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1、<p> 中國地質大學長城學院</p><p> 本科畢業(yè)設計外文資料翻譯</p><p> 系 別:工程技術系 </p><p> 專 業(yè):機械設計制造及其自動化</p><p> 姓 名: 孫明 </p><p> 學
2、 號: 05211519 </p><p> 2015年3月11日</p><p> 數控技術和裝備發(fā)展趨勢及對策</p><p> 裝備工業(yè)的技術水平和現代化程度決定著整個國民經濟的水平和現代化程度,數控技術及裝備是發(fā)展新興高新技術產業(yè)和尖端工業(yè)(如信息技術及其產業(yè)、生物技術及其產業(yè)、航空、航天等國防工業(yè)產業(yè))的使能技術和最基本的裝備。馬
3、克思曾經說過“各種經濟時代的區(qū)別,不在于生產什么,而在于怎樣生產,用什么勞動資料生產”。制造技術和裝備就是人類生產活動的最基本的生產資料,而數控技術又是當今先進制造技術和裝備最為核心的技術。當今世界各國制造業(yè)廣泛采用數控技術,以提高制造能力和水平,提高對動態(tài)多變市場的適應能力和競爭能力。此外,世界上各工業(yè)發(fā)達國家還將數控技術及數控裝備列為國家的戰(zhàn)略物資,不僅采取重大措施來發(fā)展自己的數控技術及其產業(yè),而且在“高精尖”數控關鍵技術和裝備方面
4、對我國實行封鎖和限制政策??傊罅Πl(fā)展以數控技術為核心的先進制造技術已成為世界各發(fā)達國家加速經濟發(fā)展、提高綜合國力和國家地位的途徑。 </p><p> 數控技術是用數字信息對機械運動和工作過程進行控制的技術,數控裝備是以數控技術為代表的新技術對傳統制造產業(yè)和新興制造業(yè)的滲透形成的機電一體化產品,即所謂的數字化裝備,其技術范圍覆蓋很多領域:(1)機械制造技術;(2)信息處理、加工、傳輸技術;(3)自
5、動控制技術;(4)伺服驅動技術;(5)傳感器技術;(6)軟件技術等。 </p><p> 1 數控技術的發(fā)展趨勢 </p><p> 數控技術的應用不但給傳統制造業(yè)帶來了革命性的變化,使制造業(yè)成為工業(yè)化的象征,而且隨著數控技術的不斷發(fā)展和應用領域的擴大,他對國計民生的一些重要行業(yè)(IT、汽車、輕工、醫(yī)療等)的發(fā)展起著越來越重要的作用,因為這些行業(yè)所需裝備的
6、數字化已是現代發(fā)展的大趨勢。從目前世界上數控技術及其裝備發(fā)展的趨勢來看,其主要研究熱點有以下幾個方面〔1~4〕。 </p><p> 1.1 高速、高精加工技術及裝備的新趨勢 </p><p> 效率、質量是先進制造技術的主體。高速、高精加工技術可極大地提高效率,提高產品的質量和檔次,縮短生產周期和提高市場競爭能力。為此日本先端技術研究會將其列為5大現代制
7、造技術之一,國際生產工程學會(CIRP)將其確定為21世紀的中心研究方向之一。 </p><p> 在轎車工業(yè)領域,年產30萬輛的生產節(jié)拍是40秒/輛,而且多品種加工是轎車裝備必須解決的重點問題之一;在航空和宇航工業(yè)領域,其加工的零部件多為薄壁和薄筋,剛度很差,材料為鋁或鋁合金,只有在高切削速度和切削力很小的情況下,才能對這些筋、壁進行加工。近來采用大型整體鋁合金坯料“掏空”的方法來制造機翼、機身等大
8、型零件來替代多個零件通過眾多的鉚釘、螺釘和其他聯結方式拼裝,使構件的強度、剛度和可靠性得到提高。這些都對加工裝備提出了高速、高精和高柔性的要求。</p><p> 從EMO2001展會情況來看,高速加工中心進給速度可達80m/min,甚至更高,空運行速度可達100m/min左右。目前世界上許多汽車廠,包括我國的上海通用汽車公司,已經采用以高速加工中心組成的生產線部分替代組合機床。美國CINCINNATI公司的H
9、yperMach機床進給速度最大達60m/min,快速為100m/min,加速度達2g,主軸轉速已達60 000r/min。加工一個薄壁飛機零件,只用30min,而同樣的零件在一般高速銑床加工需3h,在普通銑床加工需8h;德國DMG公司的雙主軸車床的主軸速度及加速度分別達120000r/mm和1g。 </p><p> 在加工精度方面,近10年來,普通級數控機床的加工精度已由10μm提高到5
