2011年考研英語（一）真題及參考答案

1、2011年全國(guó)碩士研究生入學(xué)考試英語年全國(guó)碩士研究生入學(xué)考試英語(一)試題試題SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwd(s)feachnumberedblankmark[A][B][C][D]onANSWERSHEET1.(10points)AncientGreekphilosopherAristotleviewedlaughteras“abo

2、dilyexerciseprecioustohealth.”But__1___someclaimstothecontrarylaughingprobablyhaslittleinfluenceonphysicalfitnessLaughterdoes__2___shttermchangesinthefunctionoftheheartitsbloodvessels___3_heartrateoxygenconsumptionButbec

3、ausehardlaughterisdifficultto__4__agoodlaughisunlikelytohave__5___benefitsthewaysaywalkingjoggingdoes.__6__insteadofstrainingmusclestobuildthemasexercisedoeslaughterapparentlyaccomplishesthe__7__studiesdatingbacktothe193

4、0’sindicatethatlaughter__8___musclesdecreasingmuscletonefupto45minutesafterthelaughdiesdown.Suchbodilyreactionmightconceivablyhelp_9__theeffectsofpsychologicalstress.Anywaytheactoflaughingprobablydoesproduceothertypesof_

5、__10___feedbackthatimproveanindividual’semotionalstate.__11____oneclassicaltheyofemotionourfeelingsarepartiallyrooted____12___physicalreactions.Itwasarguedattheendofthe19thcenturythathumansdonotcry___13___theyaresadbutth

6、eybecomesadwhenthetearsbegintoflow.Althoughsadnessalso____14___tearsevidencesuggeststhatemotionscanflow__15___muscularresponses.Inanexperimentpublishedin1988socialpsychologistFritzStrackoftheUniversityofwrzburginGermanya

7、skedvolunteersto__16___apeneitherwiththeirteeththerebycreatinganartificialsmile–withtheirlipswhichwouldproducea(n)__17___expression.Thosefcedtoexercisetheirenthusiasticallytofunnycatoonsthandidthosewhosemonthswerecontrac

8、tedinafrown____19___thatexpressionsmayinfluenceemotionsratherthanjusttheotherwayaround__20__thephysicalactoflaughtercouldimprovemood.1[A]among[B]except[C]despite[D]like2[A]reflect[B]dem[C]indicate[D]produce3[A]stabilizin

9、g[B]boosting[C]impairing[D]determining4[A]transmit[B]sustain[C]evaluate[D]observe5[A]measurable[B]manageable[C]affdable[D]renewable6[A]Inturn[B]Infact[C]Inaddition[D]Inbrief7[A]opposite[B]impossible[C]average[D]expected8

10、[A]hardens[B]weakens[C]tightens[D]relaxes9[A]aggravate[B]generate[C]moderate[D]enhance10[A]physical[B]mental[C]subconscious[D]internal11[A]Exceptf[B]Accdingto[C]Dueto[D]Asf12[A]with[B]on[C]in[D]at13[A]unless[B]until[C]if

11、[D]because14[A]exhausts[B]follows[C]precedes[D]suppresses15[A]into[B]from[C]towards[D]beyond16[A]fetch[B]bite[C]pick[D]hold17[A]disappointed[B]excited[C]joyful[D]indifferent18[A]adapted[B]catered[C]turned[D]reacted19[A]s

12、uggesting[B]requiring[C]mentioning[D]supposing20[A]Eventually[B]Consequently[C]Similarly[D]ConverselySectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A][B][

13、C][D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Text1ThedecisionoftheNewYkPhilharmonictohireAlanGilbertasitsnextmusicdirecthasbeenthetalkoftheclassicalmusicwldeversincethesuddenannouncementofhisappointmentin2009.Fthemostpa

14、rttheresponsehasbeenfavabletosaytheleast.“Hoay!Atlast!”wroteAnthonyTommasiniasobersidedclassicalmusiccritic.OneofthereasonswhytheappointmentcameassuchasurprisehoweveristhatGilbertiscomparativelylittleknown.EvenTommasiniw

15、hohadadvocatedGilbert’sappointmentintheTimescallshim“anunpretentiousmusicianwithnoairofthefableconductabouthim.”AsadeionofthenextmusicdirectofanchestrathathashithertobeenledbymusicianslikeGustavMahlerPierreBoulezthatseem

16、slikelytohavestruckatleastsomeTimesreadersasfaintpraise.FmypartIhavenoideawhetherGilbertisagreatconductevenagoodone.TobesureheperfmsanimpressivevarietyofinterestingcompositionsbutitisnotnecessaryfmetovisitAveryFisherHall

17、anywhereelsetohearinterestingchestralmusic.AllIhavetodoistogotomyCDshelfbootupmycomputerdownloadstillmerecdedmusicfromiTunes.Devotedconcertgoerswhoreplythatrecdingsarenosubstitutefliveperfmancearemissingthepoint.Fthetime

