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1、加強科技創(chuàng)新引領(lǐng)畜牧未來Strengthen the Innovation of Science and Technology Drive the prosperous future of Animal Science時建忠中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院畜牧研究所Jianzhong Shi Director of Institute of Animal Science Chinese Academy of Agricultural
2、 Sciences Beijing 100094, China,目 錄,中國畜牧科技現(xiàn)狀畜牧科技面臨的挑戰(zhàn)和任務(wù)畜牧科技發(fā)展方向和重點,ContentsCurrent situation of animal science and technology in ChinaChallenge and responsibility of animal science and technologyFuture direction
3、 and priority of animal science and technology,畜牧業(yè)在中國有悠久的歷史,早在新石器時代,人們就開始馴養(yǎng)豬、雞、狗,但發(fā)展一直很慢。1949年后,特別是改革開放20多年來,中國畜牧業(yè)快速發(fā)展,取得了舉世矚目的成就。1980年以來,世界肉類增量的50%,禽蛋增量的70%來自中國。2005年中國畜牧業(yè)總產(chǎn)值達(dá)到13000億元,占農(nóng)業(yè)總產(chǎn)值的35%,農(nóng)民增收的40%來自畜牧業(yè)的收入。畜牧業(yè)已成為
4、國民經(jīng)濟的重要組成部分。History of China’s animal husbandry Began with the Neolithic Age with low growth rate Experienced a rapid development since 1949, especially through year 1978 to 1998. Becoming an independent industry
5、and an important sector in the national economy. By 2005, the animal husbandry value accounted for 35% of gross agricultural value.,“科學(xué)技術(shù)是第一生產(chǎn)力”。中國畜牧業(yè)的快速發(fā)展,科學(xué)技術(shù)發(fā)揮了重要的作用,“畜禽水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖技術(shù)” 被中國工程院評為20世紀(jì)最偉大的科技成果之一,與兩彈一星相提并論。技術(shù)
6、進(jìn)步對中國畜牧業(yè)經(jīng)濟增長的貢獻(xiàn)率50% 。 Science and technology take great role in the rapid development of China’s animal husbandry. Science and Technology Progress contributes 50% to the animal husbandry economic growth. Animal hus
7、bandry techniques including were highlighted as one of the greatest Sci-tech achievements of 1990’s .,1 中國畜牧科技現(xiàn)狀1.1 建立了一支適應(yīng)畜牧生產(chǎn)需要,中央、地方并舉,科 研、教學(xué)、企業(yè)結(jié)合的科技隊伍和科研機構(gòu) 畜牧科技工作隨畜牧業(yè)的發(fā)展而發(fā)展,畜牧科技史就是畜牧業(yè)的發(fā)展史。1Situation of an
8、imal science and technology in China1.1 Powerful Institution and Research staff for Animal husbandryCentral governmentLocal governmentScientific researchEducationindustry,,Integration,歷史回顧1904:成立北洋馬醫(yī)學(xué)堂,改良馬和培養(yǎng)獸醫(yī)1
9、906:成立中央農(nóng)事實驗場,開展畜牧科研工作1912:設(shè)立第一、二、三種畜飼養(yǎng)場,開展種畜改良工作。1931:成立中央農(nóng)業(yè)實驗所畜牧獸醫(yī)系1933:中央種畜場1934: 中央農(nóng)業(yè)實驗所,設(shè)獸醫(yī)系1941:中央畜牧實驗所1948:東北行政委員會農(nóng)林處家畜防疫所 1957:中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院畜牧研究所Historical review1904:Viceroy's Horse Hospital Medical Sc
10、hool 1906:National central Agricultural Farm1912:The first three Breeding Stock Farm1931:Department of animal and veterinary science of the general institute of China Agricultural Research1933:The general breedi
11、ng farm1941: The general institute of animal Science 1957:Institute of Animal Science, CAAS,1.1.1機構(gòu)與人員中國畜牧科研資源集中分布于各類研究與開發(fā)機構(gòu)、企業(yè)和高等院校。2001年全國地市級以上(含地市級)具有法人地位的國有獨立的畜牧科研機構(gòu)125個,其中部(局)屬9個,省屬60個,地(市屬)56個。從業(yè)人員8145人。全國各類
