2015中考英語閱讀理解4類文體12篇真題考前強(qiáng)化練習(xí)

1、1閱讀理解閱讀理解01命題趨勢考標(biāo)導(dǎo)向化1.命題原則(1)考查學(xué)生在閱讀中準(zhǔn)確捕獲信息的能力。這就要求考生通過閱讀短文，運(yùn)用自己所學(xué)的語法、詞組、短語等方面的語言知識(shí)，根據(jù)自己的理解，掌握所讀材料的主旨和大意，以及用以說明主旨和大意的事實(shí)和情節(jié)，迅速找出題目后面的正確選項(xiàng)。(2)要求學(xué)生既理解具體的事實(shí)，也理解抽象的概念；既理解文章的表層意思，也理解文章的深層含義，包括作者的態(tài)度、意圖等“弦外之音”。(3)要求學(xué)生既理解某句、某段的意義

2、，也理解全篇的邏輯關(guān)系，并據(jù)此進(jìn)行推理和判斷。(4)要求學(xué)生既能根據(jù)材料提供的信息去理解，也能結(jié)合自己應(yīng)有的常識(shí)去理解。2.試題特點(diǎn)閱讀理解題要求學(xué)生根據(jù)材料的內(nèi)容從四個(gè)(或三個(gè))選項(xiàng)中選出最佳答案，主要考查學(xué)生的語篇閱讀能力、分析能力和判斷能力，是一種綜合性很強(qiáng)的題型。3.閱讀材料的選取特點(diǎn)(1)閱讀文章不少于兩篇，一般是三至四篇，分值不少于30分，一般是3040分，是中考試題中的重頭戲。(2)題材廣泛，涉及科普、社會(huì)、政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文

3、化、歷史、習(xí)俗、故事等各個(gè)方面。答案一般可以直接在文章中找到，有的雖不能直接在文章中找到，但文章中有它們的同義形式或通過某些暗示及關(guān)鍵信息都可推測出。(3)體裁多樣，包括記敘文、說明文、議論文、應(yīng)用文。近年來的中考英語閱讀理解多選用一些富有鮮明時(shí)代特征、實(shí)用性強(qiáng)的語言材料作為試題的素材，如報(bào)刊文章、使用說明書、招貼告示、廣告以及各類圖表等。選用這些材料不僅能提高測試的真實(shí)性，還能通過展示目標(biāo)語言在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中的真實(shí)運(yùn)用來激發(fā)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)力

4、。預(yù)計(jì)2015年中考會(huì)加大對(duì)學(xué)生閱讀理解能力的考查，閱讀材料的體裁會(huì)更加全面，包含常見的各種文體，題材會(huì)呈現(xiàn)多樣化，更加豐富多彩，貼近生活和社會(huì)話題，為學(xué)生所感興趣；在題設(shè)方面會(huì)加大對(duì)考生理解能力和推測能力的考查。02方法歸納能力提升化1.閱讀全文，捕捉信息。閱讀理解的主旨是要求考生仔細(xì)閱讀全文，掌握其大意，了解作者的觀點(diǎn)和寫作意圖，故事的起因、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)以及結(jié)局?？忌仨氃谟邢薜臅r(shí)間內(nèi)迅速抓住文章的要點(diǎn)，讀懂全文。2.注意首句，抓住中

5、心。俗話說“眼睛是心靈的窗戶”，那么一篇文章的眼睛應(yīng)是題目，而中考閱讀是不給文章題目的。這給考生快速了解全文的中心增加了難度，在這種情況下，考生應(yīng)特別注意首段和每一自然段的首句以及結(jié)尾句。這樣一來就抓住了中心，為正確答題打下了良好的基礎(chǔ)。3.優(yōu)選排除，確定答案。閱讀理解題備選答案有三個(gè)是干擾項(xiàng)。我們可先排除語法、詞法上明顯有錯(cuò)誤的選項(xiàng)，再排除與短文內(nèi)容不符的選項(xiàng)，剩下的就是應(yīng)選答案了，在這個(gè)過程中要仔細(xì)鑒別，對(duì)比各選項(xiàng)的區(qū)別。4.復(fù)讀全

6、文，檢查答案?？忌鷳?yīng)把短文中考查的信息歸納一遍，再次閱讀，檢查答案，看看是否前后一致，是否符合邏輯推理，有錯(cuò)及時(shí)糾正。03整合集訓(xùn)反饋層級(jí)化▲記敘篇▲記敘篇A(A(2014十堰)FrommyfatherIhavelearnedalot.I’mverythankfultohim.IrememberwhenIwasachildmyfatheralwaysgotupveryearly，quietlyputtingonhisclothesgoi

7、ngofftowk.Toarriveintimetoopenhistinysteat8:30，heneededtoleaveourapartmentat6:30.Afterall，hehadtotakeabusthenthesubway.Thelastjourneywasalongwalkthroughaneighbhoodmuchofwhichwasfullofthesmellofrubbish.Ilearned:Itisveryim

