大學(xué)英語四級(jí)寫作

1、CET-4College English Test Band 4,Keelson Hsu,Introduction & Writing Skills,全國大學(xué)英語等級(jí)考試是教育部主管的一項(xiàng)全國性的教學(xué)考試，其目的是對(duì)大學(xué)生的實(shí)際英語能力進(jìn)行客觀、準(zhǔn)確的測(cè)量，為大學(xué)英語教學(xué)提供服務(wù)。分大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試（CET-4）和大學(xué)英語六級(jí)考試（CET-6）兩種。每年考試過后8月份或9月份公布成績并頒發(fā)成績單，425分為及格線。,大

2、學(xué)英語四、六級(jí)考試(CET4、6)日期 　　CET全國四六級(jí)考試的報(bào)名時(shí)間為：每年9月份、3月份（每年時(shí)間略有不同） 　　考試時(shí)間為：每年12月份、6月份的第三個(gè)星期六。,1、詞匯　　領(lǐng)會(huì)式掌握4,200個(gè)單詞（其中復(fù)用式掌握的單詞為2,500個(gè)[復(fù)用式詞匯則是指除了能在閱讀中正確理解還能在聽、說、寫（包括拼寫）中正確運(yùn)用的詞匯]），以及由這些詞構(gòu)成的常用詞組1,600條（中學(xué)所掌握的單詞和詞組均包括在內(nèi)），并具有按照基本構(gòu)詞法識(shí)

3、別生詞的能力。 2、語法　　鞏固和加深基本語法知識(shí)，提高在語篇水平上運(yùn)用語法知識(shí)的能力。,3、閱讀能力　　能順利閱讀語言難度中等的一般性題材的文章、掌握中心大意以及說明中心大意的事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)，并能進(jìn)行一定的分析、推理和判斷，領(lǐng)會(huì)作者的觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度，閱讀速度達(dá)到每分鐘70詞。在閱讀篇幅較長、難度略低、生詞不超過總詞數(shù)3%的材料時(shí)，能掌握中心大意，抓住主要事實(shí)和有關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)，閱讀速度將達(dá)到每分鐘100詞。 4、聽的能力　　能聽懂英語講課，

4、并能聽懂題材熟悉、句子結(jié)構(gòu)比較簡單、基本上沒有生詞、語速為每分鐘130-150詞的簡短會(huì)話、談話、報(bào)道或講座，掌握其中心大意，抓住要點(diǎn)和有關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)，領(lǐng)會(huì)講話者的觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度。,5、說的能力　　能就教材內(nèi)容和適當(dāng)?shù)穆犃Σ牧线M(jìn)行問答和復(fù)述，能用英語進(jìn)行一般的日常會(huì)話，能就所熟悉的話題經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備后作簡短發(fā)言，表達(dá)思想比較清楚，語音、語調(diào)基本正確。 6、寫的能力　　能在閱讀難度與課文相仿的書面材料時(shí)做筆記、回答問題和寫提綱，能就一定的話題或提綱在

5、半小時(shí)內(nèi)寫出120-150詞的短文，能寫短信或便條，表達(dá)意思清楚，無重大語言錯(cuò)誤。 7、譯的能力　　能借助詞典將難度略低于課文的英語短文譯成漢語，理解正確，譯文達(dá)意，譯速為每小時(shí)300英語單詞。能借助詞典將內(nèi)容熟悉的漢語文字材料譯成英語，譯文達(dá)意，無重大語言錯(cuò)誤，譯速為每小時(shí)250漢字。,時(shí)間流程表,8：50---9：00試音時(shí)間 9：00---9：10播放考場(chǎng)指令，發(fā)放作文考卷 9：10取下耳機(jī)，開始作文考試 作文（

6、9：10- 9：40）9：35 發(fā)放含有快速閱讀的試題冊(cè) 快速閱讀（9：40- 9：55 ）  9：55-10：00  收答題卡一10：00-11：20   所有題目在答題卡二上作答 聽力（10：00-10：35） 仔細(xì)閱讀理解（10：35-11：00）完形填空（11：00-11：15） 翻譯（11：15-11：20）收答題卡二,嫵媚人

