英語(yǔ)分類匯編閱讀理解之社會(huì)生活類

1、6年模擬【年模擬【2007201220072012】英語(yǔ)匯編：閱讀理解之社會(huì)生活類】英語(yǔ)匯編：閱讀理解之社會(huì)生活類20122012模擬題模擬題【20122012浙江調(diào)研浙江調(diào)研】Bonus(獎(jiǎng)金)culturehasbecomethesubjectofmanystudiesnowadays.Manypeoplehavebeenangeredbythewaysomebankershighofficialsseemtohavebeenrew

2、ardedffailure.Othersfindtheideaofofferingmanymilliondollarbonusesmallydisgusting.Butfewhaveaskedwhetherperfmancerelatedbonusesreallydoimproveperfmance.Theanswerseemssoobviousthateventoaskthequestioncanappearridiculous.In

3、deedinspiteofallthecomplaintsaboutthemfinancialencouragementscontinuetobeintroducedinmemeareasfromhealthcarepublicservicestoteachinguniversities.Soitmaycomeasashocktomanytolearnthatpayingfresultscanactuallymakepeopleperf

4、mbadlyinmanycircumstancesthatthemeyoupaythewsetheyperfm.Nooneisarguingthatbonusescanhelpcompaniesinstitutionsattractkeepthebeststaff.Ndoesanyoneargueagainsttheideathatyoucanencouragepeopletodospecifictasksbylinkingpaymen

5、tstothosetasks.Ratherthepointisabouthowtogetthebestoutofpeople.DoemployeesreallyperfmbetterifyoupromisetopaythemmefgettingresultsTherearesomeobviousreasonswhysuchpaymentscanfail.Ithasbeenarguedfinstancethatcashbonusescon

6、tributedtothefinancialcrashbecausetradershadlittleenthusiasmtomakesurethattheircompaniesenjoyedlongtermsurvival.MostbonusprojectsarepolydesignedsaysProfessMalcolmHiggs.Hethinksthereasonisthatganisationstrytokeepbonusarra

7、ngementssimple.Neverthelesshethinksbonusprojectscanwkaslongastheylinktheinterestsofindividualemployeeswiththelongtermgoalsofabusiness.Bonusescanalsoencouragecheating.“Onceyoustartmakingpeople’srewardsdependentonoutcomesr

8、atherthanbehaviourstheevidenceispeoplewilldowhatevertheycantogetthoseoutcomes”saysProfessEdwardDeci.“Inmanycasesthehighofficialssimplyliedcheatedtomakethestock(股票)pricegoupsotheygothugebonuses.”ButthewkofDeciotherssugges

9、tstheproblemwithbonusesrunsfardeeperthanpodesigncheating.In1971heaskedstudentstosolvepuzzleswithsomereceivingcashprizesfdoingwellothersgettingnothing.Decifoundthoseofferedcashwerelesslikelytokeepwkingonpuzzlesaftertheyha

10、ddoneenoughtogetpaid.Thesestudiessuggestthatofferingrewardscanstoppeopledoingthingsfthepurejoyofit.ThiswasthebasisfaseriesofbooksbyKohninwhichhearguesthatrewardingchildrenstudentswkerswithgradesscholarshipsother“bribes”(

11、賄賂)leadstolowqualitywkinthelongrun.Thosewhobelieveinthepowerofbonusesfailtodistinguishbetweeninnerdriveoutsidepressure—wantingtodosomethingbecauseyoulikeitfitselfincontrasttodoingsomethingbecauseyouwanttherewardKohnsays.

12、“It’snotjustthatthesetwoaredifferentit’softenthatthemeyourewardpeoplefdoingsomethingthemetheirinnerdrivetendstodecline.”A“dothisgetthat”approachmightimproveperfmanceintheshttermbutoverlongerperiodsitwillalwaysfailKohnsay

13、s.Peoplewhoreceivebonuswillnaturallyplayplaysafesafebecomelesscreativecooperatelessfeellessvaluedheadds.What’smethestudiesalsosuggestthatofferingrewardscanalsostoppeopletakingresponsibility.werestrain(限制)ourownspiritswhi

14、chonlyleadstodepressionstress.Interestinglyithasbeenshownthatpeoplewhospend40minuteswalkinginanaturereservehaveaintheirbloodpressurelevelsbutthisdoesnothappenwhentheyspendasimilaramountoftimewalkinginabusycitycentre.Ifyo

15、ufeelalittlelowinspiritknowthatyouhavespenttoomuchtimeindosrelaxcompletelyremoveyourshoesletyourinnerchildcomeoutplay.1.Theauthfeltdepressedbecauseshe__________.A.couldntconsumeherwakinghourB.hadnotseenafilmfalongtime.C.

16、hadnotfinishedherwkontimeD.hadwkedonahardjobftoolong2.Theauthwalkedinanaturereserveintheraininderto__________.A.takephotosB.findasolutiontotheprojectC.hopalongthepathD.cheerherselfup3.Theunderlinedpart“tonoavail“inParagr

17、aph1probablymeans“__________.“.A.unsuccessfulB.unrelatedC.uninterestingD.unexpected4.Intheauthsopinion__________.A.abathcanmakepeoplerelaxedB.depressionisusuallycausedbyhardwkC.walkinginabusycitycentreharmspeopleshealthD

18、.adultsshouldexpresstheirinnerfeelingsfreely5.Thelastparagraphmainlyservesasa(n)__________.A.explanationB.suggestionC.introductionD.reminder【答案與解析】假如你的情緒不佳，那就投入到大自然的懷抱吧!身體得到放松，童心得以萌發(fā)，可以盡情玩耍。1.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第一段的前兩句話告訴我們，原因是作者做一件

19、艱苦的工作時(shí)間太長(zhǎng)。2.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Itriedarangeofmethodstohelpcheermyselfup.”可知作者在自然保護(hù)區(qū)中散步也是為了“讓自己振作起來(lái)”。3.A詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫(huà)線部分前面的轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but可知洗澡、美食和電影都沒(méi)有效果，都沒(méi)有使作者振作起來(lái)。故A項(xiàng)與畫(huà)線部分意思最接近。4.D推理判斷題。結(jié)合第二段最后一句中的內(nèi)容以及最后一段的內(nèi)容可推知作者認(rèn)為成年人喚醒童心能幫助他們擺脫低落情緒。5

20、.B文章結(jié)構(gòu)題。最后一段提到如果你感到情緒低落并且知道在室內(nèi)待的時(shí)間太久，你就要徹底放松，脫掉鞋子，釋放自己的童心去玩耍，顯然是提供”建議”?！?012屆年邵陽(yáng)市高三第一次聯(lián)考】“Childrenshouldnotbeleftunsupervised(無(wú)人監(jiān)督的)toplaywithadog.”sayexpertsinthisweeksBritishMedicalJournal.Theiradviceispartofareviewaim

21、edatdoctswhodealwithdogbites.“Dogbitesmaulingsareawldwideproblemparticularlyinchildren.”writeMarinaMganJohnPalmer.Everyyear250000peoplewhohavebeenbittenbydogsattendmininjuriesemergencyunitsintheUnitedKingdomhalfofallchil

22、drenarereptedlybittenbydogsatsometimeboysmethangirls.Accuratedeathfiguresaredifficulttoobtainbutinthepastfiveyearstwotothreecasesayearhavemadenewsheadlines.Basedonthelatestmedicalevidencetheyadvisedoctshowtoexaminetreata