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1、SolutionsManualfOptoelectronicsPhotonics:PrinciplesPracticesS.O.Kasap1.15March2002Chapter11.1GaussianbeamsConsidertwoidenticalsphericalmirrsABthathavebeenalignedtobefocaldirectlyfaceeachotherasinFigure1Q1.Thetwomirrsthes

2、paceinbetweenthem(theopticalcavity)fmanopticalresonatbecauseonlycertainlightwaveswithcertainfrequenciescanexitintheopticalcavity.ThelightbeaminthecavityisaGaussianbeam.WhenitstartsatAitswavefrontisthesameasthecurvatureof

3、A.SketchthewavefrontsonthisbeamasittravelstowardsBatBasitisthenreflectedfromBbacktoA.IfR=25cmthemirrsareofdiameter2.5cmestimatethedivergenceofthebeamitsspotsize(minimumwaist)flightofwavelength500nm.Twoconfocalsphericalmi

4、rrsreflectwavestofromeachother.FisthefocalpointRistheradius.TheopticalcavitycontainsaGaussianbeamWavefrontSphericalmirrOpticalcavitySphericalmirrABRFLRFigure1Q1SolutionLetD=diameterofthemirrfromFigure1Q1tanθ=(D2)Rgivesθ=

5、arctan(D2R)=arctan(0.05)=0.05rad.Divergenceis2θ0.1rad.Divergence2θspotsize2woarerelatedby242θλπ=()wodependsonthewavelengthofinterest.Takingλ=500nm24245001001641096wo===??λπθπ()()(.).mmabout6micron.1.2RefractiveindexaCons

6、iderlightoffreespacewavelength1300nmtravelinginpuresilicamedium.Calculatethephasevelocitygroupvelocityoflightinthismedium.IsthegroupvelocityevergreaterthanthephasevelocitySolutionsManualfOptoelectronicsPhotonics:Principl

7、esPracticesS.O.Kasap1.35March2002whereG1G2G3λ1λ2λ3areconstants(calledSellmeiercoefficients)thataredeterminedbyfittingthisexpressiontotheexperimentaldata.TheactualSellmeierfmulahasmetermsintherighthsummationofthesametypee

8、.g.Giλ2(λ2?λi2)wherei=45...butthesecangenerallybeneglectedinrepresentingnvs.λbehaviovertypicalwavelengthsofinterestensuringthatthreetermsincludedinEq.(1)crespondtothemostimptantrelevanttermsinthesummation.Table1Q3givesth

9、eSellmeiercoefficientsfpureSilica(SiO2)SiO213.5mol.%GeO2.Writeaprogramonyourcomputercalculatuseamathsoftwarepackage(e.g.MathcadMatlabTheistMathview)evenaspreadsheetprogram(e.g.Excel)toobtaintherefractiveindexnasafunction

10、ofλfrom0.5mto1.8mfbothpuresilicaSiO213.5%GeO2.ObtainthegroupindexNgvs.wavelengthfbothmaterialsplotitonthesamegraph.Findthewavelengthswherematerialdispersionbecomeszerointhetwomaterials.Table1Q3TheSellmeiercoefficientsfSi

11、O2SiO213.5%GeO2.Theλ1λ2λ3areinm.G1G2G3λλλλ1λλλλ2λλλλ3SiO20.6967490.4082180.8908150.06906600.1156629.900559SiO213.5%GeO20.7110400.4518850.7040480.06427000.1294089.425478SolutionSilicanvsλλλλ(m)thincurveNgvsλλλλ(m)thickbol

12、dcurve.Ngvsλλλλ(m)Minimumisaround1.3m.SiO213.5mol.%GeO2:nvsλλλλ(m)thincurveNgvsλλλλ(m)thickboldcurve.Ngvsλλλλ(m)Minimumisaround1.4m.1.4AntireflectioncoatingaConsiderthreedielectricmediawithflatparallelboundarieswithrefra

13、ctiveindicesn1n2n3.Showthatfnmalincidencethereflectioncoefficientbetweenlayers12isthesameasthatbetweenlayers23ifn2=√[n1n3].WhatisthesignificanceofthisbConsideraSiphotodiodethatisdesignedfoperationat900nm.Givenachoiceoftw

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