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1、ExcavatedSedimentaryRockasGeopolymerPrecursMukundLahoti1KengKhangWong1EnHuaYang1KangHaiTan1LouisNgaiYuenWong11.SchoolofCivilEnvironmentalEngineeringNanyangTechnologicalUniversitySingape639798SingapeAbstractThispaperrepts
2、ontheusageofexcavatedsedimentaryrocksfromJurongRockCavernsinSingapeasaprecurstoproducegeopolymers.Therocksweretransfmedtopowderfminasequenceofstepsincludingtheuseofhammerjawcrusherballmiller.Therockpowderwasacterizedusin
3、gXraydiffractometry(XRD)scanningelectronmicroscopy(SEM)energydispersiveXrayspectroscopy(EDX)particlesizeanalyzer.XRDresultsindicatethattherockpowderishighlycrystallinewhiletheelementalcompositionfoundfromEDXshowshighamou
4、ntsofsiliconaluminumintherockpowder.Theextentofdissolutionofsiliconaluminumionsiginatingfromtherockpowderinalkalinesolutionwasmeasuredusinginductivelycoupledplasmaopticalemissionspectrometry(ICPOES)wasfoundouttobeverysma
5、ll.Thisindicatesthatiftherockpowderisnotusedincombinationwithanactivegeopolymerprecurssuchasmetakaolinitwouldbeaveryweakgeopolymericprecurs.Furtheranumberofgeopolymertestspecimenswerepreparedbyadditionofdifferentamountso
6、frockpowdertometakaolinmixingthemtogetherwiththesodiumsilicatesolution.Thecompressivestrengthsofthehardenedspecimensweretested.Experimentalresultsindicatethatthoughtherockbyitselfcannotparticipatemuchinthegeopolymerizati
7、onreactionbutitcanverywellactasafillerhighcompressivestrengthscanbeattainedbykeepingtheSiAlratioofthegeopolymermixcloseto2.0.iginalitySingapeistryingtodeveloptheJurongrockcaverns(JRC)fcommercialpurposesasaresultahugeamou
8、ntofrockshavebeenexcavated.Thesesedimentaryrockshaveanenmouspotentialtobeutilizedasabuildingmaterialinparticularfsynthesisofgeopolymers.Theserocksarerichinsiliconaluminumelementstheycaneitherserveasaprecurstopartingeopol
9、ymerizationasfillermaterialingeopolymers.Indeedgeopolymerscouldbesynthesizedusingtheserocks.Eventhegeopolymerswithrockcontentashighas67%metakaolin33%couldgainstrengthashigh79MPa.Thustheutilityofthesesedimentaryrocksfromt
10、heJRCasaningredientfgeopolymersynthesisisthefirstiginalityofthisresearch.SecondiginalityisrelatedtotheabilityoftheseJRCrockstoparticipateingeopolymerization.Infactitwasfoundusinginductivelycoupledplasmaopticalemissionspe
11、ctrometry(ICPOES)thattheextentofdissolutionofthepowderedrocksinalkalinesolutionisverysmall.Thusiftherockpowderisusedaloneasageopolymerprecursitcannothardentofmgeopolymer.Butifusedinconjunctionwithapotentgeopolymericprecu
12、rslikemetakaolinitcanindeedserveasawellfittingfillermaterial.Keywds:geopolymerprecursfillerdissolutionamphous1Crespondingauth:Tel6567905291Fax6567910676Darkgreytoblack0.02~0.08Greytodarkgrey0.04~0.15Coursesiltstonefiness
13、toneIIIGreytodarkgrey0.06~0.2Greytolightgrey0.1~0.3Finetomediumsstone1IVGreytolightgrey0.1~0.4sstoneVGreytolightgrey0.07~0.5Finetomediumsstone2V1Figure1ClassificationofrocksbasedonthegrainsizecolTable3Classificationofthe
14、JRCrocksRocksampleno.StardsampleIDRockclassification1IFinesiltstone2IICoursesiltstone3IIICoursesiltstoneFinesstone4VSstoneFigure2Particlesizedistributionofrockthree2.3.ICPOESTheextentofdissolutionofrocksampleswasdetermin
15、edbymixing0.5gofeachsamplewith20mlofalkalinesolution(2510NofNaOH)atroomtemperaturef5hoursusingamagicstirrer.Aftercentrifugationfiltrationthesolutionpartwasdilutedto0.2Nalkalineconcentrationneutralizedby36%HCl.PerkinElmer
16、Optima8300wasusedtoanalyzethefilteredsolutions.2.4.XRDXrayDiffraction(XRD)datawasobtainedusingBrukerD8PowderXRDfeachrocksample.2.5.EDXEnergyDispersiveXrayspectroscopy(EDX)wasdonebyusingScanningElectronMicroscopyJEOLJSM63
17、60Atoidentifytheelementalcompositionofeachrocksample.2.6.SEMScanningelectronmicroscopy(SEM)wasconductedusingathermalFESEM(JSM7600F)atmagnificationlevels50k25k.Thesampleswereovendriedmountedonstubcoatedwithplatinumlayerpr
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