7、生 http://www.5may.net/,。,注意 （1）,改變傳統(tǒng)的英語考試先做聽力，再做閱讀，最后寫作文的習(xí)慣。一進(jìn)考場(chǎng)就集中注意力寫作文。等試題冊(cè)發(fā)下來后，抓緊時(shí)間做快速閱讀。交了答題卡1后，準(zhǔn)備做聽力。 作文在答題紙 1上，其他題目在試題冊(cè)上。 作文和快速閱讀在答題紙1上作答，完成后交答題紙1。剩下題目在答卡2上作答。,注意（2）,因?yàn)榇痤}紙1要提前交，所以一定要抓緊時(shí) 間做作文和快速閱讀，必須在規(guī)定時(shí)

8、間內(nèi) 完成。 做完聽力后，剩下45分鐘時(shí)間，要完成的 題目有：選詞填空，兩篇閱讀文章，完型 填空，翻譯。時(shí)間短，題量大，一定要注 意時(shí)間的分配。,注意（3）,聽力和閱讀占70%。所以四級(jí)考試的成績主要由聽力和閱讀能力決定。 選詞填空和傳統(tǒng)閱讀占25%，完型填空占10%。翻譯占5%。完型比較難，翻譯分值少，建議不要在這兩個(gè)題目上花太多時(shí)間。,四級(jí)考試特點(diǎn),1.寫作量大（30min，120words

9、）2.閱讀量大（40min完成一篇快速閱讀、一篇篇章詞匯閱讀、兩篇篇章閱讀理解，15分鐘完成一篇完型，35分鐘完成聽力部分的讀題、聽材料和做題）3.詞匯量大（生詞難詞較多）4.時(shí)間緊張（考試時(shí)間為2小時(shí)5分鐘，考生往往做完閱讀題就快到時(shí)間了，完形填空和翻譯做的非常潦草）,四級(jí)考試備戰(zhàn)方案,1、在規(guī)定的時(shí)間內(nèi)做一套近年的真題，熟悉真題的難度，檢驗(yàn)自身的水平，了解自己的弱項(xiàng)，確定恰當(dāng)?shù)膫鋺?zhàn)目標(biāo)。2、以真題為最主要的備考資料，認(rèn)真聽講

10、，熟記方法，仔細(xì)揣摩，反復(fù)練習(xí)（尤其是聽力和閱讀）。3、樹立必勝的信心。四級(jí)考試并沒有想象中那么難以通過。只要方法得當(dāng)、練習(xí)適度、詞匯量足，定能順利甚至高分通過4、要有恒心。只依賴技巧，不做任何準(zhǔn)備和練習(xí)的考試是不會(huì)成功的。,Grammar Review,一：時(shí)態(tài)：所謂的"時(shí)態(tài)"，就是時(shí)間+狀態(tài)。謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)見下表：,1．主動(dòng)形式,1. 被動(dòng)形式,CET-4 常考的三種時(shí)態(tài)：過去完成時(shí)；將來完成時(shí)；(現(xiàn)在

11、/過去）完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。,CET-4 作文講解,寫作總論,寫作部分考核的技能是：A.思想表達(dá)　1）.表達(dá)中心思想　2）.表達(dá)重要或特定信息　3）.表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度等B.篇章組織　4）.圍繞所給的題目敘述、議論或描述，突出重點(diǎn)　5）.連貫地組句成段，組段成篇,,寫作總論,C.語言運(yùn)用　6）.運(yùn)用恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~匯　7）.運(yùn)用正確的語法　8）.運(yùn)用合適的句子結(jié)構(gòu)　9）.使用正確的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)　10）.運(yùn)用銜接手段表達(dá)句間關(guān)系(如對(duì)比、