10、μm,精密級加工中心則從3~5μm,提高到1~1.5μm,并且超精密加工精度已開始進入納米級(0.01μm)。 </p><p> 在可靠性方面,國外數控裝置的MTBF值已達6 000h以上,伺服系統的MTBF值達到30000h以上,表現出非常高的可靠性。 </p><p> 為了實現高速、高精加工,與之配套的功能部件如電主軸、直線電機得到了快速的發(fā)展,應
11、用領域進一步擴大。 </p><p> 1.2 五軸聯動加工和復合加工機床快速發(fā)展 </p><p> 采用5軸聯動對三維曲面零件的加工,可用刀具最佳幾何形狀進行切削,不僅光潔度高,而且效率也大幅度提高。一般認為,1臺5軸聯動機床的效率可以等于2臺3軸聯動機床,特別是使用立方氮化硼等超硬材料銑刀進行高速銑削淬硬鋼零件時,5軸聯動加工可比3軸聯動加工發(fā)揮更高
12、的效益。但過去因5軸聯動數控系統、主機結構復雜等原因,其價格要比3軸聯動數控機床高出數倍,加之編程技術難度較大,制約了5軸聯動機床的發(fā)展。 </p><p> 當前由于電主軸的出現,使得實現5軸聯動加工的復合主軸頭結構大為簡化,其制造難度和成本大幅度降低,數控系統的價格差距縮小。因此促進了復合主軸頭類型5軸聯動機床和復合加工機床(含5面加工機床)的發(fā)展。 </p><p&
13、gt; 在EMO2001展會上,新日本工機的5面加工機床采用復合主軸頭,可實現4個垂直平面的加工和任意角度的加工,使得5面加工和5軸加工可在同一臺機床上實現,還可實現傾斜面和倒錐孔的加工。德國DMG公司展出DMUVoution系列加工中心,可在一次裝夾下實現5面加工和5軸聯動加工,可由CNC系統控制或CAD/CAM直接或間接控制。 </p><p> 1.3 智能化、開放式、網絡化成為當代
14、數控系統發(fā)展的主要趨勢 </p><p> 21世紀的數控裝備將是具有一定智能化的系統,智能化的內容包括在數控系統中的各個方面:為追求加工效率和加工質量方面的智能化,如加工過程的自適應控制,工藝參數自動生成;為提高驅動性能及使用連接方便的智能化,如前饋控制、電機參數的自適應運算、自動識別負載自動選定模型、自整定等;簡化編程、簡化操作方面的智能化,如智能化的自動編程、智能化的人機界面等;還有智能診斷、智
15、能監(jiān)控方面的內容、方便系統的診斷及維修等。</p><p> 為解決傳統的數控系統封閉性和數控應用軟件的產業(yè)化生產存在的問題。目前許多國家對開放式數控系統進行研究,如美國的NGC(The Next Generation Work-Station/Machine Control)、歐共體的OSACA(Open System Architecture
16、60;for Control within Automation Systems)、日本的OSEC(Open System Environment for Controller),中國的ONC(Open Numerical Control System)等。數控系統開放化已經成為數控系統的未來之路。所謂開放式數控系統就是數控系統
17、的開發(fā)可以在統一的運行平臺上,面向機床廠家和最終用戶,通過改變、增加或剪裁結構對象(數控功能),形成系列化,并可方便地將用戶的特殊應用和技術訣竅集成到控制系統中,快速實現不同品種、不同檔次的開放式數控系統,形成具有鮮明個性的名牌產品。目前開放式數控系統的體系結構規(guī)范、通信規(guī)范、配置規(guī)范、運行平臺、數控系統功能庫以及數控系統功能軟件開發(fā)工具等是當前研究的核心。 </p><p> 網絡化數控裝備是近兩年
18、國際著名機床博覽會的一個新亮點。數控裝備的網絡化將極大地滿足生產線、制造系統、制造企業(yè)對信息集成的需求,也是實現新的制造模式如敏捷制造、虛擬企業(yè)、全球制造的基礎單元。國內外一些著名數控機床和數控系統制造公司都在近兩年推出了相關的新概念和樣機,如在EMO2001展中,日本山崎馬扎克(Mazes)公司展出的“CyberProduction Center”(智能生產控制中心,簡稱CPC);日本大隈(Okuma)機床公司展出“IT
19、160;plaza”(信息技術廣場,簡稱IT廣場);德國西門子(Siemens)公司展出的Open Manufacturing Environment(開放制造環(huán)境,簡稱OME)等,反映了數控機床加工向網絡化方向發(fā)展的趨勢。 </p><p> 1.4 重視新技術標準、規(guī)范的建立 </p><p> 1.4.1 關于數控系統設
