英語四級語法講解

1、嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,從 句,英語四級語法講解,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,從 句 根據(jù)英語從句在句子中的作用，從句可分為三類：名詞性從句

2、 Nominal Clauses形容詞性從句 Adjectival Clauses副詞性從句 Adverbial Clauses,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,名詞性從句,Including: 主語從句 — Subject Clause 賓語從句 — O

3、bject Clause表語從句 — Predicative Clause同位語從句—Appositive Clause,,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,形容詞性從句,Restrictive ～ 限制性定語從句Non-restrictive ～非限制性定語從句,,,Attributive Clause定語從句,嫵媚

4、人生 http://www.5may.net,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,1 of Time （時間） 2 of Place（地點(diǎn)）3 of Cause（原因） 4 of Result（結(jié)果）5 of Purpose（目的）6of Condition（條件）7 of Concession（讓步） 8 of Manner（方式）9 of Comparison（

5、比較‘）10 of Analogy（類比）,,副詞性從句 Adverbial Clause狀語從句,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,＊從句類型的判定： 看從句在整個句子中處在什么位置上、作什么句子成分。 通常位于句子開頭的從句是主語從句；動詞后面的從句是賓語從句；系動詞后面的從句是表語從句；名詞后面的從句只能是同位語從句或定語從

6、句；其它情況則都是狀語從句。,,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,☆主語從句引導(dǎo)詞從屬連詞: that, whether連接代詞: what, which, who, whom連接副詞: when, where, why, how,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.ne

7、t,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,1 That he is always ready to help others is known to all. 2 In some countries, ____ is called “equality” doesn’t really mean equal right for equal people. A which B what C t

8、hat D one,B,,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,☆賓語從句引導(dǎo)詞：屬連詞: that, whether, if連接代詞: what, which, who, whom (詞尾加-ever加強(qiáng)語氣)連接副詞: when, where, why, how,,嫵媚人生

9、 http://www.5may.net,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,☆表語從句引導(dǎo)詞：從屬連詞: that, whether, if 連接代詞: what, which, who, whom 連接副詞: when, where, why, how,,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,

10、The question is whether we shall stay or not. / how we can get there. / whom he is looking for. / who he is.The reason is (that) he is ill.That’s what they did. / why I didn’t come.,,嫵媚人生 http://w

11、ww.5may.net,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,☆同位語從句引導(dǎo)詞：從屬連詞: that, whether連接副詞: when, where, why, howthat: 無意義,不做成分,但不能 省略.,,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may

12、.net,＊同位語從句所修飾的名詞被稱為先行詞. 常見先行詞有： idea, fact, news, hope, belief, thought, doubt, question, sign, suspect, … 以及表示“建議、命令、請求”的詞 (后者句中要用虛擬語氣).,,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,The qu

13、estion whether it is right or wrong depends on the results. There was the question where we were to go. / what we were to do. / when we were to start. / how we could get there. / why we should help them.,,嫵媚人生

14、 http://www.5may.net,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,☆定語從句引導(dǎo)詞：關(guān)系代詞: who, whom, whose that, which, as ☆ 關(guān)系副詞: when, where, why = 介詞+關(guān)系代詞 ☆,,,嫵媚人生 http://www.5ma

15、y.net,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,1 定語從句引導(dǎo)詞在句中起三個作用:①引導(dǎo)和連接主、從句②在從句中作某種成分③替代先行詞（因此從句中不能再有先行詞或其代詞）,,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,that, which: 先行詞為事、物, 在句中可作主語、賓

16、語；who, whom: 先行詞為人, 在句中可作主語、賓語；whose: 先行詞為人、事、物, 在句中作定語；,,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,as: ①先行詞被 the same, such修飾或先行詞本身就是 the same, such;②引導(dǎo)非限定

17、性定語從句, 代替整個句子, 在從句中作主語或賓語.,,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,It wasn’t such a good dinner as she had promised us. As is well known, Rome is not built in a day.