12、大專院校有畜牧科研機構(gòu)70個,人員1226人,是畜牧科研又一支主要力量。1.1.1 Organization and staff members 125 regional and provincial independent institutes of animal science and 8145 staff 70 research departments within universities and colleges
13、and 1226 staff,1.1.2. 經(jīng)費經(jīng)費主要來源于政府財政撥款和非財政撥款 。 2001年科技經(jīng)費投入4.89億元,其中政府撥款3.06億元,占總經(jīng)費的62.46%。1.1.2 Funding SupportGovernment support and non- Government source In 2001, 489 million yuan(RMB) was input to Sci-Tch researc
14、h, among which there are 62.46% came from government side,1.1.3. 科技計劃畜牧科技計劃有20多個,涉及科技部、農(nóng)業(yè)部、財政部、發(fā)展計劃與改革委員會、教育部、國家自然基金委員會等國家多個部委。地方政府也設(shè)立了多項科技計劃.主要科技計劃有:“973”、“863”、”948”、 “國家自然科學(xué)基金”、 “社會公益性研究”、“科技攻關(guān)”、“國家科技資源平臺建設(shè)”、“科技成果轉(zhuǎn)
15、化”、 “跨越計劃”、“結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整專項”、“農(nóng)業(yè)高新技術(shù)示范工程”等。1.1.3 Sci-Tech Plans More than 20 specific Animal Sci-Tech Plans, sponsored made by MOST, MOA, MOF, NDRF, MOE, NNSFC, etc Major Sci-Tech Plans are 973, 863, 948, NNSF, Public benefit
16、 and service, National Sci-Tech project, etc,1.2 取得了大批科技成果,展現(xiàn)中國畜牧科技實力,1949年以來,全國累計取得畜牧類重要科技成果2000 多項,其中獲省部級以上獎勵的重大科技成果1100余項。中國美利奴羊、瘦肉型豬品種的培育,馬傳貧、豬瘟、口蹄疫、禽流感等疫苗的研制和動物血吸蟲病的控制,畜禽飼料營養(yǎng)價值評定和飼養(yǎng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的建立等方面成績顯著。1.2 Fruitful anima
17、l Sci-Tech achievementsMore than 2000 items of animal Sci-Tech achievements throughout China since 1949, among which 1100 items were awarded at ministry level.China has the priority in the following areas: Fine breeds
18、 ,like China Merino Sheep and lean-type pig breeds Effective animal epidemic disease Control System Feed and Feeing standard and evaluation system,1.2.1畜禽遺傳資源,1.2.1.1 資源調(diào)查 50年代:開始畜禽品種資源調(diào)查。 1976年:開展全國大規(guī)模畜禽品種資源調(diào)查,歷時九
19、年?;久埩巳珖蟛康貐^(qū)的品種資源狀況,出版了中國豬、牛、羊、家禽、馬驢五部品種志,各省還分別編輯出版了地方品種志 。 1995年:對西南、西北部的偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)進(jìn)行了畜禽品種資源補充調(diào)查,歷時4年,發(fā)現(xiàn)了79個新遺傳資源群體。1.2.1 Animal genetic resources1.2.1.1 Identification and investigation1950s, small scale investigation
20、of animal breeds1976-1985, finished editing China swine, bovine, sheep, poultry and horse breeds based on the national scale investigation of animal breeds 1995-1999, 79 new genetic accessions were discovered in south-
21、west and north-west area.,根據(jù)歷次品種資源調(diào)查及 “國家畜禽品種審定委員會”的審核,到 2001年中國畜禽遺傳資源有20個物種,576個品種和類群,其中地方品種(類群)為426個,培育品種有73個,引進(jìn)品種有77個By 2001, China has:More than 20 domestic animal species and 576 cultivars426 Local breeds 73 cu
22、ltivate breeds77 imported breeds,1.2.1.2 保護和利用開展了畜禽遺傳資源保護方法與技術(shù)的研究,建立了活體(原地和異地)、胚胎、細(xì)胞、基因保存多種形式并存的較為完善的保存體系。微衛(wèi)星等分子遺傳標(biāo)記的應(yīng)用為豬、雞、牛、羊等品種的起源與進(jìn)化研究及遺傳多樣性的保護提供了重要依據(jù)。畜禽遺傳資源平臺的建設(shè)也取得了重大進(jìn)展,畜禽種質(zhì)資源的分類標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、收集標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、描述標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、數(shù)據(jù)整理標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和質(zhì)量管理規(guī)范等已經(jīng)制訂