20、計開發(fā)規(guī)范 </p><p> 如前所述,開放式數控系統有更好的通用性、柔性、適應性、擴展性,美國、歐共體和日本等國紛紛實施戰(zhàn)略發(fā)展計劃,并進行開放式體系結構數控系統規(guī)范(OMAC、OSACA、OSEC)的研究和制定,世界3個最大的經濟體在短期內進行了幾乎相同的科學計劃和規(guī)范的制定,預示了數控技術的一個新的變革時期的來臨。我國在2000年也開始進行中國的ONC數控系統的規(guī)范框架的研究和制定。
21、;</p><p> 1.4.2 關于數控標準 </p><p> 數控標準是制造業(yè)信息化發(fā)展的一種趨勢。數控技術誕生后的50年間的信息交換都是基于ISO6983標準,即采用G,M代碼描述如何(how)加工,其本質特征是面向加工過程,顯然,他已越來越不能滿足現代數控技術高速發(fā)展的需要。為此,國際上正在研究和制定一種新的CNC系統標準ISO14649(STEP-NC)
22、,其目的是提供一種不依賴于具體系統的中性機制,能夠描述產品整個生命周期內的統一數據模型,從而實現整個制造過程,乃至各個工業(yè)領域產品信息的標準化。</p><p> STEP-NC的出現可能是數控技術領域的一次革命,對于數控技術的發(fā)展乃至整個制造業(yè),將產生深遠的影響。首先,STEP-NC提出一種嶄新的制造理念,傳統的制造理念中,NC加工程序都集中在單個計算機上。而在新標準下,NC程序可以分散在互聯網上,這正是數控
23、技術開放式、網絡化發(fā)展的方向。其次,STEP-NC數控系統還可大大減少加工圖紙(約75%)、加工程序編制時間(約35%)和加工時間(約50%)。 </p><p> 目前,歐美國家非常重視STEP-NC的研究,歐洲發(fā)起了STEP-NC的IMS計劃(1999.1.1~2001.12.31)。參加這項計劃的有來自歐洲和日本的20個CAD/CAM/CAPP/CNC用戶、廠商和學術機構。美國的STEP
24、0;Tools公司是全球范圍內制造業(yè)數據交換軟件的開發(fā)者,他已經開發(fā)了用作數控機床加工信息交換的超級模型(Super Model),其目標是用統一的規(guī)范描述所有加工過程。目前這種新的數據交換格式已經在配備了SIEMENS、FIDIA以及歐洲OSACA-NC數控系統的原型樣機上進行了驗證。 </p><p> 我國數控技術起步于1958年,近50年的發(fā)展歷程大致可分為3個階段:第一階段從195
25、8年到1979年,即封閉式發(fā)展階段。在此階段,由于國外的技術封鎖和我國的基礎條件的限制,數控技術的發(fā)展較為緩慢。第二階段是在國家的“六五”、“七五”期間以及“八五”的前期,即引進技術,消化吸收,初步建立起國產化體系階段。在此階段,由于改革開放和國家的重視,以及研究開發(fā)環(huán)境和國際環(huán)境的改善,我國數控技術的研究、開發(fā)以及在產品的國產化方面都取得了長足的進步。第三階段是在國家的“八五”的后期和“九五”期間,即實施產業(yè)化的研究,進入市場競爭階段
26、。在此階段,我國國產數控裝備的產業(yè)化取得了實質性進步。在“九五”末期,國產數控機床的國內市場占有率達50%,配國產數控系統(普及型)也達到了10%。 </p><p> 縱觀我國數控技術近50年的發(fā)展歷程,特別是經過4個5年計劃的攻關,總體來看取得了以下成績。 </p><p> a. 奠定了數控技術發(fā)展的基礎,基本掌握了現代數控技術。我國現在已基本掌握了
27、從數控系統、伺服驅動、數控主機、專機及其配套件的基礎技術,其中大部分技術已具備進行商品化開發(fā)的基礎,部分技術已商品化、產業(yè)化。 </p><p> b. 初步形成了數控產業(yè)基地。在攻關成果和部分技術商品化的基礎上,建立了諸如華中數控、航天數控等具有批量生產能力的數控系統生產廠。蘭州電機廠、華中數控等一批伺服系統和伺服電機生產廠以及北京第一機床廠、濟南第一機床廠等若干數控主機生產廠。這些生產廠
28、基本形成了我國的數控產業(yè)基地。 </p><p> c. 建立了一支數控研究、開發(fā)、管理人才的基本隊伍。 </p><p> 雖然在數控技術的研究開發(fā)以及產業(yè)化方面取得了長足的進步,但我們也要清醒地認識到,我國高端數控技術的研究開發(fā),尤其是在產業(yè)化方面的技術水平現狀與我國的現實需求還有較大的差距。雖然從縱向看我國的發(fā)展速度很快,但橫向比(與國外對比)不僅技
