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1、【雅思真題】劍【雅思真題】劍7Test4閱讀閱讀Passage3真題及解析真題及解析READINGPASSAGE3Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions2740whicharebasedonReadingPassage3below.EFFECTSOFNOISEIngeneralitisplausibletosupposethatweshouldpreferpeacequiettonoise.yet
2、mostofushavehadtheexperienceofhavingtoadjusttosleepinginthemountainsthecountrysidebecauseitwasinitially‘tooquietanexperiencethatsuggeststhathumansarecapableofadaptingtoawiderangeofnoiselevels.Researchsupptsthisview.Fexam
3、pleGlassSinger(1972)exposedpeopletoshtburstsofveryloudnoisethenmeasuredtheirabilitytowkoutproblemstheirphysiologicalreactionstothenoise.Thenoisewasquitedisruptiveatfirstbutafteraboutfourminutesthesubjectsweredoingjustasw
4、ellontheirtasksascontrolsubjectswhowerenotexposedtonoise.Theirphysiologicalarousalalsodeclinedquicklytothesamelevelsasthoseofthecontrolsubjects.Buttherearelimitstoadaptationloudnoisebecomesmetroublesomeifthepersonisrequi
5、redtoconcentrateonmethanonetask.Fexamplehighnoiselevelsinterferedwiththeperfmanceofsubjectswhowererequiredtomonitthreedialsatatimeatasknotunlikethatofanaeroplanepilotanairtrafficcontroller(Broadbent1957).Similarlynoisedi
6、dnotaffectasubjectsabilitytotrackamovinglinewithasteeringwheelbutitdidinterferewiththesubjectsabilitytorepeatnumberswhiletracking(FinkelmanGlass1970).Probablythemostsignificantfindingfromresearchonnoiseisthatitspredictab
7、ilityismeimptantthanhowlouditis.Wearemuchmeableto‘tuneoutchronicbackgroundnoiseevenifitisquiteloudthantowkundercircumstanceswithunexpectedintrusionsofnoise.IntheGlassSingerstudyinwhichsubjectswereexposedtoburstsofnoiseas
8、theywkedonatasksomesubjectsheardloudburstsothersheardsoftbursts.Fsomesubjectstheburstswerespacedexactlyoneminuteapart(predictablenoise)othersheardthesameamountofnoiseoverallbuttheburstsoccurredatromintervals(unpredictabl
9、enoise).Subjectsreptedfindingthepredictableunpredictablenoiseequallyannoyingallsubjectsperfmedataboutthesamelevelduringthenoiseptionoftheexperiment.Butthedifferentnoiseconditionshadquitedifferentaftereffectswhenthesubjec
10、tswererequiredtoproofreadWritethecrectletterinboxes2729onyouranswersheet.27ThewritersuggeststhatpeoplemayhavedifficultysleepinginthemountainsbecauseAhumansdonotpreferpeacequiettonoise.Btheymaybeexposedtoshtburstsofveryst
11、rangesounds.Chumansprefertohearacertainamountofnoisewhiletheysleep.Dtheymayhaveadaptedtoahighernoiselevelinthecity.28InnoiseexperimentsGlassSingerfoundthatAproblemsolvingismucheasierunderquietconditions.Bphysiologicalaro
12、usalpreventstheabilitytowk.Cburstsofnoisedonotseriouslydisruptproblemsolvinginthelongterm.Dthephysiologicalarousalofcontrolsubjectsdeclinedquickly.29ResearchersdiscoveredthathighnoiselevelsarenotlikelytointerferewiththeA
13、successfulperfmanceofasingletask.Btasksofpilotsairtrafficcontrollers.Cabilitytorepeatnumberswhiletrackingmovinglines.Dabilitytomonitthreedialsatonce.Questions3034CompletethesummaryusingthelistofwdsphrasesAJbelow.Writethe
14、crectletterAJinboxes3034onyouranswersheet.NBYoumayuseanylettermethanonce.GlassSinger(1972)showedthatsituationsinwhichthereisintensenoisehavelesseffectonperfmancethancircumstancesinwhich30…………noiseoccurs.Subjectsweredivid
15、edintogroupstoperfmatask.Someheardloudburstsofnoiseotherssoft.Fsomesubjectsthenoisewaspredictablewhilefothersitsoccurrencewasrom.Allgroupswereexposedto31…………noise.Thepredictablenoisegroup32…………theunpredictablenoisegroupo
16、nthistask.Inthesecondpartoftheexperimentthefourgroupsweregivenaproofreadingtasktocompleteunderconditionsofnonoise.Theywererequiredtocheckwrittenmaterialferrs.Thegroupwhichhadbeenexposedtounpredictablenoise33…………thegroupw
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