中穩(wěn)壓。以氣壓罐的容積能力不能滿足要求，所以出現(xiàn)了水泵集中加壓為主，氣壓罐穩(wěn)壓(消除系統(tǒng)水錘)為輔的方式。只是經(jīng)濟成本上升，也需要專人維護。另外，管網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)由于層數(shù)不多，屬于低壓管道，均分層直接接入用戶即可，較為簡單?！」艿啦牧弦缘蛪轰摴芎偷蛪篜PR塑料管為主?！澳瞧仆嬉鈨?，有什么用啊，連大學畢業(yè)證都成

60、費紙了，還拿初中畢業(yè)證嚇唬我，誰希罕！”劉冰兒想。但她看在老班苦口婆心的份上，還是給了她面子，來參加中考了。</p><p>　　這漫長的兩個小時怎么過？老班在考場外盯著他們這些差生呢，怕他們早早出去，影響了成績?！白魑囊欢ㄒ獙懲臧??！碑斔M來的時候，老班站在門外，向她發(fā)出討好的笑。想到這里，劉冰兒看了看作文題目：“陽光燦爛的日子”。她抬起頭，朝窗外望了望：陽光很純凈，很嫵媚，果然是個陽光燦爛的日子。</p

61、><p>　　劉冰兒不討厭這個題目，雖然她很討厭作文課。它仿佛觸動了她心底的一角，讓她聽到了冰層融化的聲音。</p><p>　　那一瞬間，劉冰兒做出了一個重大的決定，她要寫作文了。雖然進考場時，她曾賭氣地想，要做一個白先生，把老師氣死。但現(xiàn)在，她改變注意了。</p><p><b>　　一、相遇是個偶然</b></p><p&

62、gt;　　“曾經(jīng)，我的日子里充滿了陽光的味道。那兒流動著鮮花的芳香，彌漫著歡樂的氣息……劉冰兒就這樣開始了自己的開頭，從小，她的文筆就不錯，語文老師經(jīng)?？渌@讓她很自豪。</p><p>　　初三第一學期期末，我的成績有所進步，開家長會的時候，老師表揚了我，媽媽特高興?；氐郊遥职謰寢寧胰ワ埖瓿燥?說是對我的獎勵。再說，村里剛發(fā)了錢，他們高興，他們手里癢癢。自從我們村的土地被征用，自從我爸媽手里有了錢，我就發(fā)

63、現(xiàn)我爸不是我爸我媽不是我媽。</p><p>　　我爸再也不去找工作了，他開了個棋牌室，名譽上是棋牌室，其實就是召集村里的閑人賭博；我媽整天在鏡子前描眉畫眼，試圖把自己捯飭成一個美女。但再怎么捯飭，也掩蓋不了臉上的那些褶子。</p><p>　　吃飯的時候，我給爸爸說我想要電腦,他們很爽快的答應了。第二天就帶我去選電腦,第三天就買回來了,第四天就有人來安裝寬帶,就這樣我的生活加入了電腦!&

64、lt;/p><p>　　我陽光燦爛的日子來臨了。</p><p>　　可以上網(wǎng)了,我就天天呆在電腦前。聊天,看電影,玩游戲,成了我生活中不可缺少的。起初我有節(jié)制,會控制自己,玩到9點10點的不用爸媽催,那時候真的很乖啊。</p><p>　　那天，在去逛商場的路上，突然遇到了同年級的楊一一，我們乘坐同一輛公交車，下車時，他竟然要了我的**號，說要加我為好友，這讓我受寵若