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1、外文翻譯原文：原文：EmployeeDevelopmentRetentionThecontemparyglobaleconomicenvironmenthaschangeddrasticallycontinuestodoso.Socialdevelopmentssuchascontinuingglobalisationtechnologicalinnovationgrowingglobalcompetitionplacepressure

2、oncompaniesemphasisetheirneedtomaintaintheircompetitiveedge(BurkeNg2006)atleastinpartthroughmaintainingtheskillsoftheiremployees.Companieshavetobeabletoanticipatetechnologicalinnovationbeabletocompetewithothercompanieswl

3、dwide.Thisneedmakesimptantacompany’sabilitytoevolvethroughthecontinuouslearningdevelopmentoftheemployees.Havingretainingskilledemployeesplaysanimptantroleinthisprocessbecauseemployees’knowledgeskillshavebecomethekeyfcomp

4、aniestobeeconomicallycompetitive(Hiltrop1999).Therefeitisimptantthatemployersgiveemployeestheopptunitytodeveloplearn(Arnold2005Bernsenetal.2009Herman2005)suchthatthewkersmaintaintheircapacitiesaseffectiveemployeesresistr

5、edundancyareretainedbytheircompanies.Beyondtheseeconomicpressurescompaniesalsofacesomedisturbingdemographicchanges.TheaverageageofemployeesinWesterncountriesisincreasingconstantly.Inadditionthewkersofthesocalledbabyboomg

6、enerationaregraduallyretiring(BurkeNg2006Franketal.2004).Withtheretirementofthisgenerationisasignificantlossofskillsothercapacitieswhicharenotbeingeasilyreplacedbysimplyhiringnewemployees.Theendingofthecareersofthebabybo

7、omgenerationmeansthatcompanieslosecompetence(i.e.knowledgeskills)allofwhichareessentialinthecurrenteconomicenvironmentinwhichcompanieshavetocompete(Hiltrop1999).Companiesexpectthattheproptionalriseintheageingpopulationwi

8、llleadtoaglobalcompetitionfthe‘best’employees.This‘competition’willbethemostintenseinthesearchfChiefExecutiveOfficers(CEO)(Conner2000Harveyretentionhasproventobeimptantfthefunctioningofacompanythisstudyfocusesonthefactst

9、hatareofinfluenceintermsofemployeeretention.Aspecialinterestistakeninemployees’learningthislearninghasastrongpositiveeffectonretention(e.g.Echols2007Gershwin1996Rodriguez2008).Rodriguez(2008p.53)claims:Ifemployeesfeelthe

10、yaren’tlearninggrowingtheyfeeltheyarenotremainingcompetitivewiththeirindustrypeersfpromotionopptunitiescareeradvancement.Oncetopemployeesfeeltheyarenolongergrowingtheybegintolookexternallyfnewjobopptunities.MeoverCollin(

11、2009)foundthatlearningawkrelatedidentityarerelatedtooneanotherinmanywaysaccdingtoDewey(1916)anindividual’sidentityisfmedbyamongotherthingsthatperson’svocation.Dewey(1916)referstoavocationasacallingthatiscentraltoanindivi

12、dual’sidentity.FurthermeCollin’s(2009)findingssuggestthatbesidestherelationshipbetweenlearningtheconstructionofawkrelatedidentitytherealsoexistsarelationshipbetweenganisationalcommitmentvariouslearningprocesses.Thisstudy

13、investigatesthelearningwkingclimateaswellasthelearningattitudeofemployees.Becausecompaniestendtofocusondevelopingretainingwkerswithhighpotentialitisimptanttoknowwhetheradifferenceexistsbetweenwhatsupptisaffdedthosekindso

14、femployeescomparedwithotheremployees.Inmakingitscasethepaperprogressesasfollows.Firstlyatheeticalbackgroundisprovidedinwhichtherelevantconceptsaredefinedinterrelationshipsthathavebeenidentifiedintheliteratureareexpled.Wh

15、atisproposedhereisthatseparatelybutmostimptantlyincombinationpersonalwkplacefactsshapetheprospectsfemployeeretention.Inparticulartwopolarapproaches—thegaptheappreciativeapproach—arecritiqued.Secondlyresearchquestionshypo

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