29、術水平有差距,在某些方面發(fā)展速度也有差距,即一些高精尖的數控裝備的技術水平差距有擴大趨勢。 從國際上來看,對我國數控技術水平和產業(yè)化水平估計大致如下。</p><p> (a) 技術水平上,與國外先進水平大約落后10~15年,在高精尖技術方面則更大。 </p><p> (b). 產業(yè)化水平上,市場占有率低,品種覆蓋率小,還沒有形成規(guī)模
30、生產;功能部件專業(yè)化生產水平及成套能力較低;外觀質量相對差;可靠性不高,商品化程度不足;國產數控系統尚未建立自己的品牌效應,用戶信心不足。 </p><p> ?。╟). 可持續(xù)發(fā)展的能力上,對競爭前數控技術的研究開發(fā)、工程化能力較弱;數控技術應用領域拓展力度不強;相關標準規(guī)范的研究、制定滯后。 </p><p> 分析存在上述差距的主要原因有以下幾個方面。
31、 </p><p> ?。?). 認識方面。對國產數控產業(yè)進程艱巨性、復雜性和長期性的特點認識不足;對市場的不規(guī)范、國外的封鎖加扼殺、體制等困難估計不足;對我國數控技術應用水平及能力分析不夠。 </p><p> ?。?). 體系方面。從技術的角度關注數控產業(yè)化問題的時候多,從系統的、產業(yè)鏈的角度綜合考慮數控產業(yè)化問題的時候少;沒有建立完整的高質量的
32、配套體系、完善的培訓、服務網絡等支撐體系。 </p><p> ?。?). 機制方面。不良機制造成人才流失,又制約了技術及技術路線創(chuàng)新、產品創(chuàng)新,且制約了規(guī)劃的有效實施,往往規(guī)劃理想,實施困難。</p><p><b> 參考文獻 </b></p><p> 1. 盧秉恒.機械制造技術基礎{M}.北京
33、:機械工業(yè)出版社.1999 </p><p> 2. 全國數控培訓網絡天津分中心.數控機床{M}.北京:機械工業(yè)出版社.1998 </p><p> 3. 劉書華.數控機床與編程{M}.北京:機械工業(yè)出版社.2001 </p><p> 4. 李峻勤等.數控機床及其使用與維修{M}.北京:
34、國防工業(yè)出版社.2000 </p><p> 5. 顧崇銜.機械制造工藝學{M}.第三版.西安:陜西科學技術出版社.1990 </p><p> 6. 龐懷玉.機械制造工程學{M}.北京:機械工業(yè)出版社.1998 </p><p> 7. 劉鳳棣,孫魯.機械加工技術問題處理集錦{M}.北京:機械工業(yè)出
35、版社.1995 </p><p> 8. 馬振福.機械制造技術{M}.北京:機械工業(yè)出版社.2005 </p><p> 9. 韓秋實.機械制造技術基礎{M}.北京:機械工業(yè)出版社.2005 </p><p> 10. EDWARD G.HOFFMAN Jig and
36、160;Fixture Design{J}. New York: Published by Van Nostrand Reinhdd Company A Division of Litton Educational Publishing Inc.1980</p>&
37、lt;p> Numerical control technology and equipment tre-nds and countermeasures</p><p> Equipment, technology and modern industry determines
38、;the level of the whole national economy and the degree of modernization, the development of numerical control technology and
39、;equipment is high-tech industry and cutting-edge emerging industries (such as information technology and industry, biotechnology and indust
