非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞學(xué)案(很全面)

1、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞精講1非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞基本概念及用法非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞基本概念及用法一、動(dòng)詞不定式todo現(xiàn)在分詞ving過(guò)去分詞vedThinkingabouttheseexamples:thebridgetobebuilt將建造的橋thebridgebeingbuilt正在建造的橋thebridgebuilt已經(jīng)建好的橋二、謂語(yǔ)與非謂語(yǔ)的比較非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是漢語(yǔ)中沒(méi)有的語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象。漢語(yǔ)中幾個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞連用而動(dòng)詞不用作任何形式的變化。如：他明天來(lái)拜訪你。翻譯成英

2、語(yǔ)不是Hewillcomevisityou，而是Hewillcometovisityou.這里就用了不定式tovisit。因此同學(xué)們要特別注意弄清句子的結(jié)構(gòu)。例：Tomsatunderatreeseeinghisfriendupinnotime.A.tostB.stingC.stoodD.wouldst分析：stood是與sat并列的謂語(yǔ)。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)法功能所能充當(dāng)?shù)某煞种髡Z(yǔ)表語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞△△△△Ving形式動(dòng)名詞

3、△△△△不定式（todo）△△△△△△過(guò)去分詞(done)△△△△Exercise：找出“非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞”，并判斷作何成分Toseeistobelieve.Seeingisbelieving.Itisnotaneasythingtomasteralanguage.Mysuggestionistostartwkatonce.Theyfounditimpossibletogeteverythingreadyintime.Haveyouanyth

4、ingtodeclareHeboughtabicycletogototownmequickly.DidyouseeanyoneenterthehouseHesawhisfathertalkingwithhisteacher.Ionceheardhimsingthissong.Thebossmadethemwkfrommningtillnight.Theyweremadetowkfrommningtillnight.Thesituatio

5、nisencouraging.Shelookeddisappointed.Theylivedinaroomfacing(=thatfaced)thesouth.Thehousesting(=thatsts)atthecnerofthestreetwasbuiltin1955.IsthisthebookrecommendedbyourteacherThemeetingheldlastweekisveryimptant.Themeeting

6、beingheldisveryimptant.Themeetingtobeheldnextweekisveryimptant.Pleasetellmethesubjectstobediscussedatthenextmeeting.構(gòu)成語(yǔ)態(tài)非謂語(yǔ)形式時(shí)態(tài)主動(dòng)被動(dòng)復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)否定式一般式todotobedone進(jìn)行式tohavedonetohavebeendone完成式tobedoing不定式完成進(jìn)行式tohavebeendoingfsb.t

7、odosth.或ofsb.todosth.在“to”前加not或never一般式doingbeingdone動(dòng)名詞完成式havingdonehavingbeendonesb.或sb’sdoing作主語(yǔ)要用sb’sdoing在前加not特別注意復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)特別注意復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的否定式：的否定式：sb’snotdoingsb’snothavingdone非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞精講3want想要wish希望考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)3.有些動(dòng)詞只能跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)有些動(dòng)詞只能跟動(dòng)名

8、詞作賓語(yǔ)下列動(dòng)詞習(xí)慣上可接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，但不能接不定式作賓語(yǔ)：admit承認(rèn)advise建議allow允許appreciate感激avoid避免consider考慮delay推遲deny否認(rèn)discuss討論dislike不喜歡enjoy喜愛(ài)escape逃脫excuse原諒fancy設(shè)想finish完成fbid禁止fgive原諒giveup放棄imagine想像keep保持mention提及mind介意miss沒(méi)趕上pardon原諒pe

9、rmit允許practise練習(xí)prevent阻止搖prohibit禁止putoff推遲rept報(bào)告risk冒險(xiǎn)stop停止suggest建議underst理解feellike想做某事考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)4.有些動(dòng)詞即可跟不定式也可跟動(dòng)名詞，但意思上有差別有些動(dòng)詞即可跟不定式也可跟動(dòng)名詞，但意思上有差別fget，remember跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，記得還是忘了以前做的事。跟不定式，還未作meantodo打算作某事；meandoing意味著trytodo

10、盡力作某事；trydoing嘗試著作某事wantneedrequiredoingsth表示被動(dòng)；regretdoingsth.對(duì)做過(guò)的某事表示后悔；regrettosay很抱歉的說(shuō)likehatedoing經(jīng)常性的，likehatetodo特定的某一次begetusedtodoing習(xí)慣于做某事，usedtodo過(guò)去經(jīng)常做某事beusedtodo被用來(lái)做can’thelpdoing=can’thelpbutdo忍不住做某事can’the

11、lp(to)do不能幫助做某事stopdoing停止正在做著的某事；stoptodo停下來(lái)做別的事情goondoing繼續(xù)做原來(lái)做的事goontodo接著干別的事情fbidallowdoingsomethingfbidallowsomebodytodosomething考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)5.exceptbut后跟不定式時(shí)，如果前面有實(shí)意動(dòng)詞后跟不定式時(shí)，如果前面有實(shí)意動(dòng)詞do的形式，不用的形式，不用to否則要帶否則要帶to1)Thereisnot

12、hingtodoexcept___tillitstopssnows.A.towaitB.waitingC.waitD.waits2)StingonthetopofthehillIwouldnotdoanythingbut___theflowingofthesmogaroundme.A.enjoyB.enjoyingC.enjoyedD.toenjoy答案:1.C2.A三.作表語(yǔ)作表語(yǔ)考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)6.表示將來(lái)某一次時(shí)常用動(dòng)詞不定式作表語(yǔ)，表示

13、經(jīng)常性性時(shí)常用動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)表示將來(lái)某一次時(shí)常用動(dòng)詞不定式作表語(yǔ)，表示經(jīng)常性性時(shí)常用動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)(表示某一次，如果主語(yǔ)中有do時(shí)，不定式省略to)1)Herwishis__________anengineer.A.becomingB.becomeC.tobecomeD.beingcome2)Somepeople’sgreatestpleasureis__________.A.fishingB.tofishC.tobefishingD.be

14、ingfish3)WhatYangLiweiwantedtodowhenhegotoutofthespaceshipwas___thejoywithalltheChinese.4)A.shareB.sharedC.havingsharedD.abouttoshare答案:1.C2.A3.A考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)7.Remaintobedone還有待于，還要看還有待于，還要看1)Itremains_____whetherJimwillbefitenou

15、ghtoplayinthefinals.A.seenB.tobeseenC.seeingD.tosee2)Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodftheoldcouplebutitremains_____whethertheywillenjoyit.A.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.seen答案:1.B2.B四.作定語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞，過(guò)去分詞，動(dòng)詞不定式都可作定語(yǔ)，作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，看與所修飾詞之間