23、完成。1.2.1.2 Genetic resources preservation and utilizationEstablished efficient genetic resources conservation system, including by using living animals , embryo, cell and gene Application of Microsatellite DNA as Mol
24、ecular Genetic Marker studies on the origin, evolution and genetic diversity of animal species.Great progress has been made in the construction of platform for animal genetic resources, such as the established standards
25、 for classification, collection, inventory, data collection and quality management.,1.2.2 畜禽新品種培育和良種繁殖,1.2.2.1 新品種培育選育出了以“中國美利奴羊” 、“中國瘦肉型豬新品系”、 “中國荷斯坦?!?、“瘦肉型北京鴨”、“黃羽肉雞新品系”、“節(jié)糧型小型蛋雞”、“中國西門塔爾?!钡葹榇淼囊慌鷥?yōu)良畜禽新品種(系 )。目前,中國豬、奶牛
26、的良種覆蓋率分別達(dá)到97%、73%,蛋雞和白羽肉雞基本實現(xiàn)良種化。 1.2.2 Animal breeding and reproduction 1.2.2.1 new breed cultivation China Merino Sheep China Holstein cow Lean type beijing duckYellow-feather ChickenChinese Simmental CattleOf
27、all the pig and cattle, fine breed pig and cattle accounts for 97% and 73% respectively. Egg-laying poultry and broiler are nearly all fine breed.,,1.2.2.2 育種技術(shù)與理論分子標(biāo)記和標(biāo)記輔助育種方面,已篩選到豬和羊多胎基因、豬和雞肉品質(zhì)相關(guān)基因、豬和奶??共』蛟S多重要性狀基因的分子
28、標(biāo)記,定位了一些與生長、產(chǎn)肉、產(chǎn)奶性狀相關(guān)的QTL。目前豬的氟烷敏感基因分子診斷方法已被應(yīng)用于種豬選育與生產(chǎn),雞的矮小基因已在配套系選育中發(fā)揮作用,豬的高繁主基因,豬、雞肉質(zhì)性狀相關(guān)基因或其分子標(biāo)記也已被應(yīng)用于動物育種之中,標(biāo)志著中國分子育種技術(shù)水平進(jìn)入了一個新階段。1.2.2.2 Breeding theories and technologyBy using molecular marker and marker-assiste
29、d selection (MAS) breeding technology, several genes have been selected, such as in reproduction and meat quality research.,1.2.2.3 繁殖技術(shù) 胚胎移植、體外授精、牛羊胚胎性別鑒定、核移植、顯微授精、單克隆抗體和核酸探針、胚胎細(xì)胞克隆、體細(xì)胞克隆等高技術(shù)研究達(dá)到了較高水平,為加快制種速度、加大供種力度提供
30、了技術(shù)支撐。特別是人工授精、胚胎移植技術(shù)的推廣應(yīng)用,為品種改良發(fā)揮了重要作用。1.2.2.3 Reproduction technology Modern reproduction techniques, such as embryo transfer, in vitro fertilization, cattle and sheep embryo identification, nuclear transfer, micro-f
31、ertilization, monoclonal antibody technology, nucleic acid probe, embryo cell cloning, somatic cell cloning, have prompted the domestic animal reproduction progress.Especially the application and extension of artificial
32、 insemination and embryo transfer techniques has taken great role in livestock breed improvement.,1.2.3 動物營養(yǎng)與飼料,1.2.3.1 飼養(yǎng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 1986-1987發(fā)布了豬、雞、牛、羊國家飼養(yǎng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(后被調(diào)整為行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),“十五”期間又做了修訂,為飼料工業(yè)的興起及發(fā)展提供了技術(shù)支撐。1.2.3 Animal nutrition and
33、 feed science1.2.3.1 Feeding standardsSince 1970s, the research of animal nutrient requirements has been focused on swine, chick, bovine and sheep nutrition, and the feeding standards were issued accordingly. Feeding
34、standards offered the technical support and guidance for the rapid development of feed industry.,1.2.3.2 飼料營養(yǎng)價值評定:1958年,制訂了“暫行飼料分析法”。1959年,出版了«中國飼料營養(yǎng)成分表» 1984年,統(tǒng)一了豬、雞、反芻動物飼料營養(yǎng)價值評定方法,完成了“中國飼料成分及營養(yǎng)價值表”,并研制了“中國
