unit-4-globalization

1、Globalization,Unit 4,In Search of Davos Man,Unit 4,G R _ Part Division of the Text,,Part Division of the Text,,,Part,Para(s),Main Ideas,,,1,1~3,2,4~5,Introduction to Davos Man and the World Economic Forum.,,Debate over

2、the impact of globalization on current society and culture.,,3,6~8,History of globalization and its recent trends and future prospects.,,4,9~11,Globalization versus nationalism and the challenges it faces,D R _ Text 1,Gl

3、obalization is sweeping aside national borders and changing relations between nations. What impact does this have on national identities and loyalties? Are they strengthened or weakened? The author investigates.,William

4、Browder was born in Princeton, New Jersey, grew up in Chicago, and studied at Stanford University in California. But don’t call him an American. For the past 16 of his 40 years he has lived outside the U.S., first,In Sea

5、rch of Davos Man,Peter Gumbel,“National identity makes no difference for me,” he says. “I feel completely international. If you have four good friends and you like what you are doing, it doesn’t matter where you are. Tha

6、t’s globalization.”,D R _ Text 2,first in London and then, from 1996, in Moscow, where he runs his own investment firm. Browder now manages $1.6 billion in assets.,In 1998 he gave up his American passport to become a Br

7、itish citizen, since his life is now centered in Europe.,D R _ Text 3,Alex Mandl is also a fervent believer in globalization, but he views himself very differently. A former president of AT&T, Mandl, 61, was born in

8、Austria and now runs a French technology company, which is doing more and more business in China. He reckons he spends about 90% of his time traveling on business. But despite all that globetrotting, Mandl who has been a

9、 U.S. citizen for 45 years still identifies himself as an American. “I see myself as American without any hesitation. The fact that I spend a lot of time in other places doesn’t change that,” he says.,Although Browder an

10、d Mandl define their nationality differently, both see their identity as a matter of personal choice, not an accident of birth.,And not incidentally, both are Davos Men, members of the international business élite

11、who trek each year to the Swiss Alpine town for the annual meeting of the World Economic Forum, founded in 1971. This week, Browder and Mandl will join more than 2,200 executives, politicians, academics, journalists, wri

12、ters and a handful of Hollywood stars for five days of networking,,D R _ Text 4,parties and endless earnest discussions about everything from post-election Iraq and HIV in Africa to the global supply of oil and the impli

13、cations of nanotechnology. Yet this year, perhaps more than ever, a hot topic at Davos is Davos itself. Whatever their considerable differences, most Davos Men and Women share at least one belief: that globalization, t

14、he unimpeded flows of capital, labor and technology across national borders, is both welcome and unstoppable. They see the world increasingly as one vast, interconnected marketplace in which corporations search for the m

15、ost advantageous locations to buy, produce and sell their goods and services.,D R _ Text 5,D R _ Text 6,As borders and national identities become less important, some find that threatening and even dangerous. In an essay

16、 entitled “Dead Souls: The Denationalization of the American Elite,” Harvard Professor Samuel Huntington describes Davos Man (a phrase that first got widespread attention in the 1990s) as an emerging global superspecies

17、and a threat. The members of this class, he writes, are people who “have little need for national loyalty, view national boundaries as obstacles that thankfully are vanishing, can,and see national governments as residues

18、 from the past whose only useful function is to facilitate the élite’s global operations.” Huntington argues that Davos Man’s global-citizen self-image is starkly at odds with the values of most Americans, who remai

19、n deeply committed to their nation. This disconnect, he says, creates “a major cultural fault line. In a variety of ways, the American establishment, governmental and private, has become increasingly divorced from the

20、American people.”,D R _ Text 7,D R _ Text 8,Naturally, many Davos Men don’t accept Huntington’s terms. Klaus Schwab, the founder and executive chairman of the World Economic Forum, argues that endorsing a global outlook

21、does not mean erasing national identity. “Globalization can never provide us with cultural identity, which needs to be local and national in nature.” Global trade has been around for centuries; the corporations an

22、d countries that benefited from it were largely content to treat vast parts of the world as places to mine natural resources or sell finished products. Even as the globalization of capital accelerated in the 1980s, most,

23、However the past two decades have witnessed the rise of other significant players. The developed world is beating a path to China’s and India’s door — and Chinese and Indian companies, in turn, have started to look overs

24、eas for some of their future growth. Beijing has even started what it calls a “Going Out” policy that encourages Chinese firms to buy assets overseas. Asian nations are creating “a remarkable environment of innovation,”

25、graduating,most foreign investment was between relatively wealthy countries, not from wealthy countries into poorer ones. U.S. technology, companies and money were often at the forefront of this movement.,D R _ Text 8,D

26、R _ Text 9,says John Chambers, chief executive of Cisco Systems. “China and India are graduating currently more than five times the number of engineers that we are here in the U.S.” That means that U.S. and European comp

27、anies are now facing high-quality, low-cost competition from overseas. No wonder so many Western workers worry about losing their jobs. “If the issue is the size of the total pie, globalization has proved a good thing,”

