旅游中碳的管理——以應(yīng)對氣候變化的明智的策略【外文翻譯】

1、外文翻譯CarbonManagementinTourism–ASmartStrategyinResponsetoClimateChangeMaterialSource:GlobaltourismtrendsissuesAuth:WolfgangStrasdasTheITB2009wasdominatedbytheglobalfinancialeconomiccrisis.ComparedtotheITB2008whenglobalwar

2、mingwasamajissueonecouldalmostgettheimpressionthatclimatechangeresourceconservationwereproblemsofthepastnolongerofinterest.Unftunatelyclimatechangeisnotgoingaway.Inrealitytheoppositeisthecase.Recentstudiesindicatethatthi

3、ngshavegottenwsethanpredictedbymostscientists.TheArcticiswarmingupfasterthananticipatedwiththeGreenliceshieldbeingofparticularconcern.Asaconsequenceofthissealevelsarealsorisingfaster.Whilethefinancialcrisismaysoonbeovert

4、heimpactsofclimatechangewillstaywithhumanityfthecenturiestocome(Stock2009).ThusftourismclimatechangewillremainamajchallengewithlonghaultourismaviationwintertourismbeachtourisminSouthernlatitudesbeingthemostvulnerablesegm

5、entsoftheindustry.Inadditionthereistheprospectofrisingoilpricesoncethepresentslumpisoverofstricteremissionregulationsagrowingenvironmentalawarenessoftourists.Inthiscontextcarbonmanagementisseenasakeystrategyftourismcompa

6、niesganisationsnotjusttomitigatetheirowncontributiontoglobalwarmingbutalsotoadapttothedirectindirectimpactsofclimatechangeintheirowneconomicinterest.ThisarticleislargelytheresultofapaneldiscussionganisedbyEberswaldeUnive

7、rsityofAppliedSciencesintheframewkoftheITB2009Convention.Itsummarizesthepresentationsdiscussionresultsofthepanelaswellassomebackgroundinfmationbutdoesnotpretendtoprovideanindepthanalysisofcarbonmanagementintourism–afield

8、thatisstillinaninfantstageintheindustry.1Background:TheInterrelationshipBetweenTourismClimateChangeWldwidetourismisresponsiblefabout5%ofenergyrelatedCO2emissions(UNWTOUNEP2008).Whilethissharemayappeartoberelativelysmalli

9、tbecomesmesignificantwhencomparingitwithothersectscountries.Roughlytourism’sshareofCO2emissionsequalstheoneofthechemicalindustry.Iftourismwereacountryitwouldrangein5thplaceaftertheUSAChinaRussiaIndiawellaheadofmajpollute

10、rssuchasJapanGermany(WRI2005).Howeverthisamountisunevenlydistributedamongtourismsubsystemstypesoftourism.75%ofoverallemissionsareattributedtotransptationofwhichairtransptaccountsf40%automobiletrafficf32%.Theshareofaccomm

11、odationis21%(ibid.seeFigure1).Thismeansthatemissionsofaviationdependentlonghaultourismaresubstantiallyhigherpertravelday.InGermanyfexampledomestictourismrepresentsonly1.6%ofnationalemissionswithmodestenergyefficiencygain

12、salreadytakenintoaccount(UNWTOUNEP2008).Itisclearthatsuchadevelopmentistotallyunacceptable.Iftourismistocontinuetothriveasaneconomicactivitysubstantialsavingsinemissionsneedtobemade.Apartfromanyethicalconsiderationsthatt

13、hesefiguresmayprompttourism’senergyintensityalsoposesanumberoffutureriskstotheindustryitselfifsubstantialmitigationmeasuresarenotimplemented.Themostobviousoneiscosts.Pricesffossilbasedfuelhavesoaredinrecentyearsnowrepres

14、entasignificantptionofoperationalcostsfairlinesothertransptcompaniesbutalsofhotels.Itisofcoursedifficulttofecastthedevelopmentofpricesofoiloilproductsbutwithagrowingwldeconomytheprogressingdepletionofexistingoildepositsi

15、tseemslikelythatthetrendwillcontinue(Gssling2009a).Inadditionimpendingclimateprotectionregulationwillfurtherincreaseenergypricesimposeabsoluteemissionlimitsespeciallyftheautomobileaviationsects.TheEuropeanUnionwillstartt

16、oimplementanemissionstradingscheme(ETS)fallaircraftarrivingdepartingfromEUairptsin2012.Thisschemewillimposeacapof97%(95%from2013on)ofbaselineemissionsrecdedfrom20042006.Furthermethereisnowawidespreadagreementthatinternat

17、ionalaviationshouldbecomeregulatedunderapostKyotoagreementalthoughitisnotyetclearwhatexactlythiswouldentail(Lyle2009).Howeverthelesstheindustryiswillingtomakeemissionsavingsvoluntarilythestricterregulationsmaybeinthefutu

18、re.譯文旅游中碳的管理——以應(yīng)對氣候變化的明智的策略資料來源:全球旅游的趨勢和問題作者：WolfgangStrasdas2009年國際旅游交易會的主導(dǎo)力量是全球金融和經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)。與2008年國際旅游交易會相比，全球變暖是一個重大的問題，我們幾乎可以得到的印象是氣候變化和資源保護(hù)已成為過去的問題，并不再感興趣。不幸的是，氣候變化是不會消失的。在現(xiàn)實中，情況正好相反。最近的研究表明，事情比大多數(shù)科學(xué)家預(yù)測的變得更糟。北極變暖的速度超過了預(yù)期

19、，同時格陵蘭冰的保護(hù)被特別關(guān)注。由于這一結(jié)果，海平面也上升較快。盡管金融危機(jī)可能很快結(jié)束，氣候變化將影響人類的未來幾個世紀(jì)。(Stock2009)因此，對于旅游，氣候變化仍將是一個重大的挑戰(zhàn)，長途旅游，航空，旅游和冬季旅游及在南緯度的沙灘旅游是該行業(yè)的最弱勢群體。此外，石油價格上漲的前景，一旦目前的不景氣結(jié)束，并且更嚴(yán)格的排放法規(guī)以及越來越多游客有環(huán)保意識。在這種情況下，碳管理被看作是旅游企業(yè)和組織的關(guān)鍵戰(zhàn)略，不只是為了減輕其對全球變暖