三路由器的設(shè)置基礎(chǔ)

1、實驗三 路由器的設(shè)置基礎(chǔ),實驗?zāi)康?應(yīng)該掌握以下內(nèi)容:路由器的啟動過程完成路由器的初始參數(shù)設(shè)置在網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)備上進(jìn)入并辨識不同的命令模式在不同的用戶界面下應(yīng)用各種幫助和命令行編輯功能查看并確認(rèn)并于各網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)備的基本信息,Part.1 路由器的配置方法,,,,,硬件自檢定位并加載Cisco IOS映象文件定位并運行配置文件,Cisco設(shè)備的簡單啟動過程,可以通過多種途徑來配置第一次配置必須通過console控制端口,控制端

2、口,Aux 端口,端口,PC or Unix服務(wù)器,Web 或網(wǎng)絡(luò)管理服務(wù)器,,,虛擬終端,多種途徑的配置,,,,Telnet,TFTP,,,Part.2 Cisco IOS 基礎(chǔ),,,Cisco IOS 軟件提供多種網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)進(jìn)而支持各種網(wǎng)絡(luò)應(yīng)用，是思科網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)備的操作系統(tǒng),Cisco 互連網(wǎng)操作系統(tǒng)(IOS)軟件,,提供命令行界面在不同的網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)備上運行時有差別 在命令模式下可以鍵入或粘貼命令 鍵入命令后回車，設(shè)備即解

3、析和執(zhí)行所鍵入的命令兩個主要命令模式是用戶模式和特權(quán)模式不同的命令模式有不同的提示符,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,CiscoIOS,,,,,,,,,,,,,Cisco IOS用戶界面的基本特性,,用戶模式對路由器的有限操作命令提示符為 主機(jī)名>用戶可以看路由器的連接狀態(tài)，訪問其它網(wǎng)絡(luò)和主機(jī)，但不能看到和更改路由器的設(shè)置內(nèi)容。,有兩個命令模式提供命令鍵入.,模式一:,Cisco IOS的主要命令模式,,特權(quán)(或en

4、able)模式對路由器更深入的操作有配置和監(jiān)視權(quán)力是進(jìn)入其它配置模式的前提命令提示符為 主機(jī)名#,模式二 (也是最常用的模式):,Cisco IOS的主要命令模式(續(xù)),,系統(tǒng)啟動例程會初始化路由器如果需要，路由器可以有選擇性地回退啟動,Check hardware,,,Find and load Cisco IOSsoftware image,,,Find and apply routerconfiguration

5、information,,Load Bootstrap,,1.啟動前確認(rèn)正確連接線纜和控制線2.按下電源開關(guān)3.觀察啟動順序 Cisco IOS輸出到控制臺上的內(nèi)容,Cisco路由器的初始啟動,沒有配置文件與有配置文件的路由器啟動對比,,,--- System Configuration Dialog ---Continue with configuration dialog? [yes/no]:yes At an

6、y point you may enter a question mark '?' for help.Use ctrl-c to abort configuration dialog at any prompt.Default settings are in square brackets '[ ]'.,,Setup模式,,wg_ro_c con0 is now availablePress RE

7、TURN to get started.,wg_ro_c>,路由器啟動時在控制臺上的輸出內(nèi)容,控制臺,,,只要所輸命令串在全部命令中是唯一的，可以將一個命令盡可能地簡寫，,路由器在用戶模式下的命令清單,wg_ro_c>?Exec commands: access-enable Create a temporary Access-List entry atmsig Execute Atm

8、Signalling Commands cd Change current device clear Reset functions connect Open a terminal connection dir List files on given device disable Turn off priv

9、ileged commands disconnect Disconnect an existing network connection enable Turn on privileged commands exit Exit from the EXEC help Description of the interactive help sys

10、tem lat Open a lat connection lock Lock the terminal login Log in as a particular user logout Exit from the EXEC-- More --,Part.3 熟練使用幫助機(jī)制,,,,路由器命令行幫助機(jī)制,,,,上下文關(guān)聯(lián)幫助,

11、錯誤信息提示,,指出所輸入交換機(jī)命令的錯誤所在，以便于修改或糾正.,可以重新調(diào)出一個較長或較復(fù)雜的命令或其它內(nèi)容，用來再次運行、查看或修改.,,之前命令保存區(qū),提供命令清單和與特定命令相關(guān)聯(lián)的參數(shù).,,,路由器的上下文相關(guān)聯(lián)幫助,Router#,clok,,Translating "CLOK",% Unknown command or computer name, or unable to find computer

12、 address,,,,Router#,cl?,,clear clock,,Router#,clock,,% Incomplete command.,,Router#,clock ?,set Set the time and date,Router#,clock set,% Incomplete command.,,Router#,clock set ?,hh:mm:ss Current Time,,符號解析命令提示調(diào)