18、attentionmoneyoftheartlovingpublicclassicalinstrumentalistsmustcompetenotonlywithoperahousesdancetroupestheatercompaniesmuseumsbutalsowiththerecdedperfmancesofthegreatclassicalmusiciansofthe20thcentury.There[B]attendedto

19、.[C]huntedf.[D]guardedagainst.29.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat[A]topperfmersusedtoclingtotheirposts.[B]loyaltyoftopperfmersisgettingoutdated.[C]topperfmerscaremeaboutreputations.[D]it’ssafertosticktothetraditio

20、nalrules.30.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitlefthetext[A]CEOs:WheretoGo[B]CEOs:AlltheWayUp[C]TopManagersJumpwithouta[D]TheOnlyWayOutfTopPerfmersText3Theroughguidetomarketingsuccessusedtobethatyougotwhatyoupaidf.Nolonger.W

21、hiletraditional“paid”media–suchastelevisioncommercialsprintadvertisements–stillplayamajrolecompaniestodaycanexploitmanyalternativefmsofmedia.Consumerspassionateaboutaproductmaycreate“owned”mediabysendingemailalertsaboutp

22、roductssalestocustomersregisteredwithitsWebsite.Thewayconsumersnowapproachthebroadrangeoffactsbeyondconventionalpaidmedia.Paidownedmediaarecontrolledbymarketerspromotingtheirownproducts.Fearnedmediasuchmarketersactasthei

23、nitiatfusers’responses.Butinsomecasesonemarketer’sownedmediabecomeanothermarketer’spaidmedia–finstancewhenanecommerceretailersellsadspaceonitsWebsite.Wedefinesuchsoldmediaasownedmediawhosetrafficissostrongthatotherganiza

24、tionsplacetheircontentecommerceengineswithinthatenvironment.Thistrendwhichwebelieveisstillinitsinfancyeffectivelybeganwithretailerstravelproviderssuchasairlineshotelswillnodoubtgofurther.Johnson&Johnsonfexamplehascreated

25、BabyCenterastalonemediapropertythatpromotescomplementaryevencompetitiveproducts.Besidesgeneratingincomethepresenceofothermarketersmakesthesiteseemobjectivegivescompaniesopptunitiestolearnvaluableinfmationabouttheappealof

26、othercompanies’marketingmayhelpexpusertrafficfallcompaniesconcerned.Thesamedramatictechnologicalchangesthathaveprovidedmarketerswithme(mediverse)communicationschoiceshavealsoincreasedtheriskthatpassionateconsumerswillvoi

27、cetheiropinionsinquickermevisiblemuchmedamagingways.Suchhijackedmediaaretheoppositeofearnedmedia:anassetcampaignbecomeshostagetoconsumersotherstakeholdersactivistswhomakenegativeallegationsaboutabrproduct.Membersofsocial

28、wksfinstancearelearningthattheycanhijackmediatoapplypressureonthebusinessesthatiginallycreatedthem.Ifthathappenspassionateconsumerswouldtrytopersuadeotherstoboycottproductsputtingthereputationofthetargetcompanyatrisk.Ins

29、uchacasethecompany’sresponsemaynotbesufficientlyquickthoughtfulthelearningcurvehasbeensteep.ToyotaMotfexamplealleviatedsomeofthedamagefromitsrecallcrisisearlierthisyearwitharelativelyquickwellchestratedsocialmediarespons

30、ecampaignwhichincludedefftstoengagewithconsumersdirectlyonsitessuchasTwitterthesocialnewssiteDigg.31.Consumersmaycreate“earned”mediawhentheyare[A]obscssedwithonlineshoppingatcertainWebsites.[B]inspiredbyproductpromotinge

31、mailssenttothem.[C]eagertohelptheirfriendspromotequalityproducts.[D]enthusiasticaboutrecommendingtheirfaviteproducts.32.AccdingtoParagraph2soldmediafeature[A]asafebusinessenvironment.[B]romcompetition.[C]strongusertraffi

32、c.[D]flexibilityinganization.33.TheauthindicatesinParagraph3thatearnedmedia[A]inviteconstantconflictswithpassionateconsumers.[B]canbeusedtoproducenegativeeffectsinmarketing.[C]mayberesponsibleffiercercompetition.[D]deser

33、veallthenegativecommentsaboutthem.34.ToyotaMot’sexperienceiscitedasanexampleof[A]respondingeffectivelytohijackedmedia.[B]persuadingcustomersintoboycottingproducts.[C]cooperatingwithsupptiveconsumers.[D]takingadvantageofh

34、ijackedmedia.35.Whichofthefollowingisthetextmainlyabout[A]Alternativestoconventionalpaidmedia.[B]Conflictbetweenhijackedearnedmedia.[C]Dominanceofhijackedmedia.[D]Popularityofownedmedia.Text4It’snosurprisethatJenniferSen

35、i’sinsightfulprovocativemagazinecoversty“IloveMyChildrenIHateMyLife”isarousingmuchchatter–nothinggetspeopletalkinglikethesuggestionthatchildrearingisanythinglessthanacompletelyfulfillinglifeenrichingexperience.Ratherthan