businesseconomics商業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)essay范文

1、BusinessEconomics商業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)essay范文最重要的方面是國(guó)際貿(mào)易商業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)各國(guó)之間在很大程度上取決于彼此買賣產(chǎn)品在世界市場(chǎng)的要求BusinessEconomics經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的橘色目錄介紹1。供給和需求是如何影響匯率的外幣嗎2。了解各種貿(mào)易壁壘制度的有效性這些實(shí)體實(shí)施制裁3。積極影響增加經(jīng)濟(jì)效益的歐洲聯(lián)盟結(jié)論書目介紹其中一個(gè)最重要的方面是國(guó)際貿(mào)易商業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)各國(guó)之間在很大程度上取決于彼此買賣產(chǎn)品在世界市場(chǎng)的要求。身為交換貨物和服

2、務(wù)的國(guó)家之間、國(guó)際貿(mào)易的基礎(chǔ)是世界經(jīng)濟(jì)給予一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)讓各種生產(chǎn)銷售商品而不是利潤(rùn)國(guó)外受國(guó)家邊界。然而國(guó)際貿(mào)易不僅有利于單一生產(chǎn)者它也會(huì)利用不同的國(guó)家作為一個(gè)整體。例如一個(gè)國(guó)家擁有無顯著的自然資源如煤和天然氣將能夠在世界市場(chǎng)上購(gòu)買使用金錢它獲得例如從銷售輕工產(chǎn)品。有多個(gè)國(guó)家開展國(guó)際貿(mào)易的原因。最重要的原因是降低生產(chǎn)成本在一些地區(qū)缺乏礦產(chǎn)資源專門的行業(yè)分散的位置不同口味和別人。國(guó)際貿(mào)易已相當(dāng)長(zhǎng)的歷史然而它實(shí)現(xiàn)了重要性比率最高的國(guó)家在最近幾年由

3、于全球化的進(jìn)程導(dǎo)致該開放邊界和商品和服務(wù)的自由流通。國(guó)際貿(mào)易發(fā)展產(chǎn)生的影響許多國(guó)家的一種積極的態(tài)度但是不可否認(rèn)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的世界貿(mào)易countriesmembers是美國(guó)和歐盟。比例的產(chǎn)品的供給和需求決定了在世界市場(chǎng)波動(dòng)的匯率這是不同的國(guó)家的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵指標(biāo)顯示出的經(jīng)濟(jì)水平穩(wěn)定的國(guó)家。國(guó)家相對(duì)公司匯率(匯率波動(dòng)這在一定邊界)通常比那些更好的發(fā)展其匯率是不斷變化的?；靵y盡管所有的正面影響國(guó)際貿(mào)易有一定的缺點(diǎn)的國(guó)際貿(mào)易對(duì)于某些群體的國(guó)家為了消除這些

4、負(fù)面影響國(guó)家的貿(mào)易壁壘消除處以一定數(shù)量的進(jìn)口商品或刺激出口。建立歐盟和世界貿(mào)易組織國(guó)際貿(mào)易已收到更多的注意力從政府和企業(yè)他們正試圖盡他們最大的努力來獲得利潤(rùn)。TableofContentsIntroductionmuchmoneyresidentsofthecountrypayfthegoodsthatarebeingimptedhowmuchmoneytheywillgetfthegoodsthatarebeingexpted.Inc

5、asewhenthevalueofthecurrencydecreasespeoplehavetopaymeftheimptedgoodswhichbecomemeexpensiveinrelationtothevalueofthecurrency.Insuchasituationacountrywillhavetoreducetheamountoftheimptedgoods.Onthecontraryfeigncountrieste

6、ndtopurchasemeofthecountry’sgoodsbecausetheybecomelessexpensivewhichresultsintheincreaseofexpts.Fmanyyearseconomistshavebeentryingtostudythenatureoftheexchangeratesindertofindoutwhatfactsinfluenceit.Howeverin1944represen

7、tativesofindustrializedcountrieswhometinBrettonWoodsNewHampshiredecidedto“fixtherateofexchangefallfeigncurrenciestotheU.S.dollar”[6]totiedollartothegoldindertohaveafixedpriceofit.Atthattimeitwasconsideredthatfixedexchang

8、erateoftheU.S.dollarwillprovideinternationalstability.Howeverthesystemdidnotwkindeedcausedafasterpaceofinflationinthefeigncountries.Accdingtotheauthsofthebook“ExchangeRateDynamics:ANewOpenEconomyMacroeconomicsPerspective

9、”“Exchangeratedeterminationhasbeenthe“holygrail”ofinternationalfinancemacroeconomicseversincethecollapseoftheBrettonWoodsregimein1971theensuingperiodofhighexchangeratevolatility”[3].Nowadaystheexchangerateofthemajityofwl

10、dcurrenciesisfloatingwhichmeansthatthereisnoexactvalueofanycurrencythatisfixeditischangingduetothemultiplefacts.Majfactsinfluencingtheexchangerateofanycurrencyisthesupplydemofthegivencurrencyattheinternationalexchangemar

11、ketswhicharemarketswhereonecurrencyistradedintoanotherone.Besidessupplydemofcurrencyotherfactsalsoinfluenceitsexchangeratewhichinclude:interestrateinflationinvestmenttradebalanceothers.Nogovernmentcancontrolexchangerateo

12、fanycurrencyhoweverthepricesoffeigncurrenciesareestablishedattheFEX(feignexchange)marketbymeansofthelawsofsupplydem.Pricefanycurrencyisdeterminedbytheagents’desirewhoparticipateinFEXtopurchasesellgivencurrencyaimingatmak

13、ingprofitduringsuchtransactions.Fluctuationofexchangeratescomplieswiththelawsofsupplydemofmoney.Fexampleaccdingtothelawofsupplyifthepricefcurrencyincreasesitsquantityofferedtosellinthemarketwillalsoincreaseonthecontraryi

14、fpricedeclinesthequantityofferedwilldecrease.Accdingtothelawofdemifthepricefmoneyrisesthedemfitwilldeclinewhileitwillrisetogetherwiththedecreaseofpricesfcurrency.ThesetwoprinciplesdeterminepricefluctuationattheFEXmarket.

15、Howeverexchangerateisnotonlyrelatedtosupplydemofmoney.Italsocloselyinteractswiththesupplydemoffeigngoodsserviceswhicharetradedattheinternationalmarket.FexampleifthepriceoffeigncurrencywillbelowerinU.S.dollarsit“willlower

16、thepriceoffeigngoodstoU.S.residentsraiseimpts[2]itwillalso“raisethepriceofU.S.goodstofeignerslowerexpts”[2].2.UnderstingVariousTypesofTradeBarrierstheEffectivenessofInstitutionalEntitiesWhichImposeThemBefenamingexplainin

17、gvarioustypesoftradebarriersitisnecessarytodeterminethemeaningofatradebarrier.Tradebarriersareknowntobegovernmentlawsregulationspoliciespracticeswhicharedesignedtorestricttheamountvarietyofimptedgoodswiththegoaltoprotect