鉆井液工藝原理a(參考答案)

1、中國地質大學（北京）2009年秋季學期第1頁共6頁Page1課程號：0201171《鉆井液工藝原理》期末考試試卷（A）考試形式：閉卷考試考試時間：120分鐘班號學號姓名得分題號1234567總分得分Note:Note:AllAllanswersanswerscancanbebegivengiveneithereitherininEnglishEnglishChinese!Chinese!1.1.PleasePleaseinterpret

2、interpretthethefollowingfollowingdefinitionsdefinitionsinindetail(detail(解釋下列概念解釋下列概念)（2020pointspoints，eacheach4pointspoints）①.①.MainMainfunctionsfunctionsofofthethedrillingdrillingfluidsfluids（鉆井液的主要功能）（鉆井液的主要功能）:答：答：a

3、)a)a)CarryCarryCarrycuttingscuttingscuttings（攜帶巖屑）（攜帶巖屑）（攜帶巖屑）fromfromfrombeneathbeneathbeneaththethethebitbitbittranspttranspttransptthemthemthemupupupthethetheannulusannulusannuluspermitpermitpermittheirtheirtheirsepar

4、ationseparationseparationatatatthethethesurfacesurfacesurfaceSuspendSuspendSuspendcuttingscuttingscuttings（懸浮巖屑）（懸浮巖屑）（懸浮巖屑）duringduringduringwhenwhenwhenrotationrotationrotationofofofthethethepipepipepipeisisisstopped.s

5、topped.stopped.b)b)b)CoolCoolCoolcleancleancleanthethethebit.bit.bit.c)c)c)ReduceReduceReducefrictionfrictionfrictionbetweenbetweenbetweenthethethedrillingdrillingdrillingstringstringstringthethethesidessidessidesofofoft

6、hethethehole.hole.hole.d)d)d)MaintainMaintainMaintainthethethestabilitystabilitystability（維護井壁穩(wěn)定）（維護井壁穩(wěn)定）（維護井壁穩(wěn)定）ofofofuncaseduncaseduncased（未下套管）（未下套管）（未下套管）sectionssectionssectionsofofofthethethebehole.behole.behole.e)

7、e)e)PreventPreventPreventthethetheinflowinflowinflowofofoffluidsoilfluidsoilfluidsoilgasgasgaswaterfromwaterfromwaterfrompermeablepermeablepermeablerocksrocksrocksperated.perated.perated.f)f)f)TransferTransferTransferhyd

8、raulichydraulichydraulicpowerpowerpowertototothethethedownholedownholedownholemot.mot.mot.g)g)g)FmFmFmaathinthinthinlowpermeabilitylowpermeabilitylowpermeabilityfilterfilterfiltercakecakecake（泥餅）（泥餅）（泥餅）whichwhichwhichse

9、alssealssealspespespesotherotherotheropeningsopeningsopeningsinininfmationsfmationsfmationsperatedperatedperatedbybybythethethebit.bit.bit.h)h)h)AssistAssistAssistinininthethethecollectioncollectioncollectioninterpretati

10、oninterpretationinterpretationofofofinfmationinfmationinfmationavailableavailableavailablefromfromfromdrilldrilldrillcuttingscuttingscuttingscescesceselectricalelectricalelectricallogs.logs.logs.答出其中答出其中答出其中答出其中44點即可。點即可

11、。點即可。點即可。②.②.TheThecausescausesofofthethenegativenegativepotentialpotentialatatthethesurfacesurfaceofofclayclaymineralmineral（粘土礦物表面帶有負電荷的原因）（粘土礦物表面帶有負電荷的原因）:答：答：答：答：同晶置換或晶格取代同晶置換或晶格取代同晶置換或晶格取代③.③.GiveGiveconceptconceptt

12、hethedeiondeionofofmudmudcakecakeexplainexplaineffecteffectofofthethecakecakeonondriilingdriilingoperationoperation（泥餅的概念與描述方法及其對鉆井作業(yè)（泥餅的概念與描述方法及其對鉆井作業(yè)中國地質大學（北京）2009年秋季學期第3頁共6頁Page3nK?????[(A13.34Mg0.66)(Si7.0All.0)O20(O

13、H)4]Illite[(KNaCa2)m(AlFeMg)4(SiA1)8O20(OH)4nH2O]basedonthestructurethefmula:a)WhydoesIllitehavemenegativegesthanmontmilloniteb)WhydoesmontmillonitehavemecationexchangecapacitythanIllitec)Whydoesmontmillonitehavemeyieldi

14、ngcapacitythanIllited)WhyisKusedtodrillfmationthancontainmontmillonite（根據蒙脫石和伊利石的結構及其化學成分解釋這兩種粘土礦物以下不同特性（根據蒙脫石和伊利石的結構及其化學成分解釋這兩種粘土礦物以下不同特性）：（1010pointspointseacheach2pointspoints）a)伊利石晶與伊利石晶與蒙脫石蒙脫石格取代位置的區(qū)別？格取代位置的區(qū)別？b)為什么

15、伊利石的負電荷比蒙脫石多？為什么伊利石的負電荷比蒙脫石多？c)為什么蒙脫石陽離子交換容量比伊利石多？為什么蒙脫石陽離子交換容量比伊利石多？d)為什么蒙脫石的造漿能力最強？為什么蒙脫石的造漿能力最強？e)為什么用為什么用K鉆進含蒙脫石地層？鉆進含蒙脫石地層？答：a）伊利石多發(fā)生在硅氧四面體，蒙脫石多發(fā)生在鋁氧八面體；b)伊利石晶格取代比蒙脫石多；c)伊利石層間陽離子K不易交換；d)蒙脫石OO分子連接，陽離子交換容量大；e)利用K進入粘土晶

16、層，大小與SiO四面體六角環(huán)狀大小相近，可嵌入特點4.4.PleasePleasewritewriteoutoutthetherheologicalrheologicalequationequationofofBinghamBinghamPlasticPlasticfluidfluidstatestateitsitsphysicalphysicalmeaningsmeaningsinfluentialinfluentialfactsfa