40、ry, aviation and aerospace national defense industry) enabling technology and the most basic equipment. Marx once said "the d
41、ifference between different economic era, is not what is p</p><p> CNC technology is the use of digital information on
42、60;the mechanical movement and work process control, CNC equipment, CNC technology is represented by the new technology on the
43、0;traditional manufacturing industries and the penetration of the formation of new manufacturing mechatronic products, the so-called digital
44、 equipment , covering many areas of the technology: (1) mechanical manufacturing technology; (2) information processing, processing and
45、 transmission technology; (3) automatic control tec</p><p> CNC technology not only to the traditional manufacturing industry has
46、160;brought revolutionary changes to the manufacturing sector as a symbol of industrialization, and with the continuous development of&
47、#160;numerical control technology and expansion of applicationfields, some of the important sectors (IT, automotive , light industry,&
48、#160;medical, etc.) plays an increasingly important role in development, as these industries for the digital equipment is the majo
49、r trend of modern development. CNC technolog</p><p> In the car industry, with an annual production of 300,000 beat is
50、60;40 seconds / vehicle and car equipment variety processing is one of the key must be addressed; in the aviation and
51、60;aerospace industry, and its processing for the thin-walled parts and more and thin muscle, stiffness is poor, the material
52、;is aluminum or aluminum alloy, high cutting speed and cutting force only in the case of a small can of these bars,
53、 wall processing. Recently, the whole aluminum alloy with large blank "hollowed ou</p><p> Judging from the EMO2001 exhib
54、ition, high-speed machining center feed rate of up to 80m/min, or even higher, and air speed of up to 100m/min so.
