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1、1外文翻譯原文TransitiontransfmationEmergingfreighttransptationintermediariesMaterialSource:papers636.pdfAuth:JiongjiongSongAmeliaC.ReganInthispaperweexaminethedevelopmentofthisnewindustrydiscussitspromisepotentialimpactexamine
2、hurdlestoitssuccess.POTENTIALBENEFITSThepotentialbenefitsofonlinefreighttransptationintermediariesareenmous.Fsmallcarriersconvenientaccesstospotmarketscouldmakeahugedifferenceinprofitability–providingthecosttoaccessthese
3、marketsisreasonable.Methan70%oftruckingcompaniesoperatingintheU.S.in1998hadsixfewertrucks.Accesstoinexpensivetrackingtracingautomatedbillingfreightpaymentsystemswillallowsmallcarrierstooperatewithlittleadministrativeover
4、head.Manysmallcarrierswerealreadyactingassubcontractstolargercarriersthefactthattheserelationshipsaremovingonlineshouldonlymaketheserelationshipsmeefficient.Mediumsizedcarrierscouldalsobenefitfromparticipatinginmarketsth
5、atencouragegroupsofshipperscarrierstocollabate.Socalledcollabativeprivatelogisticswksinwhichonemeshipperonemecarriercooperatetocreateadenserwkcouldprovidesignificantaddedefficiencies.Ifissuesrelatedtoproprietaryinfmation
6、competitiveissuescanberesolvedtruckloadcarriersinparticularcouldbenefitthroughschedulingloadsfmultipleshipperssimultaneously.Largecarrierswillbenefitmostfromparticipationinclosedwkswhichfacilitateimprovedcommunication(we
7、bbasedEDIrathertraditionalEDI)whichallowthemtosubcontractsuboptimalloadsin(eitherpublicprivate)spotmarkets.Shippersmaybenefitfromopptunitiestotransfmsignificantptionsoftheirlessthantruckloadmovestotruckloadmoves.Smallmed
8、iumsizedshippersshouldhavesignificantlyreducedsearchcostswhentheyrequireaccesstospotmarkets.Thecostofservicesprovidedthroughboththespotmarketsauctionsshouldbelow.Whenpriceisthemainconcernthesemarketsmaybeveryattractive.T
9、heseshippersmayalsobenefitfromcreativecontractingarrangementsbeingofferedbysomeofthesecompanies.Fexampleatleastonecompanyis3competitionfromtheseelogisticsfirms.Theyhavebenefitedfyearsfrompossessinginfmationthatwasdifficu
10、lttoobtain.Intoday’sinfmationrichenvironmenttheywillbefcedtofindnewwaystoprovidevalueaddedservicestotheirclients.Finallysecurityofproprietaryinfmationonlinetransactionsreliabilityofsupplychainsinvolvingonemelayerofinterm
11、ediationisofgraveconcerntocarriersshippers3PLs.Onlineintermediariesarefindingcreativesolutionstoallofthesewriesnohelessthereisariskthancarriersshipperswillbeslowtojointhesemarketplacesthatmanywillnotbecomeprofitablebefet
12、heyrunoutofstartupfunds.Thiscreatesonemeseriousconcern–carriersshippers3PLswillbereluctanttosignonwithcompaniesthathaveatenuousfuture.Theywillbetryingtowkwiththeclearmarketleadersthoughtheseareverydifficulttoidentifyatth
13、isstage.MARKETGROWTHThefreighttransptationintermediarymarketincludesthirdpartylogisticscontractlogisticsfirmscustomsbrokersfreightfwardersfreightconsolidatsshippersassociationswhoarrangemanagethemovementofgoodsbetweenshi
14、pperscarriers.Inadditionitincludesthenewonlineservicesecommercefulfillmentcompanies.Hereweconsideronlythethirdpartylogisticsmarketthenewonlinemarketplacesaltogether.Theserviceofferingsofthesenewcompanieshaveconsiderableo
15、verlapwiththetraditional3PLindustry.Oneofthedifficultiesinestimatingthesizescopeofthe3PLindustryisthatitishardtodrawthelinebetween3PLsotherfreightintermediaries.Therearevariousestimatesofthetotalsizeofcurrent3PLmarketint
16、heU.S.theemergenceoftheonlinelogisticsproviderscomplicatesmattersfurther.Afairlyreliableestimateisthattherevenueofthirdpartylogisticsmarketiscurrentlyapproximately$64billioninU.S.withanother$75billiongloballyin2000.Thean
17、nualrevenuegrowthratehasbeeninthe1020%rangeoverthelastfiveyears.ItisnotclearhowmanyfirmsexactlyareprovidingthirdpartylogisticsservicescurrentlyinU.S.onesourcelistedover4003PLs.Ifweincludetheroughlytwohundredonlinelogisti
18、csprovidersthathaveemergedinthelastfewyearsweestimatethatthereareroughly600~7003PLsoperatinginU.S.Thesecompaniesvarywidelyinsize.AmongthembigplayerslikeC.H.RobinsonRyderlogisticshaveannualrevenuesofbillionsofdollarswitht
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