12、原因、結(jié)果、程度、目的等)D.寫作格式　11）.運(yùn)用正確的符合英語表達(dá)習(xí)慣的寫作格式,,寫作總論,評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：本題滿分為15分. 共分五等：2-4分、5-7分、8-10分、11-13分及14-15分。 2-4分 條理不清，思路紊亂，語言支離破碎或在部分句子均有錯(cuò)誤，且多數(shù)嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤。 5-7分 基本切題。表達(dá)思想不清楚，連貫性差。有較多的嚴(yán)重語言錯(cuò)誤。 8-10分 基本切題。有些地方表達(dá)思想不夠清楚，文字勉強(qiáng)連貫；語言錯(cuò)誤相當(dāng)

13、，多其中有一些是嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤。 11-13分 切題。表達(dá)思想清楚，文字連貫，但有少量語言錯(cuò)誤。 14-15分 切題。表達(dá)思想清楚，文字通順，連貫性好?；旧蠠o語言錯(cuò)誤，僅有個(gè)別小錯(cuò)誤,表例證關(guān)系的過渡性詞,for example, for instance, as an example,as an illustration, such as, a case in point is,to illustrate,

14、 in particular, specifically, say, next, namely, that is, like, take … as an example, etc.,,讓步過渡詞,although, however, nevertheless, in spite of, it is true …but, even though, but, gran

15、ted that, yet, at the very worst, admittedly, though, still after all, of course, clearly, and still, etc.,,常用表因果關(guān)系的過渡詞語,because, as, since, for, owing to, because of, due to, on account o

16、f, as a result of, for the reason, result from, thus, so, hence, therefore, accordingly, consequently, for this reason, on that account, as a consequence, it follows that…, result in, contribute to…,,四級(jí)作文常見連接詞總結(jié)：,表示時(shí)間順

17、序 　　first 　　after a few days 　　eventually 　　at that time 　　in the meantime 　　meanwhile 　　afterward 　　from then on,,四級(jí)作文常見連接詞總結(jié)：,表示遞進(jìn)(補(bǔ)充說明)關(guān)系 　　in addition 　　fur

18、thermore 　　what’s more 　　what’s worse,,四級(jí)作文常見連接詞總結(jié)：,5.表示對(duì)比關(guān)系 　　whereas 　　while 　　as opposed to  　　by contrast 　　by comparison,,四級(jí)高分的詞匯搭配,經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展 the rapid development of economy

19、 人民生活水平的顯著提高/ 穩(wěn)步增長 the remarkable improvement/ steady growth of people’s living standard先進(jìn)的科學(xué)技術(shù) advanced science and technology 面臨新的機(jī)遇和挑戰(zhàn) be faced with new opportunities and challenges,四級(jí)高分的詞匯搭配,人們普遍認(rèn)為 It is commo

20、nly believed/ recognized that…社會(huì)發(fā)展的必然結(jié)果 the inevitable result of social development 引起了廣泛的公眾關(guān)注 arouse wide public concern/ draw public attention 不可否認(rèn) It is undeniable that…/ There is no denying that…,,四級(jí)高分的詞匯搭配,熱烈的

21、討論/ 爭論 a heated discussion/ debate有爭議性的問題 a controversial issue 完全不同的觀點(diǎn) a totally different argument有充分的理由支持 be supported by sound reasons發(fā)揮著日益重要的作用 play an increasingly important role in…,,四級(jí)高分的詞匯搭配,正如諺語所說 A

22、s the proverb goes對(duì)…產(chǎn)生有利/不利的影響 exert positive/ negative effects on…利遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于弊 the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages導(dǎo)致，引起 lead to/ give rise to/ contribute to/ result in,,四級(jí)高分的詞匯搭配,復(fù)雜的社會(huì)現(xiàn)象 a complicated social

