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1、第5講 介詞,一、選詞填空,1.The train is leaving ________ (in, for) half an hour.,2.Mary is good________ (in, at) English but her friend does,well________ (on, in) math.,3 . I haven't heard ________ (of, from) my aunt for nearl
2、y,three years.,4.Jack often reads Chinese________ (on, in) the morning and,he also read it________ (on, in) the morning of the bigearthquake________ (at, on) May 12th, 2008.,5.It's nice________
3、(for, of) you to help my son________ (on,,with) his chemistry.,,in,at,in,from,in,on,on,of,with,二、完成句子,每空一詞,1.山上覆蓋著雪。,The mountain________ ________ ________ ________.,2.她站在那里,面帶微笑。,She stands there________ ________ ______
4、__.,3.河上面有座橋。,There is a bridge ________ the river.,4.酒店就在你的左邊。,The hotel is ________ ________ ________.,5.這件衣服是棉質(zhì)的。,This dress is made ________ cotton.,is covered with snow,with a
5、 smile,over,on your left,of,★再現(xiàn)中考★表示時(shí)間的介詞,題1,(2013 年梅州 )—When did the earthquake in Lushan,happen?—It happened ________ 8:02 ________ the morning of April20, 2013.,A.on; in,B.a(chǎn)t; in,C.
6、at; on,D.on; on,[點(diǎn)撥]選C。時(shí)間點(diǎn)前用at;表示具體的某一天早晨用on,故選C。,題2,(2012 年佛山)You must come ________ 7:00,o'clock.The meeting will begin then.,A.in,B.a(chǎn)fter,C.before,[點(diǎn)撥]選C。before 表示“在……之前”,后面接時(shí)間點(diǎn)。根據(jù)題意“你必須在 7 點(diǎn)以前來(lái)。會(huì)議將在那個(gè)時(shí)候開始?!?/p>
7、可知選 C。,表示地點(diǎn)、方位的介詞,題,(2012 年廣東)—Why are you standing, Alice?,—I can't see the blackboard clearly.Two tall boys aresitting________ me.,A.behind.,B.next to C.between,D.in front of,[ 點(diǎn)撥] 選 D 。behind 意為“在
8、……后面”;next to 意為“在……旁邊”;between 意為“在……中間”;in front of 意為“在……前面”。句意:“Alice,你為什么站著?”“我不能看清楚黑板。兩個(gè)高個(gè)子男生坐我前面?!惫蔬x D。,,表示方式、手段的介詞,題1,(2014 年佛山)It's impolite to talk ________ your mouth,full during a meal.,A.for,B.w
9、ith,C.without,[點(diǎn)撥]選B。由 impolite 可推出是“嘴中帶有食物”,故選 B。題2 (2012 年廣東)I am looking forward to a holiday __79__homework so that I can relax and have some time for my hobbies.[ 點(diǎn)撥] 填without 。根據(jù)“I can relax and have
10、 some time formy hobbies.”可知是“沒(méi)有作業(yè)”。,,介詞及介詞短語(yǔ)辨析,題1,(2014 年廣東)Most people are ________ building a,paper factory near here.They are worried the river will get polluted.,A.for,B.with,C.a(chǎn)gainst,D.beyond,[點(diǎn)撥]選C。根據(jù)第二句話可知空格處
11、應(yīng)是“反對(duì)”,故用against。,題2,(2014 年廣東)Things do not come easily in life.That is,what I have learned __80__ my grandfather.[點(diǎn)撥]填from。learn from 為固定短語(yǔ)。,,題3,(2013 年廣東)—Kelly, who's the girl ________ glasses,in the photo?
