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1、IXX大學大學XX學院學院畢業(yè)設計畢業(yè)設計(論文論文)外文翻譯外文翻譯學生姓名:學生姓名:XXX院(系):院(系):XXXXX學院學院專業(yè)專業(yè)班級:XXX班指導教師:XXX完成日期:完成日期:X年X月X日1外文資料外文資料FinancesmallmediumsizedenterpriseindevelopingcountriesCookPaulReviewInterestintheroleofsmallmediumsizedenterp

2、rises(SME)inthedevelopmentprocesscontinuestobeinthefefrontofpolicydebatesindevelopingcountries.TheadvantagesclaimedfSMEsarevariousincluding:theencouragementofentrepreneurshipthegreaterlikelihoodthatSMEswillutilizelabinte

3、nsivetechnologiesthushaveanimmediateimpactonemploymentgenerationthefactthattheycanusuallybeestablishedrapidlyputintooperationtoproducequickreturnstheabilityofSMEdevelopmenttoencouragetheprocessofbothinterintraregionaldec

4、entralizationthenotionthattheymaybecomeacountervailingfceagainsttheeconomicpoweroflargerenterprises.MegenerallythedevelopmentofSMEsisseenasacceleratingtheachievementofwidereconomicsocioeconomicobjectivesincludingpovertya

5、lleviation.RelevanttheyitsdevelopmentStaleyMse(1965p.318)identifya`developmentalapproachtoSMEpromotionwhichhasasitsobjectivethecreationof“economicallyviableenterpriseswhichcanstontheirownfeetwithoutperpetualsubsidycanmak

6、eapositivecontributiontothegrowthofrealincometherefetobetterlivinglevels.“ThisapproachemphasizestheimptanceofefficiencyinnewSMEs.Smallproducersmustbeencouragedtoadoptnewmethodstomoveintonewlinesofproductioninthelongerrun

7、whereverfeasiblebeencouragedtobecomemediumevenlargescaleproducers.Unftunatelytheempiricalevidenceontherelationbetweenefficiencyfirmsizeisratherinconclusive.LittleMazumdarPage(1987)reptedtechnicalefficiencydoesnotvarysyst

8、ematicallywithfirmsize.AcollectionofstudiesfoundefficiencywaslowerinsmallerfirmsCtesBerryGoldar(1988).OppositeconclusionscanbedrawnfromthetwelvecountrystudiesbyLiedholmMead(1987).Merecentconcernsassociatedwiththegrowthef

9、ficiencyofsmallerenterpriseshavealsobecomeprominent(1997).UsingthecaseofNthernItalyPieSabel(1984)havearguedthatsmallenterprisesaremeefficientbecausetheyhaveadoptedaflexiblespecializationapproach.Crespondinglytherehasbeen

10、growinginterestinwhetherthismodelhasbeencanbereplicatedindevelopingcountries(Schmitz1989Pederson1994SchmitzSchmitz1995).Theroleoffinancehasbeenviewedasacriticalelementfthedevelopmentofsmallmediumsizedenterprises.Previous

11、studieshavehighlightedthelimitedaccesstofinancialresourcesavailabletosmallerenterprisescomparedtolargerganizationstheconsequencesftheirgrowthdevelopment(Levy1993).Typicallysmallerenterprisesfacehighertransactioncoststhan

12、largerenterprisesinobtainingcredit(Saito&Villanueva1981).Insufficientfundinghasbeenmadeavailabletofinancewkingcapital(Peel&Wilson1996).Pomanagementaccountingpracticeshavehamperedtheabilityofsmallerenterprisestoraisefinan

13、ces.Infmationasymmetriesassociatedwithlendingtosmallscalebrowershaverestrictedtheflowoffinancetosmallerenterprises.Inspiteoftheseclaimshoweversomestudiesshowalargenumberofsmallenterprisesfailbecauseofnonfinancialreasons(

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