23、phenomenon 責(zé)任感 / 成就感 sense of responsibility/ sense of achievement競爭與合作精神 sense of competition and cooperation 開闊眼界 widen one’s horizon/ broaden one’s vision,,四級(jí)高分的詞匯搭配,學(xué)習(xí)知識(shí)和技能 acquire knowledge and skills經(jīng)濟(jì)/心理負(fù)擔(dān)

24、 financial burden / psychological burden考慮到諸多因素 take many factors into account/ consideration 從另一個(gè)角度 from another perspective,,四級(jí)高分的詞匯搭配,做出共同努力 make joint efforts為社會(huì)做貢獻(xiàn) make contributions to the society 打下堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)

25、lay a solid foundation for… 綜合素質(zhì) comprehensive quality致力于/ 投身于 be committed / devoted to…,,四級(jí)高分的詞匯搭配,不可推卸的義務(wù) unshakable duty滿足需求 satisfy/ meet the needs of... 可靠的信息源 a reliable source of information寶貴的自然資源 v

26、aluable natural resources 方便快捷 convenient and efficient,,四級(jí)高分的詞匯搭配,在人類生活的方方面面 in all aspects of human life 社會(huì)進(jìn)步的體現(xiàn) a symbol of society progress對(duì)這一問題持有不同態(tài)度 hold different attitudes towards this issue支持前/后種觀點(diǎn)的人 pe

27、ople / those in favor of the former/ latter opinion,,四級(jí)高分的詞匯搭配,熱烈的討論/ 爭論 a heated discussion/ debate有爭議性的問題 a controversial issue 完全不同的觀點(diǎn) a totally different argument有充分的理由支持 be supported by sound reasons發(fā)揮著日益重要的

28、作用 play an increasingly important role in…,,四級(jí)高分的詞匯搭配,正如諺語所說 As the proverb goes對(duì)…產(chǎn)生有利/不利的影響 exert positive/ negative effects on…利遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于弊 the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages導(dǎo)致，引起 lead to/ give rise to/

29、contribute to/ result in,,四級(jí)高分的詞匯搭配,復(fù)雜的社會(huì)現(xiàn)象 a complicated social phenomenon 責(zé)任感 / 成就感 sense of responsibility/ sense of achievement競爭與合作精神 sense of competition and cooperation 開闊眼界 widen one’s horizon/ broaden one

30、’s vision,,四級(jí)高分的詞匯搭配,學(xué)習(xí)知識(shí)和技能 acquire knowledge and skills經(jīng)濟(jì)/心理負(fù)擔(dān) financial burden / psychological burden考慮到諸多因素 take many factors into account/ consideration 從另一個(gè)角度 from another perspective,,四級(jí)高分的詞匯搭配,做出共同努力 make

31、 joint efforts為社會(huì)做貢獻(xiàn) make contributions to the society 打下堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ) lay a solid foundation for… 綜合素質(zhì) comprehensive quality致力于/ 投身于 be committed / devoted to…,,四級(jí)高分的詞匯搭配,不可推卸的義務(wù) unshakable duty滿足需求 satisfy/ meet th

32、e needs of... 可靠的信息源 a reliable source of information寶貴的自然資源 valuable natural resources 方便快捷 convenient and efficient,,四級(jí)高分的詞匯搭配,在人類生活的方方面面 in all aspects of human life 社會(huì)進(jìn)步的體現(xiàn) a symbol of society progress對(duì)這一問題

33、持有不同態(tài)度 hold different attitudes towards this issue支持前/后種觀點(diǎn)的人 people / those in favor of the former/ latter opinion,,四級(jí)高分的詞匯搭配,在一定程度上 to some extent/ degree / in some way理論和實(shí)踐相結(jié)合 integrate theory with practice 日益激烈

34、的社會(huì)競爭 the increasingly fierce social competition 眼前利益 immediate interest/ short-term interest 長遠(yuǎn)利益 interest in the long run,,四級(jí)高分的詞匯搭配,有其自身的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn) … has its merits and demerits/ advantages and disadvantages對(duì)…有害 do h