55、Currently many of the world automobile plant, including Shanghai General Motors, have adopted high-speed machining center part of
56、the production line of machine tool alternatives. CINCINNATI HyperMach U.S. company's largest machine tool feed speed up to 60
57、m/min, quick to 100m/min, acceleration up to 2g, spindle speed has reached 60 000r/min. Aircraft pa</p><p> In the proces
58、sing accuracy, the past 10 years, the general level of precision CNC machine tools increased from 10μm to 5μm, precision
59、;machining center from the 3 ~ 5μm, increased to 1 ~ 1.5μm, and ultra-precision machining has begun to enter the nano-sc
60、ale precision (0.01μm). </p><p> In terms of reliability, MTBF values abroad reached the numerical control device more t
61、han 6 000h, the servo system MTBF value reached more than 30000h, showing very high reliability. </p><p> In order&
62、#160;to achieve high-speed, high precision, a complete set of features such as spindle, linear motor has been the rapid devel
63、opment of application has been further expanded. 1.2 The five-axis machining and rapid development of machine tool </p&g
64、t;<p> 5-axis machining of three-dimensional surface, the best available tool for cutting geometry, not only finish high, but e
65、fficiency is greatly improved. Generally believed that 1 5-axis machine tool efficiency can be equal to 2 sets 3 axis ma
66、chine tools, particularly the use of cubic boron nitride and other superhard materials, high-speed milling of hardened steel cutte
67、r part, the 5-axis machining 3-axis than play a more effective process. But in the past due to 5-axis CNC system, t
68、he host structu</p><p> The current emergence of the spindle, making the realization of the complex 5-axis simultaneous machin
69、ing spindle head structure simplified, the manufacturing difficulty and costs significantly reduced, narrowing the gap between the pric
70、e of CNC system. So for the first type of complex 5-axis spindle machine tools and machine tool (including 5-face machin
71、ing) development. </p><p> In EMO2001 exhibition, new work in Japan 5-sided machining machine tool spindle with composite
72、0;head, can achieve four vertical plane of the processing and the processing of any angle, making the 5-sided machining and
73、160;5 axis machining can be implemented on the same machine, but can be achieved and the inverted cone inclined plane pr
74、ocessing. German DMG Company exhibits DMUVoution series of machining centers, can be achieved in a fixture under the 5-sided
75、machining and 5 axis machining, CNC contro</p><p> 1.3 intelligent, open, network development as the major contemporary trends
76、;in numerical control system </p><p> 21 numerical control equipment will be sure the intelligent system, intelligent content
77、 included in all aspects of the numerical control system: the pursuit of processing efficiency and processing quality of inte
78、lligence, such as the adaptive control process, process parameters automatically generation; to improve the performance and the use
79、0;of intelligent and convenient connection, such as feedforward control, adaptive computing motor parameters, automatic identification of lo
80、ad select models, </p><p> In order to solve the traditional CNC system and CNC applications closed the industrial produc
81、tion problems. Many countries now open CNC system of research, such as the United States NGC (The Next Generation Work-Statio
82、n/Machine Control), the EC OSACA (Open System Architecture for Control within Automation Systems), Japan OSEC (Open System Environment&
83、#160;for Controller), China, ONC (Open Numerical Control System) and so on. Open CNC system has become a numerical control sy
84、stem of the future of the </p><p> Network numerical control equipment is well-known international machine tool fair the
85、past two years, a new bright spot. NC network equipment will greatly satisfy the production lines, manufacturing systems, manufact
86、uring information integration needs of enterprises, but also achieve new manufacturing model, such as agile manufacturing, virtual ente
87、rprises, global manufacturing the base unit. Some well-known at home and abroad, and CNC CNC machine tools manufacturing companies
88、 have introduced in</p><p> 1.4 The emphasis on new technology standards, the establishment of norms </p><p> 1.4.1&
89、#160;Specifications on the design and development of numerical control system </p><p> As mentioned earlier, open CNC system&
90、#160;has better versatility, flexibility, adaptability, scalability, the United States, the European Community and Japan have to implement
91、160;the strategic development plan, and the open architecture CNC system specification (OMAC , OSACA, OSEC) research and development,
92、160;the world's three largest economies in the short term were almost the same as the scientific formulation of plans and
93、 specifications, indicating the numerical control technology to a new period of c</p><p> 1.4.2 on the NC Standard
94、</p><p> NC standard is the development of manufacturing information of a trend. CNC technology 50 years after the birth&
95、#160;of the exchange of information is based on ISO6983 standards, which adopts the G, M code describes how (how) processing,
96、 the essential characteristics of process-oriented, obviously, he can not meet modern CNC technology high-speed development. To this