18、As we all know, Rome is not built in a day.,,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,① This is the city ___.A I like to visit it most B I like to visit most

19、C I most like to visit D I most like to visit it,B,,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,② Beer is the most popular drink among male drinkers, ____ overal

20、l consumption is significantly higher than that of women. A whose B which C that D what,A,,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,③ The hours ____ the children spend in their

21、one-way relationship with TV people undoubtedly affect their relationships with real-life people. A when B on which C that D in which,C,,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,嫵媚人生 http://www.5

22、may.net,2 只用which引導(dǎo)定語從句的情況:①引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句;②在介詞后面;③句中已有連詞that為避免重復(fù)；He told me that the radio which he had bought was defective.,,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net

23、,3 只用that引導(dǎo)定語從句的情況:①先行詞既包括人又包括物;②先行詞前有不定代詞修飾或本身為指物不定代詞or復(fù)合不定代詞時;③先行詞前有表示唯一概念的詞修飾;④先行詞被序數(shù)詞、adj.最高級修飾;⑤先行詞本身為疑問pron.時；or句中有疑問代詞；⑥關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作表語時,多用that ;,,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.n

24、et,① He talked loudly of the men and the books that attracted him.② You can take any seat that is free. ﹡ All that glitters is not gold. ﹡There is little / nothing that I can do.﹡Nothing is difficult for one who sets

25、 his mind to it.,,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,③ He is the only person that is reliable. These are the very points that interest me.④ The first step that we are to take is very diffi

26、cult. She has become one of the best actresses that appear on Chinese screens.,,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,⑤ Who that have studied with him do not admire him?Who is the man that

27、you were talking to when I saw you yesterday?⑥ She is not the girl that she was three years ago. Mary is no longer the girl that she used to be.,,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,☆介詞+關(guān)系代

28、詞 不定pron. / 數(shù)詞 + 介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞which / whom / whose + n.介詞判定依據(jù)：①介詞與關(guān)系代詞 (即先行詞)為固定搭配②介詞與從句中某一詞為固定搭配,,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,This is the room where / in which they lived for ten ye

29、ars.This is the room that / which they lived in for ten years.It is useful to be able to predict the extent to which a price change will affect supply and demand.,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,嫵媚人生 http://www

30、.5may.net,① Agriculture was a step in human progress ___ which subsequently there was nothing comparable until our own machine age. A to B for C in D from,,A,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,嫵

31、媚人生 http://www.5may.net,② I bought a dozen eggs, ____ broke when I dropped the box at the door. A six eggs B six eggs of them C six of them D six of which,,D,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net

32、,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,③ He introduced me to his students, ___ offered to go with me as a guide. A one of them B one student C one of whom D one of w

33、hich,,C,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,④ The residents, ____ had been damaged by the fire, were given help by the Red Cross. A all of their homes B all their homes C whose all ho

34、mes D all of whose homes,,D,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,⑤ This is the theory ____ which his experiment is based. A from B to C on D for,,C,嫵媚人生

35、 http://www.5may.net,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,☆時狀常見引導(dǎo)詞：＊ when, while, until / till, as, before, after, since, whenever, as soon as, once, ＊ n.短語： the moment / each time / every time / the distance …+

36、 clause＊ no sooner…than… hardly/ scarcely…when…,,,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,考點(diǎn)：1 when “正在這時……”2 It is a long time before / after …3 It is / was … since …（完成時）…4 no sooner…t

37、han… hardly/ scarcely…when…①時態(tài):主句用過去完成時; 從句用過去時.②否定副詞提到句首, 句子要部分倒裝.,,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,5 until / till ① not … until …② 強(qiáng)調(diào)句式: It is/was not until +從句 +

38、that +主句③ not提到句首,句子倒裝→ Not until +時間狀語（從句）+ 部分倒裝的主句,,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,1 I had just started back for the house to change my clothes ____ I heard voices. A as

39、 B when C after D while,,B,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,2 No sooner had we reached the top of the hill ____ we all sat down to rest. A when

40、 B then C than D until,,C,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,3 Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores, and this is especially true ___ it comes to class

41、room tests. A when B since C before D after,,A,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,4 A man escaped from the prison last night. It was a long time ____ the guards discove

42、red what had happened. A before B until C since D after,,A,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,5 You see the lightning ____ it happens, but you hear the thunder later. A

43、the instant B for an instant C on the instant D in an instant,,A,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,6 It was almost 10 years ___ I had seen her last time. A before

44、 B after C when D since,,D,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,☆地點(diǎn)狀語從句常見引導(dǎo)詞： where, whereverBoys always go to swim where the water is deep.Wher

45、e there is a will, there is a way.,,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,☆原因狀語從句常見引導(dǎo)詞： because, as, for（并列句）, since, that, in that, now that seeing (that)…; given (that)…,,嫵媚人生

46、 http://www.5may.net,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,She was disappointed that her services had been overlooked by her superiors.Seeing (that) he was better, they didn’t send for the doctor.,,嫵媚人生 ht