28、says Orit Gadiesh, chairman of consultants Bain & Co. “If the issue is how the pie is divided, if you’re in the Western world you could question that.”,D R _ Text 10,The biggest shift may just be starting. A land

29、mark 2003 study by Goldman Sachs predicted that four economies — Russia, Brazil, India and China — will become a much larger force in the world economy than widely expected, based on projections of demographic and econom

30、ic growth, with China potentially overtaking Germany this decade. By 2050, Goldman Sachs suggested, these four newcomers will likely have displaced all but the U.S. and Japan from the top six economies in the world.,It’s

31、 also entirely possible that the near future may see the pendulum of capital swing away from Davos Man-style globalization. One counterpoint is Manila Woman — low-paid migrant work,D R _ Text 11,workers from Asia and els

32、ewhere who are increasingly providing key services around the world. Valerie Gooding, the chief executive of British health care company BUPA, says the British and U.S. health care system would break down without immigra

33、nt nurses from the Philippines, India, Nigeria and elsewhere. Unlike Davos Man, she says, they’re not ambivalent about being strongly patriotic.,D R _ Text 12,Not all Davos Men seek global markets, either. Patrick Sayer

34、runs a private equity firm in France called Eurazeo, and complains there are still too many barriers to cross-border business in Europe, let alone the world. So he’s focused Eurazeo on its domestic market. “I profit from

35、 being French in France. It’s easier for me to do deals,” Sayer says. “It’s the same elsewhere. If you’re not Italian in Italy, you won’t succeed.”,D R _ Text 15,That may sound like a narrow nationalism, yet it contains

36、a hidden wisdom. Recall that Italy itself was, until 1861, not a unified nation but an aggregation of city-states. Despite tension between its north and south, there’s no contradiction between maintaining,maintaining a r

37、egional identity and a national one. Marco Tronchetti Provera, chairman of Telecom Italia, for example, can feel both Milanese and Italian at once, even as he runs a company that is aspiring to become a bigger internatio

38、nal presence. The question is whether it will take another 140 years for Davos Man to figure out how to strike the same balance on a global scale.,D R _ S_ browder now …,Browder now manages $1.6 billion in assets.,1. Wha

39、t information can you get from the sentence?,Browder is quite a rich businessman and right now there are $1.6 billion worth of assets under at his investment firm.,2. Translate the sentence into Chinese,布勞德如今掌管著價值16億美元的資

40、產(chǎn)。,D R _ S_ national identity makes …,“National identity makes no difference for me,” he says.,Why does Browder say so?,Because he doesn’t think he only belongs to the countries he was born, studied, or worked. He shares

41、 the history, culture, or language of other countries. He is undoubtedly international.,D R _ S_ although browder and mandl…,1. How do you understand “not an accident of birth”?,not the place of their birth,2. Translate

42、the sentence into Chinese,雖然布勞德和曼德爾對各自的國籍界定不同，他們都將國籍視為個人選擇，而不是由出生地決定的。,Although Browder and Mandl define their nationality differently, both see their identity as a matter of personal choice, not an accident of birth.,D

43、R _ S_ whatever their…,Whatever their considerable differences, most Davos Men and Women share at least one belief: that globalization, the unimpeded flows of capital, labor and technology across national borders, is bot

44、h welcome and unstoppable.,1. Underline the main structure of the sentence.,most Davos Men and Women share … one belief: that Globalization,…,is both welcome and unstoppable.,2. Translate the sentence into Chinese,盡管與會男

45、女各不相同，但他們大多數(shù)有一個共同信念：全球化，亦即資本、勞動力和技術(shù)不受阻礙地跨國界流動，是值得歡迎和不可阻擋的。,D R _ S_ this disconnect …,This disconnect, he says, creates “a major cultural fault line.,The disconnection forms an important line dividing a culture into two

46、camps, which is likely to cause problems.,1. What can we infer from the sentence?,Years ago, people loved their country and considered national Identity important.,2. Paraphrase the sentence,D R _ S_ if the issue…,1. Wha

47、t does “that” refer to?,It refers to globalization.,2. Translate the sentence into Chinese,如果問題在于蛋糕怎么分，而你又是西方人，那你就會質(zhì)疑全球化。,“If the issue is how the pie is divided, if you’re in the Western world you could question that.”,

48、D R _ word _globalization,globalization: n. free flows of capital, labor, technology, and personal contact across national borders,Some see the spread of English as an international language as just another consequence o

49、f globalization.,Thanks to globalization, the burger you buy in Moscow is exactly the same as the one you buy in New York.,Globe 地球、球體,Global 球形的，全球的，全面的（A global view),Globalize 使全球化，全球化,D R _ word _sweep aside1,sweep

50、aside: clear away or get rid of suddenly or forcefully; refuse to pay attention to,他們對所有的反對意見不予理睬。,They swept all the objections aside.,Anyway, by then she was sure that Julius would simply have swept any curbs aside.,

