gmat寫作argument滿分范文

1、二二AnalysisAnalysisofofArgumentArgumentQuestionsQuestions1.ThefollowingappearedaspartofanannualreptsenttostockholdersbyOlympicFoodsaprocessoffrozenfoods.“Overtimethecostsofprocessinggodownbecauseasganizationslearnhowtodot

2、hingsbettertheybecomemeefficient.Incolfilmprocessingfexamplethecostofa3by5inchprintfellfrom50centsffivedayservicein1970to20centsfonedayservicein1984.Thesameprincipleappliestotheprocessingoffood.sinceOlympicFoodswillsoonc

3、elebrateitstwentyfifthbirthdaywecanexpectthatourlongexperiencewillenableustominimizecoststhusmaximizeprofits.”下面摘自一家冷凍食品處理商（process）奧林匹克食品提交給股東的年報(bào)：隨著時(shí)間流逝，由于機(jī)構(gòu)了解了做好事情的方法進(jìn)而提高了效率，處理的成本會(huì)降低。比如在彩色膠卷處理方面，35英寸照片的成本從1970年的5天50cen

4、t降至1984年的1天20cent。同樣的規(guī)律適用于食品處理方面。由于奧林匹克食品即將慶祝它的25歲生日，我們可以指望我們長(zhǎng)期的經(jīng)驗(yàn)會(huì)使我們達(dá)到最小的成本和最大的利潤(rùn)。1.falseanalogy:Thefoodindustryisnotanalogoustothecolfilmindustry.2.causaloversimplification:Otherfactsthatmaycontributettothecostdecline

5、oftheprintingcostshouldbeconsideredruledout.3.gratuitousassumption:Theconclusionoftheargumentisbasedonagratuitousassumptionthatthecompanycanminimizecostmaximizeprofitbecausethecompanyhasbeenconductedf25years.1.錯(cuò)誤類比：colfi

6、lmprocessing和processingoffood不相同。problemsofspoilagecontaminationtimelytransptation都只影響food不影響film.2.同時(shí)，忽略他因。是否是因?yàn)榻M織更有效率才使COST下降的？很可能是materialnecessaryftheprocess下降了價(jià)錢。所以，兩者更不同。3.gratuitousassumption：二十五年不代表學(xué)到了很多。很可能什么都沒學(xué)

7、到，或者技術(shù)已經(jīng)outofdate.Citingfactsdrawnfromthecolfilmprocessingindustrythatindicateadownwardtrendinthecostsoffilmprocessingovera24yearperiodtheautharguesthatOlympicFoodswilllikewisebeabletominimizecoststhusmaximizeprofitsinth

8、efuture.Insupptofthisconclusiontheauthcitesthegeneralprinciplethat“asganizationslearnhowtodothingsbettertheybecomemeefficient.”ThisprinciplecoupledwiththefactthatOlympicFoodshashad25yearsofexperienceinthefoodprocessingin

9、dustryleadstotheauth’srosyprediction.Thisargumentisunconvincingbecauseitsuffersfromtwocriticalflaws.Firsttheauth’sfecastofminimalcostsmaximumprofitsrestsonthegratuitousassumptionthatOlympicFoods’“l(fā)ongexperience”hastaught

10、ithowtodothingsbetter.Thereishowevernoguaranteethatthisisthecase.Ndoestheauthciteanyevidencetosupptthisassumption.JustaslikelyOlympicFoodshaslearnednothingfromits25yearsinthefoodprocessingbusiness.Lackingthisassumptionth

11、eexpectationofincreasedefficiencyisentirelypanyrepresentativeswouldhavetotraveltodobusinessinareasfmerlyservedbyafieldofficecreatingtravelcostslossofcriticaltime.Inshtthisassumptionmustbesupptedwithathoughcostbenefitanal

12、ysisofcentralizationversusotherpossiblecostcuttingprofitenhancingstrategies.SecondtheonlyreasonofferedbytheauthistheclaimthatApogeewasmeprofitablewhenithadoperatedfromasinglecentralizedlocation.Butiscentralizationtheonly

13、differencerelevanttogreaterpastprofitabilityItisentirelypossiblethatmanagementhasbecomelaxregardinganynumberoffactsthatcanaffectthebottomlinesuchasinferiproductscarelessproductpricinginefficientproductionpoemployeeexpens

14、eaccountmonitingineffectiveadvertisingsloppy肥大的buyingpoliciesotherwastefulspending.Unlesstheauthcanruleoutotherfactsrelevanttodiminishingprofitsthisargumentcommitsthefallacyofassumingthatjustbecauseoneevent(decreasingpro

15、fits)followsanother(decentralization)thesecondeventhasbeencausedbythefirst.Inconclusionthisisaweakargument.TostrengthentheconclusionthatApogeeshouldclosefieldofficescentralizethisauthmustprovideathoughcostbenefitanalysis

16、ofavailablealternativesruleoutfactsotherthandecentralizationthatmightbeaffectingcurrentprofitsnegatively.6.Thefollowingappearedaspartofanarticleinamagazinedevotedtoregionallife.“CpationsshouldlooktothecityofHelioswhensee

17、kingnewbusinessopptunitiesanewlocation.EvenintherecentrecessionHelios’sunemploymentratewaslowerthantheregionalaverage.Itistheindustrialcenteroftheregionhisticallyithasprovidedmethanitsshareoftheregion’smanufacturingjobs.

18、InadditionHeliosisattemptingtoexpitseconomicbasebyattractingcompaniesthatfocusonresearchdevelopmentofinnovativetechnologies.”一份面向地方生活的雜志上的一篇文章：企業(yè)在尋找新的商機(jī)或位置時(shí)應(yīng)該去Helios城。甚至在最近的衰退中，Helios的失業(yè)率也比地區(qū)平均水平低，它是地區(qū)的工業(yè)中心，歷史上它提供的比它在地區(qū)制

19、造業(yè)工作中分享的份額中更多。而且，Helios正試圖通過吸引研究和發(fā)展革新技術(shù)的公司來(lái)擴(kuò)張它的經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)。1.作者認(rèn)為應(yīng)該到該地區(qū)建廠理由是這里的失業(yè)率很高。但是卻沒有給出因果關(guān)系。作者認(rèn)為應(yīng)該到該地區(qū)建廠理由是這里的失業(yè)率很高。但是卻沒有給出因果關(guān)系。從常理來(lái)看這是沒有道理的因?yàn)槭I(yè)率高的地方可能更難雇傭到雇員從而使成本從常理來(lái)看這是沒有道理的因?yàn)槭I(yè)率高的地方可能更難雇傭到雇員從而使成本增加。增加。2.作者認(rèn)為該地區(qū)會(huì)鼓勵(lì)研發(fā)，所以應(yīng)

20、該到該地區(qū)投資。但事實(shí)上就象作者說(shuō)的那作者認(rèn)為該地區(qū)會(huì)鼓勵(lì)研發(fā)，所以應(yīng)該到該地區(qū)投資。但事實(shí)上就象作者說(shuō)的那樣該地區(qū)是制造業(yè)中心怎么可能有很多對(duì)技術(shù)和科研很熟練的人員。樣該地區(qū)是制造業(yè)中心怎么可能有很多對(duì)技術(shù)和科研很熟練的人員。1，因?yàn)镠地區(qū)industrialmanufacturing比較attractive，所以那里的工人很可能只適合做這類的，如果缺乏能夠做innovativetechnologiesresearch的工人labpo