97、60;end, the international research and development is a new CNC system standard ISO14649 (STEP-NC), the aim is to provide a
98、160;specific syste</p><p> STEP-NC may be the emergence of a revolution in the field of numerical control technology, the
99、;development of numerical control technology for the manufacturing sector as a whole, will have far-reaching impact. First, STEP-NC
100、0;manufacturing presents a new concept, the concept of traditional manufacturing, NC machining program are concentrated in a single
101、0;computer. Under the new standard, NC programs can be distributed on the Internet, which is open numerical control technology
102、0;and network develop</p><p> Currently, Europe and the United States attaches great importance to STEP-NC research, Europe has
103、0;launched the IMS STEP-NC program (1999.1.1 ~ 2001.12.31). To participate in this program are from Europe and Japan 20 CAD
104、160;/ CAM / CAPP / CNC users, vendors and academic institutions. U.S. STEP Tools is a global exchange of data within
105、0;the software development industry, he has developed for the exchange of information of CNC machining super model (Super Model),&
106、#160;whose goal is a unified specification d</p><p> 2pairs of numerical control technology and industrial development of the
107、basic estimate </p><p> CNC technology in China started in 1958, nearly 50 years of development can be divided into
108、 three phases: the first from 1958 to 1979, that closed development stage. At this stage, due to blockade of foreign
109、0;technology and our basic conditions, numerical control technology development is relatively slow. The second stage is in the sta
110、te's "June", "July" and during the "Eighth Five-Year Period", the introduction of technology, digestion and abs
111、orption, the initial set up phase of the localization</p><p> Throughout the past 50 years of CNC technology development
112、process, especially through four 5-year plan of research, on the whole achieved the following results. </p><p> a. laid&
113、#160;the foundation for the development of numerical control technology, the basic grasp of modern CNC technology. Our country is&
114、#160;now basically understood from the NC system, servo drives, CNC host, plane and fittings based technology, which already has
115、160;most of the technical basis for commercial development, part of the technology has been the commercialization and industrialization
116、. </p><p> b. formed a CNC industrial base. In the commercialization of research results and on the basis of s
117、ome technology, such as the establishment of central NC, with a production capacity of aerospace CNC CNC system manufacturer.
118、;Electrical plant in Lanzhou, NC Central and a number of servo systems and servo motor manufacturing plant and the Beijing
119、60;First Machine Tool Plant, Jinan first machine tool factory hosts a number of CNC manufacturing facility. These plants basically
120、 CNC industrial base of Ch</p><p> c. the establishment of a numerical research, development, management personnel of the
121、;basic team. </p><p> Although the numerical control technology research and development and industrialization has made great
122、;progress areas, but we should also clearly understand that China's high-end research and development of numerical control technolo
123、gy, particularly in the technology industry's situation and practical needs of China there is a large gap. Although the d
124、evelopment of vertical fast in China, but the horizontal ratio (compared with foreign) not only the difference between the le
125、vel of technology, t</p><p> (a). the technical level, with foreign advanced level of about 10 to 15 years behind in
126、 technology is more sophisticated. </p><p> (b). industry level, market share is low, species cover small, there is
127、;no scale production; specialized features of lower production levels and complete; appearance quality is relatively poor; reliability
128、is not high, lack of commercialization; CNC system made its own brand hasnot been established, the user's lack of confide
129、nce. </p><p> (c). the ability of sustainable development, to pre-competitive research and development of numerical control t
130、echnology, engineering weak; efforts to expand the field of numerical control technology is not strong; relevant standards research,
131、60;development lags behind. The gap of the main reasons there are the following. </p><p> (1). awareness. NC Indus
132、trial process of domestic difficulty, complexity and characteristics of long-term lack of knowledge; on the market are not standar
133、dized, plus kill the blockade of foreign, institutional and other difficult to underestimate; on the level of application of
134、CNC technology and capacity analysis is not enough. </p><p> (2). system aspects. From a technical point of concern
135、;when the CNC multi-industry issues, from the system, considering the perspective of industry chain NC Industrialization less time;
136、0;not established a complete matching system of high-quality, comprehensive training, services, network support system . </p><p&
137、gt; (3). mechanisms. Bad causes the brain drain, but also restricts the line of technology and technology innovation, product inn
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