35、飼料數(shù)據(jù)庫“,在中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院畜牧研究所建立了“中國飼料數(shù)據(jù)庫情報網(wǎng)中心”。1.2.3.2 Feed nutrient evaluation1958: Temporary feed analysis method1959: Chinese feed nutrient composition table1984: Chinese feed database and information center in IAS/CAA
36、S,1.2.3.3 飼料檢測技術(shù):已建立飼料原料、飼料產(chǎn)品和部分飼料添加劑的常規(guī)營養(yǎng)成分、微量營養(yǎng)成分、毒素和特殊成分的檢測方法和檢測技術(shù),形成了覆蓋全國的質(zhì)量監(jiān)測體系。轉(zhuǎn)基因飼料的檢驗方法的研究,實現(xiàn)對轉(zhuǎn)基因飼料的有效監(jiān)控1.2.3.3 The technique of feed checking and analysis The methods and techniques has been set up for feed
37、nutrient composition of raw feed materials, feed products and some feed additives . Inspection for gene-modified feed,1.2.3.4 飼料添加劑研制與應(yīng)用:10多年前中國絕大多數(shù)飼料添加劑產(chǎn)品幾乎全部依賴進(jìn)口。目前所有維生素產(chǎn)品都已國產(chǎn)化 ,而且部分產(chǎn)品大量出口。 有的生產(chǎn)技術(shù)如維生素 B2、植酸酶等處于國際領(lǐng)先水平。
38、近年來新開發(fā)出益生素、寡糖、酶制劑、酸化劑、肽、免疫增強劑、植物提取物等添加劑。1.2.3.4 Study on feed additive and its applicationChina imported most of the feed additives 10 years agoFeed vitamins produced in China and export nowadaysNew feed additives ha
39、ve been developed in recent years, such as prebiotics, oligosaccharide ,enzymes, peptide, and plant extraction, etc,1.2.4 牧草品種選育及草地改良,1.2.4.1 牧草品種選育通過不同的育種技術(shù)和方法,培育出一批適于中國不同生態(tài)地區(qū)種植的優(yōu)良牧草品種,到2003年底,經(jīng)國家牧草育種委員會審定的牧草和飼料作物新品種共有
40、268個。其中,新育成的108個,地方品種40個,引進(jìn)品種76個,野生馴化28個。1.2.4 Pasture and feed crops1.2.4.1 forage breeding Cultivation of new fine breed grasses varieties, which are suitable for different ecosystem, by using different breeding tec
41、hniques and methods.268 new cultivars have been examined and approved since 2003, among which 108 are newly cultivated, 40 are local breeds,76 are imported and 28 are trained breeds.,1.2.4.2 草地改良在退化沙化、堿化、草地改良,草地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)以及草
42、地配套技術(shù)的研究方面均取得重大成果。應(yīng)用遙感技術(shù)開展草地資源調(diào)查 、雪災(zāi)、火災(zāi)和草地資源動態(tài)監(jiān)測。開展草原火發(fā)生規(guī)律和草原火管理方面的研究,發(fā)現(xiàn)了無樹草原火周期研究方法, 解決了長期以來無樹草原只能根據(jù)經(jīng)驗估測火周期的方法。 1.2.4.2 Grassland improvement Study for Complementary techniques in grassland improvement Application o
43、f Remote Sensing Techniques in investigation and dynamic inspect of germplasm resources, natural disaster. Establishment and management of artificial pastures,1.3 科技創(chuàng)新,支撐了畜牧業(yè)高速發(fā)展1.3.1畜牧業(yè)持續(xù)增長,meat,egg,milk,1.3 Sci-Te
44、ch renovation supports a highly grow rate of animal husbandry1.3.1 Sustainable development of animal husbandry,Yield/year 10,000 tons,Aquatic products,Crop,Meat,Egg,Grow rate,1.3.2 畜牧業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)布局逐步優(yōu)化,規(guī)?;接?所提高年出欄50頭豬:34%
45、年出欄2000只雞:74.2%飼養(yǎng)5頭奶牛: 55.2%規(guī)?;B(yǎng)殖小區(qū):40000個1.3.2 Animal husbandry structure optimized gradually, and industrialization level improved steadily,Meat structure,%,chicken,Beef and mutton,pork,Proportion of Anim