35、arm to / be harmful to交流思想/ 情感/ 信息 exchange ideas/ emotions/ information跟上…的最新發(fā)展 keep pace with / catch up with/ keep abreast with the latest development of …,四級(jí)高分的詞匯搭配,采取有效措施來… take effective measures to do sth. …

36、的健康發(fā)展 the healthy development of … 對(duì)…觀點(diǎn)因人而異 Views on …vary from person to person. 重視 attach great importance to… 社會(huì)地位 social status,,四級(jí)高分的詞匯搭配,把時(shí)間和精力放在…上 focus time and energy on… 擴(kuò)大知識(shí)面 expand one’s scope of kn

37、owledge 身心兩方面 both physically and mentally有直接/間接關(guān)系 be directly / indirectly related to… 提出折中提議 set forth a compromise proposal,,四級(jí)高分的詞匯搭配,保障社會(huì)的穩(wěn)定和繁榮 guarantee the stability and prosperity of our society更多地強(qiáng)調(diào) put

38、 more emphasis on…適應(yīng)社會(huì)發(fā)展 adapt oneself to the development of society 實(shí)現(xiàn)夢(mèng)想 make one’s dream come true,,四級(jí)高分的詞匯搭配,主要理由列舉如下 The main reasons are listed as follows 我們還有很長的路要走 We still have a long way to go,,四級(jí)作文使用率最高的

39、12個(gè)基本句式,1．表示原因   1）There are three reasons for this．    2）The reasons for this are as follows．    3）The reason for this is obvious．   4）The reason for this

40、is not far to seek．    5）The reason for this is that．．．    6）We have good reason to believe that．．．             例如： T

41、here are three reasons for the changes that have taken place in our life． Firstly，people’s living standard has been greatly improved．Secondly， most people are well paid， and they can afford what they need or like． Last b

42、ut not least，more and more people prefer to enjoy modern life．,四級(jí)作文使用率最高的12個(gè)基本句式,2．表示好處  1）It has the following advantages．   2）It does us a lot of good．   3）It benefits us quite a lot．  

43、; 4）It is beneficial to us．   5）It is of great benefit to us．     例如：      Books are like friends．They can help us know the world better， and they can open

44、our minds and widen our horizons．Therefore， reading extensively is of great benefit to us．,四級(jí)作文使用率最高的12個(gè)基本句式,3．表示壞處    1）It has more disadvantages than advantages．    2）It does us much har

45、m．    3）It is harmful to us．       例如：    However，everything divides into two. Television can also be harmful to us． It can do harm to our health and make u

46、s lazy if we spend too much time watching television.,四級(jí)作文使用率最高的12個(gè)基本句式,4．表示重要、必要、困難、方便、可能  1）It is important（necessary，difficult，convenient， possible）for sb．to do sth．  2）We think it necessary to do sth． &#

47、160;3）It plays an important role in our life．    例如：    Computers are now being used everywhere，whether in the government， in schools or in business．Soon， computers will be found in every

48、 home， too． We have good reason to say that computers are playing an increasingly important role in our life and we have stepped into the Computer Age．,四級(jí)作文使用率最高的12個(gè)基本句式,5．表示措施  1）We should take some effective meas

49、ures．  2）We should try our best to overcome（conquer）the difficulties．  3）We should do our utmost in doing sth．  4）We should solve the problems that we are confronted（faced）with．     例

50、如：    The housing problem that we are confronted with is becoming more and more serious． Therefore，we must take some effective measures to solve it．,四級(jí)作文使用率最高的12個(gè)基本句式,6．表示變化 1）Some changes have taken pla

51、ce in …..． 2）A great change will certainly be produced in … 3）sth. has brought about many changes in sth else．   例如：   Some changes have taken place in people’s diet in the past five years． The major rea

52、sons for these changes are not far to seek．Nowadays， more and more people are switching from grain to meat for protein， and from fruit and vegetable to milk for vitamins．,四級(jí)作文使用率最高的12個(gè)基本句式,7．表示事實(shí)、現(xiàn)狀 1）We cannot ignore t

