語言的生物基礎(chǔ)周圍神經(jīng)腦神經(jīng)

1、語言的生物基礎(chǔ),顧介鑫2010.03-06,2,3,,中樞N.S. Central N.S.,周圍N.S.Peripheral N.S.,,腦 brain,脊髓 spinal cord,,腦神經(jīng)cranial nerves,脊神經(jīng)spinal nerves,自主神經(jīng) autonomic nerves,神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的區(qū)分,4,腦神經(jīng),Cranial Nerves,5,?12對腦神經(jīng)的名稱 及序數(shù),Ⅰ嗅、Ⅱ視、Ⅲ動(dòng)眼；

2、 Ⅳ滑、Ⅴ叉、Ⅵ外展； Ⅶ面、Ⅷ聽、Ⅸ舌咽； 迷、副、舌下神經(jīng)全。,腦神經(jīng)概述,6,腦神經(jīng)的分類：,腦神經(jīng)概述,Ⅰ.嗅神經(jīng)、Ⅱ.視神經(jīng)、Ⅷ.前庭蝸神經(jīng),Ⅴ.三叉神經(jīng)、Ⅶ.面神經(jīng)、Ⅸ.舌咽神經(jīng)、Ⅹ.迷走神經(jīng),Ⅲ.動(dòng)眼神經(jīng)、Ⅳ.滑車神經(jīng)、Ⅵ.展神經(jīng)、Ⅺ.副神經(jīng)、Ⅻ.舌下神經(jīng),7,感覺性腦神經(jīng),鼻腔嗅部黏膜內(nèi)嗅細(xì)胞,篩孔,嗅球,Ⅰ.嗅神經(jīng) olfactory n.,,8,Ⅱ

3、.視神經(jīng) optic n.,視網(wǎng)膜神經(jīng)節(jié)細(xì)胞,,視神經(jīng),,視神經(jīng)管,,視交叉,損傷表現(xiàn)：全盲,感覺性腦神經(jīng),9,Ⅷ. 前庭蝸神經(jīng) vestibulocochlear n.,壺腹嵴球囊斑橢圓囊斑,,前庭神經(jīng)節(jié),,前庭神經(jīng),螺旋器,,蝸神經(jīng)節(jié),,蝸神經(jīng),,內(nèi)耳門,,腦橋（腦橋延髓溝）,,感覺性腦神經(jīng),10,Ⅲ.動(dòng)眼神經(jīng)oculomotor n.,中腦腳間窩,,海綿竇,,眶上裂,眶,,,,眼球外?。ㄉ闲奔?、外直

4、肌除外）,睫狀神經(jīng)節(jié),,睫狀肌、瞳孔括約肌,,運(yùn)動(dòng)性腦神經(jīng),11,Ⅳ.滑車神經(jīng) trochlear n.,中腦背側(cè),海綿竇,,眶上裂,,眶,,上斜肌,,,運(yùn)動(dòng)性腦神經(jīng),12,Ⅵ.展神經(jīng) abducent n.,海綿竇,,,外直肌,,眶上裂,眶,延髓腦橋溝,,運(yùn)動(dòng)性腦神經(jīng),13,Ⅺ.副神經(jīng) accessory n.,顱根纖維,,,頸靜脈孔,顱根、脊髓根,脊髓根纖維,,,迷走n.,,咽喉肌,斜方肌胸鎖乳突肌,,損傷表現(xiàn)： 頭屈向健

5、側(cè)，面轉(zhuǎn)向患側(cè),運(yùn)動(dòng)性腦神經(jīng),14,Ⅻ.舌下神經(jīng) hypoglosal n.,延髓前外側(cè)溝,,舌下神經(jīng)管,頸內(nèi)動(dòng)、靜脈之間,,頦舌肌,,舌內(nèi)、外肌,損傷表現(xiàn)： 伸舌時(shí)，舌尖偏向患側(cè),運(yùn)動(dòng)性腦神經(jīng),15,?Ⅴ.三叉神經(jīng) trigeminal n.,腦橋與小腦中腳交界處,,,,,眼神經(jīng),上頜神經(jīng),下頜神經(jīng),混合性腦神經(jīng),16,三叉神經(jīng),? 眼神經(jīng) ophthalmic n.,穿海綿竇,,眶上裂,,眶,,淚腺、眼瞼、眼球、篩竇、鼻腔