46、al products produced in major areas,pork,beef,mutton,milk,chicken,eggs,1.3.3畜牧生產(chǎn)性能提高,增加了農(nóng)民收入以飼料工業(yè)發(fā)展為例,推廣一噸配合飼料,養(yǎng)殖業(yè)增收200元。2005年,生產(chǎn)1億噸,增加收入200億元1.3.3 Improved animal productivity and increased farms’ income,10年間豬雞生產(chǎn)性能比較
47、productivity Comparison between pigs and chicken in the last 10 years,2 面臨的挑戰(zhàn)和任務(wù),2.1中國畜牧業(yè)發(fā)展面臨的主要問題市場相對飽和,產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)性過剩產(chǎn)品科技含量低,市場競爭能力弱獸醫(yī)保護薄弱,畜禽死亡率高飼料資源不足,利用效率不高加工基礎(chǔ)薄弱,畜產(chǎn)品附加值低生態(tài)及生產(chǎn)環(huán)境惡化,可持續(xù)發(fā)展面臨著挑戰(zhàn)2 Challenge and responsib
48、ility 2.1 Problems in the development of China’s animal husbandry Relative saturated market ,and surplus of low level animal productsLow Sci-Tech products with a poor ability market competitivenessinsufficient veteri
49、nary protection system lead to a high animal death rate Insufficient feed resources and lower feed utilizationweak processing sector producing lower value-added products With the deterioration of ecosystem and produc
50、tion environment, sustainable animal husbandry are facing challenge,2.2 國民經(jīng)濟發(fā)展對畜牧業(yè)提出新的要求 努力提高質(zhì)量和安全,大力開發(fā)優(yōu)質(zhì)多樣化畜產(chǎn)品積極推進(jìn)產(chǎn)業(yè)化經(jīng)營,帶領(lǐng)小農(nóng)戶適應(yīng)大市場努力降低生產(chǎn)成本,提高勞動生產(chǎn)效率提高產(chǎn)品科技含量,增強國際市場競爭能力合理利用資源,改善生態(tài)環(huán)境,實現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展。2.2 New demand for animal
51、 husbandry according to the development of national economyEnhancing the food quality and safety, to develop the quality animal products Advancing the industrialized management, lead small farmers to adapt the global
52、marketReducing the cost and increasing the productivityImproving the high Sci-Tech products to adapt the competitive marketUtilizing resources properly, improving the ecosystem so as to maintain a sustainable developm
53、ent,2010-2030年中國肉類、禽蛋和奶預(yù)計產(chǎn)量,單位:萬噸,千克 Unit: 10,000 tons or kg,2.3高速發(fā)展的畜牧業(yè),需要強大的科技支撐,2.3 Advanced animal husbandry needs stronger Sci-Tech support,3.1 畜牧科技發(fā)展目標(biāo)適應(yīng)中國畜牧業(yè)已經(jīng)初步擺脫了畜產(chǎn)品嚴(yán)重短缺,畜牧業(yè)生產(chǎn)已由傳統(tǒng)的只注重產(chǎn)量增長目標(biāo)向質(zhì)量和產(chǎn)量并重轉(zhuǎn)變和向增加國際競爭
54、能力、有效保護生態(tài)環(huán)境方面轉(zhuǎn)變的需要;針對當(dāng)前中國畜牧業(yè)在安全、質(zhì)量、資源、環(huán)境方面面臨的重大挑戰(zhàn);為建設(shè)一個質(zhì)量效益俱佳、生產(chǎn)加工并重、富有國際競爭力、現(xiàn)代化水平較高的新型畜牧業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)體系提供技術(shù)支撐。3 Future direction and priority of animal science and technology3.1 The goal of animal science and technologyto tra
55、nsform the way of economic growth from the traditional extensive animal husbandry to the modern intensive sustainable one to enhance the food safety and quality, sustainablely utilize the resources and consider the en
56、vironmental implications to construct a newly supportive animal husbandry industry with emphasis on the balance of the quality, productivity, processing ,high Sci-Tech and value-added animal products,3 科技發(fā)展方向和重點研究內(nèi)容,,3.