13、出最近用過的內(nèi)容,,,,,,路由器的上下文相關(guān)聯(lián)幫助(續(xù)),Router# clok,Translating "CLOK",% Unknown command or computer name, or unable to find computer address,,,,Router#,clear clock,,Router#,% Incomplete command.,,Router#,set Set

14、 the time and date,Router#,% Incomplete command.,,Router#,hh:mm:ss Current Time,,,,Router#,clock set 19:56:00,,% Incomplete command.,,,Router#,clock set 19:56:00 ?,, Day of the month,,MONTH Month of the year,,

15、,,Router#,clock set 19:56:00 04 8,,^,,% Invalid input detected at the '^' marker,,,Router#,clock set 19:56:00 04 August,% Incomplete command.,,,Router#,clock set 19:56:00 04 August ?, Year,,命令提示語法檢查命令提示,,,,

16、show version 命令,,wg_ro_a#show versionCisco Internetwork Operating System Software IOS (tm) 2500 Software (C2500-JS-L), Version 12.0(3), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)Copyright (c) 1986-1999 by cisco Systems, Inc.Compiled Mon

17、 08-Feb-99 18:18 by phanguyeImage text-base: 0x03050C84, data-base: 0x00001000ROM: System Bootstrap, Version 11.0(10c), SOFTWAREBOOTFLASH: 3000 Bootstrap Software (IGS-BOOT-R), Version 11.0(10c), RELEASE SOFTWARE(fc1

18、)wg_ro_a uptime is 20 minutesSystem restarted by reloadSystem image file is "flash:c2500-js-l_120-3.bin"(output omitted)--More--Configuration register is 0x2102,查看配置情況,控制臺,IOS,,Setup utility,showstartu

19、p-config,showrunning-config,,,將配置參數(shù)保存到NVRAM中,Config,Config,,RAM,NVRAM,,,,show running 和 show startup 命令,,,,wg_ro_c#show startup-configUsing 1359 out of 32762 bytes!version 12.0!-- More --,,wg_ro_c#show running-con

20、figBuilding configuration...Current configuration:!version 12.0!-- More --,保存在NVRAM中,保存在RAM中,顯示當(dāng)前運行的和保存的配置情況,保存配置,wg_ro_c#wg_ro_c#copy running-config startup-configDestination filename [startup-config]?Buildin

21、g configuration…wg_ro_c#,將當(dāng)前運行的配置復(fù)制到NVRAM中,Part.4 路由器的其它常用模式,Router(config)#（全局配置模式提示符）進(jìn)入全局配置模式命令：config terminalRouter# config terminalRouter(config)#,全局配置模式,Router(config-if)#（端口配置提示符）進(jìn)入端口配置模式的命令： interface type

22、 numberRouter(config)#interface type numberRouter(config-if)#,端口配置模式,type 包括 serial, ethernet，……number 用來識別具體的單個端口,例：配置串口,進(jìn)入全局配置模式,Router(config-if)#clock rate 64000Router(config-if)#,Router(config)#interface serial

23、 0 Router(config-if)#,Router#configure terminalRouter(config)#,指定某個端口,設(shè)置時鐘頻率 (只在DCE端),Router(config-if)#ip address 202.114.85.1 255.555.255.0,指定端口IP地址,路由器的 show interfaces 命令,,Router#show interface

24、sEthernet0 is up, line protocol is up Hardware is Lance, address is 00e0.1e5d.ae2f (bia 00e0.1e5d.ae2f) Internet address is 10.1.1.11/24 MTU 1500 bytes, BW 10000 Kbit, DLY 1000 usec, rely 255/255, load 1/255 En

25、capsulation ARPA, loopback not set, keepalive set (10 sec) ARP type: ARPA, ARP Timeout 04:00:00 Last input 00:00:07, output 00:00:08, output hang never Last clearing of "show interface" counters never Q

26、ueueing strategy: fifo Output queue 0/40, 0 drops; input queue 0/75, 0 drops 5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec 5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec 81833 packets input, 27556491 bytes, 0

27、no buffer Received 42308 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles 1 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 1 ignored, 0 abort 0 input packets with dribble condition detected 55794 packets output,

28、3929696 bytes, 0 underruns 0 output errors, 0 collisions, 1 interface resets 0 babbles, 0 late collision, 4 deferred 0 lost carrier, 0 no carrier 0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out

29、,,,Router#show interfaces serial 1Serial1 is up, line protocol is up Hardware is HD64570 Description: 64Kb Line to San Jose :: :: :: :: :: :: :: :: ::,,,Operational..................Connection pro

30、blem...Interface problem........Disabled ......................,Serial1 is up, line protocol is upSerial1 is up, line protocol is downSerial1 is down, line protocol is downSerial1 is administratively down, line prot