53、he fact that．．． 2）No one can deny the fact that．．． 3）There is no denying the fact that．．． 4）This is a phenomenon that many people are interested in． 5）However，that’s not the case． 例如：    We c

54、annot ignore the fact that industrialization brings with it the problems of pollution． To solve these problems， we can start by educating the public about the hazards of pollution． The government on its part should also

55、design stricter laws to promote a cleaner environment．,四級(jí)作文使用率最高的12個(gè)基本句式,8．表示比較 1）Compared with A，B．．． 2）I prefer to read rather than watch TV． 3）There is a striking contrast between them．  例如：   Compare

56、d with cars， bicycles have several advantages besides being affordable．Firstly， they do not consume natural resources of petroleum．Secondly， they do not cause the pollution problem．Last but not least， they contribute to

57、 people’s health by giving them due physical exercise．,四級(jí)作文使用率最高的12個(gè)基本句式,9．表示數(shù)量1）It has increased（decreased）from．．．to．．． 2）sth in s.p. has now increased （decreased）to ……． 3）sth increased by 15％ compared with sth．

58、 例如： With the improvement of the living standard， the proportion of people’s income spent on food has decreased while that spent on education has increased． From the graph listed above， it can be seen

59、that student use of computers has increased from an average of less than two hours per week in 1990 to 20 hours in 2000．,四級(jí)作文使用率最高的12個(gè)基本句式,10. 表示看法 1）People have（take，adopt，assume）different attitudes towards sth． 2）Peo

60、ple have different opinions on this problem． 3）People take different views of（on）the question． 4）Some people believe that．．．Others argue that．．． 例如：     People have different attitudes towards fai

61、lure. Some believe that failure leads to success. Every failure they experience translates into a greater chance of success at their renewed endeavor. However, others are easily discouraged by failures and put themselve

62、s into the category of losers.,四級(jí)作文使用率最高的12個(gè)基本句式,11．表示結(jié)論1）In short，it can be said that ．．． 2）It may be briefly summed up as follows． 3）From what has been mentioned above，we can come to the conclusion that ．．． 例如

63、： From what has been mentioned above， we can come to the conclusion that examination is necessary, however, its method should be improved. 注：例句1可用于任何一個(gè)段落的結(jié)論句；例句3則多用文章結(jié)論段的第一句。,四級(jí)作文使用率最高的12個(gè)基本句式,12．套語 1）It’s we

64、ll known to us that ．．． 2）As is known to us，．．． 3）This is a topic that is being widely talked about． 4）From the graph（table，chart）listed above，it can be seen that ．．． 5）As a proverb says，“Where there is a will，there

65、is a way． 例如：   As is well known to us, it is important for the students to know the world outside campus．   The reason for this is obvious. Nowadays, the society is changing and developing rapidly, and

66、 the campus is no longer an “ivory tower.  再如：   Does it pay to be honest？ This is a topic that is being widely talked about and different people have different opinions on it．,大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試作文常用句型,A. 開頭 1

67、、There is an interesting and instructive picture which goes like this: ______________. 2、______________ has become a hot topic among people, especially among the young, and heated debates are right on their way. 3、Re

68、cently, _________has been brought to such popular attention that _________ (e.g. Recently, the problem of global warming has been brought to such popular attention that governments at all levels place it on the to

69、p of the agenda.),大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試作文常用句型,4、One of our ancient philosophers said, ______________. Chinese people have always been holding this idea to be one of their standards of morality. 5. No one，regardless of race, religio

70、n or nationality, would deny that... 或：Everyone would agree that...,,大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試作文常用句型,B 結(jié)尾 1. Only in this way/Only when……/Only through……, will/can we……或：It is only if/when……that we will…… It is only if all sides o

71、f society take their roles fully that we will achieve the society we want. 2. As long as……we will be able to……/the problem is bound to…… As long as we persist in spreading scientific knowledge among the masses,