51、D R _ word _ sweep aside2,Collocation：,掃清，迅速消滅,sweep away,掃掉， 清除,sweep out,眺望，環(huán)視,sweep over,打掃干凈，收拾干凈,sweep up,D R _ word _strengthen,strengthen: vt. become stronger or make strong(er),We must strengthen the weak links.,

52、The President’s first priority was to strengthen the economy.,en-或-en表示“使------”如：encourage enforce實(shí)施 soften sadden,D R _ word _asset1,asset: n.1) (usu pl) money or property that a person or

53、company owns,Copyrights, patents, trademarks, brand names, and trade secrets are all part of a company’s intangible assets.,目前，他們的資產(chǎn)有623萬美元。,Currently, they have $6,230,000 in assets.,2) an advantage or a resource,A sens

54、e of humor is an important asset for any teacher.,The most powerful asset we have is our skilled, dedicated workforce.,D R _ word _ asset2,Collocation：,資本/固定資產(chǎn),capital / fixed assets,現(xiàn)金資產(chǎn),cash assets,流動資產(chǎn),liquid/ circula

55、ting/ current assets,凈資產(chǎn),net assets,D R _ word _make on difference,make no / little difference: have no / little effect (on), be of no / little importance (to),That does not mean it makes no difference to social welfare

56、which rules we settle upon.,姚明的缺席似乎對休斯頓火箭隊沒有太大的影響。,The absence of Yao Ming seemed to make little difference to the performance of the Houston Rockets.,D R _ word _identify…as,identify… as: recognize and correctly name so

57、meone or sth.,His accent identified him as a Frenchman.,The policeman identified him as the thief.,D R _ word _elite,élite: n. a group of people who have a lot of power and influence because they have money, knowled

58、ge, or special skills,這些人構(gòu)成了有決定權(quán)的精英集團(tuán)。,These people form an elite who have the power to make decisions.,Collocation:,political/social/economic elite,政治/社會/經(jīng)濟(jì)精英,Only a small elite can afford to send their children to this

59、 school.,D R _ word _a handful of,a handful of: a very small number of people or things,That place was of little interest. I only took a handful of pictures.,What counts is having a handful of young that are exceptional.

60、,D R _ word _earnest1,earnest: adj. marked by or showing deep sincerity or seriousness,你可以笑，但我絕對是認(rèn)真的。,You may laugh but I’m in deadly earnest.,Collocation:,in earnest,鄭重地，嚴(yán)肅認(rèn)真,Friends described Jackson as an earnest, ha

61、rd-working young man.,earnest 指嚴(yán)肅，認(rèn)真，含誠懇和熱情意味。例如: serious 具有關(guān)鍵、嚴(yán)肅或嚴(yán)重意義的事情。例如:,D R _ word _earnest2,我們認(rèn)真考慮安全建議。,earnest, serious, severe這三個形容詞均有“嚴(yán)肅的”之意。,CF:,I could tell she was speaking in earnest.,我看得出來她的話是當(dāng)真的。,W

62、e give serious consideration to safety recommendations.,severe 指面孔的嚴(yán)肅，法律的嚴(yán)厲，傷病的嚴(yán)重。著重嚴(yán)厲性，無絲毫溫情。例如:,D R _ word _ earnest3,Many people feel the punishment should have been more severe.,許多人認(rèn)為懲罰本應(yīng)該更加嚴(yán)厲些。,D R _ word _conside

63、rable,considerable: adj. fairly large, especially large enough to have an effect or be important,Attracting tourists to the area is going to take considerable effort.,A considerable amount of research was done here by ou

64、r science department.,D R _ word _interconnect,interconnect: vi. connect to or with each other,Our operating system can now interconnect with other networks.,人們的生活是如何互相聯(lián)系在一起的, 真是不可思議。,It’s strange how people’s lives inte

65、rconnect.,D R _ word _advantageous,advantageous: adj. helpful and likely to make you successful,Many bus companies provide advantageous fare tickets especially for tourists.,你會發(fā)現(xiàn)等幾周再作答復(fù)是很有好處的。,You may find it advantageou

66、s to wait a few weeks before replying.,NB:,“advantageous” 的名詞形式為 “advantage”。與其搭配常用的短語是：“have the advantage of” “有優(yōu)勢”; “take advantage of” “（以不正當(dāng)手段）利用，占便宜”,D R _ word _entitle1,entitle: vt.1) give a title to 給…題名，給…取名,

67、Full-time employees are entitled to receive health insurance.,他們有資格享有許多優(yōu)惠和特權(quán)。,They are entitled to enjoy many advantages and privileges.,2) give someone the official right to do or have sth.,He entitled the book The Secr

68、et Garden.,She was reading a poem entitled Auguries of Innocence.,D R _ word _ entitle2,Pattern:,be entitled叫做, 稱為be entitled to (do) sth. 對…享有權(quán)利/有資格,D R _ word _vanish1,vanish: vi. disappear suddenly, especially in