57、2戰(zhàn)略任務(wù)以畜牧科技原始創(chuàng)新和畜牧發(fā)展中的重大關(guān)鍵技術(shù)為重點,對傳統(tǒng)養(yǎng)殖技術(shù)進(jìn)行改造和升級,盡快建立優(yōu)質(zhì)高效集約化的現(xiàn)代養(yǎng)殖體系,提高重大動物疫病控制能力,促進(jìn)傳統(tǒng)養(yǎng)殖業(yè)向現(xiàn)代養(yǎng)殖業(yè)的快速轉(zhuǎn)變,從根本上解決中國畜牧業(yè)發(fā)展面臨的資源制約問題、質(zhì)量安全問題、生態(tài)安全問題和動物疫病控制問題。3.2 Strategic responsibility Centering on the original innovation and key
58、 technology in animal husbandry Modifying and updating the traditional feeding techniques Constructing the qualified effectively modern feeding system Enhancing the ability to control infectious disease Transformin
59、g from traditional animal industry to modern animal husbandry Solving the problems related to the limitations of resources for animal husbandry, food safety and quality, environmental safety and animal disease,3.3發(fā)展方向
60、,3.3.1 畜禽育種3.3.1.1 方向系統(tǒng)性地在分子水平上開展畜禽遺傳資源的鑒定評價和創(chuàng)新利用研究,重點發(fā)掘優(yōu)異的新材料、新基因,走發(fā)掘與引進(jìn)相結(jié)合的道路以畜禽生產(chǎn)能力的提高作為最基本的育種目標(biāo),通過不斷提高品種生產(chǎn)力保障畜產(chǎn)品供給將優(yōu)質(zhì)、專用化新品種作為畜禽育種創(chuàng)新的重點 加強高新技術(shù)在育種技術(shù)中的應(yīng)用研究,通過育種技術(shù)的升級,實現(xiàn)高新技術(shù)的實用化、高效化和安全化,大幅度地提高畜禽育種效率,增加畜禽品種的科技含量。3.
61、3 Future direction3.3.1 Breeding3.3.1.1 directionConducting the systematic study on the genetic resources identification and evaluation by using molecular technologyImproving the potential productivity through breedi
62、ngDeveloping fine animal breed and specialized breed Integrating new technology into animal breeding techniques,畜禽育種技術(shù)將實現(xiàn)三個轉(zhuǎn)變育種目標(biāo):高產(chǎn)?高產(chǎn)+優(yōu)質(zhì)+專用 育種技術(shù):常規(guī)育種?常規(guī)育種+分子育種畜禽品種:高產(chǎn)型?高產(chǎn)+優(yōu)質(zhì)+專用+資源高效型+環(huán)境友好型Great changes will take
63、place in animal breeding :Breeding goals: high productivity + high qualified + specializedBreeding techniques: traditional techniques + molecular techniquesAnimal breeds: high productivity + high qualifie
64、d + specialized + effectiveness + environmental friendly breeds,3.3.1.2 重點內(nèi)容畜禽優(yōu)良種質(zhì)資源的發(fā)掘與創(chuàng)新 畜禽種質(zhì)資源的分子解析和精細(xì)評價核心種質(zhì)的構(gòu)建及優(yōu)異功能基因的挖掘畜禽資源長期安全保存的技術(shù)研究畜禽種質(zhì)重要性狀鑒定測試技術(shù)和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的研究畜禽種質(zhì)資源信息管理系統(tǒng)的完善。,3.3.1.2 Major contentDev
65、eloping and innovating of fine breed germplasm resourcesMolecular analysis and evaluation of germplasm resourcesConstruction of key germplasmDeveloping fine functional gene(s)Study on long term and safe preservation
66、of germplasm resourcesIdentification techniques and standards for the important properties Accomplish the germplasm resources information management system,畜禽育種新技術(shù)研究畜禽快速、準(zhǔn)確、高效的轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)研究分子標(biāo)記輔助育種技術(shù)的研究畜禽抗病遺傳規(guī)律及其鑒定技術(shù)的研究
67、畜禽品質(zhì)遺傳規(guī)律和分析技術(shù)的研究畜禽誘變育種、細(xì)胞工程育種技術(shù)的研究。,Study on the new breeding technologyRapid , accurate and highly efficient gene transferMolecular marker breeding techniquesThe genetic rule of animal antidisease and identification
68、 techniquesThe genetic rule of quality and analysis techniquesInduced mutation breeding and cell technology breeding techniques,高產(chǎn)、優(yōu)質(zhì)、專用新品種(系)選育及配套系開發(fā) 在種質(zhì)創(chuàng)新和育種技術(shù)升級的基礎(chǔ)上,培育出一批畜禽新品種(系)選育及配套系,使中國豬、禽飼養(yǎng)基本實現(xiàn)良種化,豬、蛋雞、奶牛的生產(chǎn)性能達(dá)
69、到國際先進(jìn)水平。,Cultivating and selecting the fine breeds with high productivity, high quality and specializationTo develop the fine breed breeding system based on the Innovation of animal germplasm and updating of breeding te
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