6、黏膜及鼻背皮膚,額神經(jīng),,眶上切跡（孔）,,眶上神經(jīng),,額頂部皮膚,17,三叉神經(jīng),?上頜神經(jīng) maxillary n.,穿海綿竇,,圓孔,,翼腭窩,,眶下裂,,眶,眶下神經(jīng),,眶下溝、管,,眶下孔,,眼裂與口裂之間皮膚,18,三叉神經(jīng),?下頜神經(jīng) mandibular n.,卵圓孔,,顳下窩,,,,,耳顳神經(jīng),咀嚼肌神經(jīng),舌神經(jīng),下牙槽神經(jīng),,下頜孔,下頜管,,,頦孔,,頦N.,,下唇及頦部皮膚,19,?Ⅶ.面神經(jīng) facial n

7、.,內(nèi)耳門,,,面深部,,內(nèi)耳道,面神經(jīng)管,延髓腦橋溝,,莖乳孔,,面神經(jīng)管內(nèi)的分支,,,,鼓索,巖大神經(jīng),鐙骨肌神經(jīng),,舌神經(jīng),,下頜下腺、舌下腺,,,翼腭神經(jīng)節(jié),,淚腺、腭及鼻甲黏膜腺,下頜下神經(jīng)節(jié),混合性腦神經(jīng),20,? Ⅶ.面神經(jīng) facial n.,顱外的分支（穿腮腺實(shí)質(zhì)）,,,,顳 支,,,顴 支,頰 支,下頜緣支,頸 支,,表情肌,損傷表現(xiàn)： 患側(cè)鼻唇溝變淺，口角偏向健側(cè)。,混合性腦神經(jīng),21,? Ⅸ.舌

8、咽神經(jīng) glossopharyngeal n.,頸內(nèi)動(dòng)靜脈之間,,,頸靜脈孔,延髓欖后溝,,舌根,耳神經(jīng)節(jié),腮腺,,,頸動(dòng)脈竇、小球,,咽、咽肌,,舌后1/3黏膜和味蕾,,鼓室,鼓室、咽鼓管,,巖小神經(jīng),,,混合性腦神經(jīng),22,?Ⅹ.迷走神經(jīng) vagus n.,,頸靜脈孔,延髓后外側(cè)溝,左迷走神經(jīng),右迷走神經(jīng),,肺根后方,食管前叢,,,前干,,,食管后叢,,后干,,,膈食管裂孔,,腹腔,混合性腦神經(jīng),

9、23,頸部分支,喉上神經(jīng),胸部分支,喉返神經(jīng),腹部分支,?Ⅹ.迷走神經(jīng) vagus n.,混合性腦神經(jīng),24,頸部分支,喉上神經(jīng),,內(nèi)支,外支,,,,聲門裂以上喉黏膜、會(huì)厭、舌根,環(huán)甲肌、甲狀腺,胸部分支,喉返神經(jīng),,右側(cè)繞鎖骨下動(dòng)脈,左側(cè)繞主動(dòng)脈弓,,,,頸部氣管、食管間,,運(yùn)動(dòng)纖維,感覺纖維,,,喉內(nèi)肌,,聲門裂以下喉黏膜,腹部分支：胃、小腸、盲腸、升結(jié)腸、橫結(jié)腸、肝、脾、胰,前干,后干,,,胃前支、肝支,,胃后支、腹腔支,?Ⅹ.迷

10、走神經(jīng) vagus n.,混合性腦神經(jīng),25,Cranial nerve,26,27,28,29,Ⅰ. olfactory n. Ⅱ. optic n.Ⅲ. oculomotor n.Ⅳ. trochlear n.Ⅴ. trigeminal n.Ⅵ. abducent n. Ⅶ. facial n.Ⅷ. vestibulocochlear n.Ⅸ. glossopharygeal n.