水文地質(zhì)(上)

1、LessonSixSpringsAspringisaconcentrateddisgeofgroundwaterappearingatthegroudsurfaceasacurrentofflowingwater.Tobedistinguishedfromseepageareaswhichindicateaslowermovementofgroundwatertothegroundsurface(1).Waterinseepageare

2、asmaypondevapateflowdependinguponthemagnitudeoftheseepagetheclimatethetopography.Springsoccurinmanyfmshavebeenclassifiedastocauserockstructuredisgetemperatruevariability.Bryandividedallspringsinto(a)thoseresultingfromnon

3、gravitationalfces(b)thoseresultingfromgravitationalfces.Underthefmercategyareincludevolcanicspringsassociatedwithvolcanicrocksfissurespringsresultingfromfracturesextendingtogreatdepthsintheearth’scrust(2).Suchspringsareu

4、suallythermalinthattheirwatertemperatureexceedsthatofthenmallocalgroundwater(3).Ofthegravityspringswhichresultfromwaterflowingunderhydrostaticpressurethefollowingtypesarerecognized(4):depressionsprings—fmedwherethelsurfa

5、ceintersectsthewatertable(5)contactsprings—createdbyapermeablewaterbearingfmationoverlyingalesspermeablefmationwhichintersectsthegroundsurface(6)artesiansprings—resultingfromreleasesofwaterunderpressurefromconfinedaquife

6、rseitheratanoutcrpooftheaquiferthroughanopeningintheconfiningbedtubularfracturesprings—issuingfromroundedchannelssuchaslavatubessolutionchannelsfracuresinimpermeablerockconnectingwithagroundwatersupply.詞匯concentrated????

7、??????????a.集中的appear??????vi.出現(xiàn)，出露current???????n.流，水流flowing???????a.流動(dòng)的distinguishdis????????vt.vi.區(qū)別，辨別seepage????????n.滲出，滲流pondp???n.池塘；vt.vi.堵水成池magnitude???????????n.量，數(shù)量，大小topography??????????n.地形，地勢(shì)classify????

8、?????vt.把…分類cause????n.原因，起因；vt.是發(fā)生引起either……不是…就是…，或者…或者…注釋1.本句不是完整句，tobedistinguishedfromseepageareas為不定式短語(yǔ)，帶一個(gè)which引出的定語(yǔ)從句修飾短語(yǔ)中的seepageareas。這個(gè)不完整的“句子”實(shí)際上是下一段落的目的狀語(yǔ)。這樣的處理方法處于作者修辭的需要。2.處于句首的介詞短語(yǔ)underthefmercategy為句中的狀語(yǔ)

9、部分。areincluded為句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）。主語(yǔ)為volcanicsprings…fissuresprings…。在帶有定語(yǔ)的主語(yǔ)較長(zhǎng)而謂語(yǔ)很短，或?yàn)榱似饛?qiáng)調(diào)作用，往往構(gòu)成諸位顛倒的倒裝句。3.suchspringsareusuallythermalinthattheirwatertemperatureexceedsthatofthenmallocalgroundwater。此句中的inthat是固定的連接詞詞組，所引出的是

10、原因狀語(yǔ)從句，這是that的特殊用法，inthat作“因?yàn)椤苯狻＞淠〆xceedsthat…的that一詞是指示代詞，作動(dòng)詞exceeds的賓語(yǔ)，用以避免重復(fù)watertemperature。4.Ofthegravitysprings為句中狀語(yǔ)，介詞of表示部分與整體的關(guān)系，作“在…中”解。which所引導(dǎo)的是非限定性定語(yǔ)從句。5.wherethelsurfaceintersectsthewatertable為地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句。6.現(xiàn)在分詞

11、短語(yǔ)overlyingalesspermeablefmationwhichintersectsthegroundsurface為waterbearingfmation的定語(yǔ)。分詞短語(yǔ)中還包括一個(gè)由which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，修飾alesspermeablefmation。譯文第六課泉泉是地下水以水流形式出露在地表的集中排泄。泉與滲流帶不同，滲流帶表明地下水向地表的緩慢流動(dòng)。滲流帶的水可以匯聚成塘，蒸發(fā)或流走，這取決于滲流量的大小、氣候，以