8、ptanttowk.Noexcuse.WhenIwas12，Iwould，onsomeSaturdays，gotomyfather’sstetohelpout.Afterhelpingsetuptheoutsideclothingdisplay，ftherestoftheday，I’dwatchtomakesurenoonestoleanything.WhenInoticedsomeonelookingunusualstrange，Iw

9、ouldlookthepersonintheeye，smilesay，“MayIhelpyou”Usuallythatwked，butsometimes，someonewouldrunoffwithsomething.Thefirsttime，Iranafterthethiefbutmyfathershouted，“Martin，stop!Thereisnoneedtodothat.”It’struethatsafetyismeimpt

10、antthanmoney.After10yearsofhardwk，hesavedupenoughmoneytobuyhisfirstcar，acheapone—hewouldn’tbuyoneuntilhecouldaffdtopayfitwithoutbrowingmoney.Ilearned:Buyonlywhatyoucanaffd.Buyingnecessaryfoodclothing3thenecklace.Penny’sd

11、addyknewhowshetriedherbesttogetthenecklace.HealsoknewhowmuchPennycaredaboutit.Onenight，heaskedPennyifshelovedhim.“Sure，Daddy.”thelittlegirlsaid.“Thenhowaboutgivingmeyournecklace”“Oh，no，Daddy!Notmynecklace!”Pennycried.“Oh

12、，dear，it’sfine.”herfathergaveherakiss.Severaldayslater，Pennywenttoherdaddy，withherlips(嘴唇)trembling(顫抖).“Here，Daddy.Iloveyou.”Sheheldoutherh.Insideitwastheplasticpearlnecklacethatshelovedsomuch.Whenhesawthis，Penny’sfathe

13、rsmiledwithsurprise.Hethenpulledacuteboxoutofhispocket.Insidetheboxwasarealcolourfulpearlnecklace，whichwaswaitingfPennyfsolong.()1.Oneday，Penny_____inadepartmentste.A.wenttobuyanecklaceB.gotaplasticpearlnecklaceC.boughth

14、ermotherapearlnecklaceD.askedhermothertobuysomethingtasty()2.WhydidPenny’smotheraskPennytopayfthenecklaceherselfBecause______.A.shedidn’thaveenoughmoneyB.shewantedtobuyherarealpearlnecklaceC.shethoughtitwasnotrightflittl

15、ekidstowearanecklaceD.shewantedPennytoknowthatoneshouldbuypayfoneself()3.WhydidPenny’sfathergivearealnecklacetoherattheendofthestyBecause_______.A.PennywantedoneB.PennygavehimaplasticoneC.hewaspleasedtoseethatPennyhadlea

16、rnedwhatloveisD.hethoughtthatpeoplewouldlaughathimifPennyweaplasticone()4.Accdingtothepassage，whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueA.Pennywkedhardtopayftheplasticnecklace.B.Penny’sfatherwantedtheplasticnecklace.C.Pennyknew

17、herfatherhadboughtherarealnecklace.D.Pennygavetheplasticnecklacetoherfatherbecauseshedidn’tlikeitanyme.()5.Fromthepassage，wecanlearn_______.A.parentsshouldbuytheirkidseverythingB.kidsshouldlovetheirparentsC.parentsshould

18、n’taskfanythingfromtheirkidsD.howtoeducatekidsinarightway▲說明篇說明篇A(2014杭州)HowquicklycanyoucountfromonetotenDoyouusetendifferentwdstodoitCanyoudoitinEnglish，doyouhavetouseyourfirstlanguageDoyoucountonyourfingersManypeoplet

19、hinkthatnumbersmatharethesamealloverthewld.Butscientistshavediscoveredthatitisnottrue.Peopleindifferentpartsofthewldusedifferentwaystocountontheirfingers.IntheUnitedStates，peoplebegincountingwiththeirfirstfinger，whichthe

20、yextendstickout.Theythenextendtherestoftheirfingersfinallythethumb(拇指)tocounttofive.Thentheyrepeatthiswiththeotherhtogettoten.InChina，peoplecountbyusingdifferentfingerpositions.Inthisway，aChinesepersoncaneasilycounttoten

21、ononlyoneh.Besideswaysoffingercounting，scientistshavefoundthatcultureslanguagesarealsodifferentwhenitcomestonumbers.Somelanguageshaveonlyafewwdsfnumbers，othershavenowdsfnumbers.Agroupofscientistsstudiedabiginal(土著的)peopl

22、einAustralia.Thesepeopledon’thavehmovementstostfnumbers.Theydon’tevenhavewdsfnumbers.However，theyarestillabletounderstdifferentideasaboutnumbers.Inasimilarstudy，researchersfromtheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologydiscove

23、redthatpeopleofthePirahatribe(部落)innthwesternBrazildon’thavewdsfnumberssuchas“one”“three”.Theyarenotabletosay“fivetrees”“tentrees”butcansay“sometrees”“metrees”“manytrees”.ProfessEdwardGibsonsaidthatmostpeoplebelievethate