47、tp://www.5may.net,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,Given (that) she is interested in children, I’m sure teaching is the right career for her. == Given her interest in children, I’m sure teaching is the right career for her.,,

48、嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,☆結(jié)果狀語從句常見的引導(dǎo)詞： so(并列句), that, so that…; so…that…; such…that…; So much so that… 表示程度，引導(dǎo)結(jié)果分句,,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,

49、嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,--Does Allen like hamburgers?--Yes. So much so that he eats them almost every day.It was so cold that the river had frozen.It was such an interesting st

50、ory that I couldn’t stop reading it.,,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,☆目的狀語從句常見引導(dǎo)詞： that, so that…; in order that…; lest, for fear that … (虛擬語氣); in case … (虛擬語氣),,嫵媚人生 http://

51、www.5may.net,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,﹡Man does not live that he may eat, but eats that he may live.﹡Here is my telephone number so that you can call me when you arrive here next

52、time.﹡The driver looked at the engine carefully lest it (should) go wrong on the way.,,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,☆條件狀語從句常見引導(dǎo)詞： if, unless, as /so long as, in case (虛擬條件句用虛擬語氣),

53、 on condition that, providing / provided (that)…suppose / supposing (that)…,,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,You can’t pass the exam unless you work harder.If it rains tomorrow, I will

54、 go to school by taxi.I can lend you my dictionary as long as you can keep it clean.Please let me know in case he comes.,,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,She would be prepared to come t

55、o the party, provided / providing that she could bring her daughter.Supposing / Suppose all the doors were locked, how would you get into the house?,,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,☆讓步狀

56、語從句常見引導(dǎo)詞: though, although, as, even if/ though, while for all that...（盡管…… whether…or…（省略倒裝）; no matter + 特殊疑問詞 / 特殊疑問詞+-ever,,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,Even if it is raini

57、ng very hard, he would still go to take care of the young trees in the schoolyard.He is a good comrade for all that he may have shortcomings and faults.,,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,

58、1as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,必須用倒裝語序;though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句可倒裝可不倒裝;although引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句不能倒裝. 倒裝情況：a 把從句中作表語的adj./n.提到句首；若表語為單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，提前時要省略（即去掉）不定冠詞.b 把從句中作狀語的adv.提到句首.c 有時把從句中的謂語動詞原形提到句首.,,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,嫵媚人生 http://www

59、.5may.net,Air exists everywhere although we can’t see it. Though it was very late, they went on working.Child as he is ,he can speak English fluently.Much though he likes her, he doesn’t love her.Fail as he did, he w

60、ould try again.,,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,2 no matter+特殊疑問詞or特殊疑問詞+-ever引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句①注意詞序： no matter how / however + adj./adv. no matter what / whatever + n. +②從句中有時要用虛擬語氣: m

61、ay+動詞原形 或直接用動詞原形； 有時還要用倒裝語序;,,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,However rich people are, they always seem anxious to make money.No matter what difficulties we may have, we have co

62、nfidence in ourselves.,,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,Whatever may come, we won’t leave the work half done.→Come what may, we won’t leave the work half done.Whoever you be, you have n

63、o right to do such a thing.,,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,3 whether…or…引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，常省略whether,且把動詞原形be提到句首.Be rich or poor, he is kind to everybody. (Whether h

64、e is rich or poor)Be friend or foe, the law regards him as criminal. (Whether he is a friend or a foe, …),,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,☆方式狀語從句常見引導(dǎo)詞： as, as if / though (虛擬句用虛擬語氣)Wh

65、en in Rome, do as the Romans do.He looks as if he is ill. He talks as if he were a scholar.He speaks as if he had seen it with his own eyes. It looks as if it might rain.,,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,嫵媚人生

66、 http://www.5may.net,☆比較狀語從句常見引導(dǎo)詞： as /so…as…; … than …; The more…, the more…; the same as…; such…as… no less …than no more …than = not …any more than not so much …as… Eg,,嫵媚人生 http:/

67、/www.5may.net,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,① no less…than 表示“在……方面不比……差”John is no less hardworking than his sister, but he failed in the exam.,,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,② A…not…an

68、y more than B A…no more…than B… “正如A不能…, B也不能…” “A和B…一樣都不…”He is no more able to read Spanish than I am.= He is not able to read Spanish any more than I am.,,嫵媚人生 http://www.5may.net,嫵媚人生 http://