12、—It's me.I used to wear glasses and have long hair.,A.by,B.of,C.on,D.with,[點(diǎn)撥]選D。句意:“Kelly,在照片中那個(gè)戴眼鏡的女孩是誰(shuí)???”“是我。我過(guò)去常常戴著眼鏡并且留著長(zhǎng)發(fā)?!眞ith表示“伴隨”,意為“帶著,附有”。,題4,(2013 年廣東)__75__ then on, every year on this day,,peo
13、ple...[點(diǎn)撥]填 From。固定短語(yǔ) from then on 意為“從那時(shí)起”。,介詞的基本用法,1.介詞是虛詞,在句中一般不能單獨(dú)使用,必須和它的賓語(yǔ)即后面的名詞、代詞等構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ),才能在句中作狀語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)等。如:,The girl will be back in two hours.這個(gè)女孩兩小時(shí)后回來(lái)。,(作狀語(yǔ)),Our English teacher is from England
14、.我們的英語(yǔ)老師來(lái)自英,國(guó)。(作表語(yǔ)),Let me tell you something about him.讓我告訴你關(guān)于他的一,些事情。(作定語(yǔ)),They keep their hands behind their backs. 他們把手背在身,后。(作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)),2.介詞后面一般接名詞、動(dòng)名詞或(賓格/名詞性物主)代詞。,如:,We can't live without water.沒(méi)有水我們不能生存。(后接名,詞)
15、,I study English by listening to tapes.我通過(guò)聽磁帶學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。,(后接動(dòng)名詞、名詞),We all went there except him.除了他沒(méi)去,我們都去了。(后,接賓格代詞),My chair is made of wood.What about yours? 我的椅子是木,制的。你的呢?(后接名詞、名詞性物主代詞),典題分析,題1,(2014 年河南)A conversation _
16、_______ a wise person,is worth ten years' study of books.,A.for,B.like,C.with,D.to,[點(diǎn)撥]選C。本題句意為:聽君一席話,勝讀十年書。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,“A conversation ________ a wise person”在句中作主語(yǔ),a wise person在此表示談話的對(duì)象,所以應(yīng)用介詞with表達(dá)。故選 C。,(2
17、013 年南寧 )There are four people ________ my,題2family.,A.on,B.a(chǎn)t,C.in,D.of,[點(diǎn)撥]選C。根據(jù)句意“在我家有 4 口人。”可知選 C,意為“在……里”。,題3,(2012 年天津)—Would you please show me the way,________ the bank?—Yes, go straight ahead.It's o
18、pposite a school.,A.in,B.for,C.with,D.to,[點(diǎn)撥]選D。the way to 意為“到……去的路”。,表示時(shí)間的in, on, at, by, before, after, for, since, from,,until,(續(xù)表),(續(xù)表),注意:(1)“after+時(shí)間段”與“時(shí)間段+later”可互換。如:He came back after an hour. =He came back
19、an hour later. 他,一小時(shí)后就回來(lái)了。,(2)ago 是副詞,意為“以前”,表示從現(xiàn)在起到過(guò)去某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)之前的時(shí)間。與before 不同,它不能與表示時(shí)間點(diǎn)的狀語(yǔ)連用,只能與表示時(shí)間段的狀語(yǔ)連用,放在表示時(shí)間段的名詞之后,一般只用于過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。如:,I met him three years ago.我三年前見過(guò)他。,(3)在時(shí)間詞(morning, afternoon, evening, Sunday...)前
20、有 last,next, this, that, tomorrow, tonight 等詞修飾時(shí),不再用介詞。如:,I will go to the cinema this evening.今晚我將去看電影。,典題分析,題1,(2014年長(zhǎng)沙 )Mother's Day is ________ the second,Sunday in May in the United States.,A.on,B.in,C.a(chǎn)t,[點(diǎn)撥]
21、選A。表示在具體的某一天用介詞on。,題2,(2013 年黃岡)—When is Jay's concert?,—It' s________ three o' clock________ the afternoon of July18th.,A.a(chǎn)t; in,B.a(chǎn)t; on,C.on; in,D.in; on,[點(diǎn)撥]選B。表示在幾點(diǎn)鐘用介詞at; 表示具體某日的上午、下午或晚上用介詞on。,表示地點(diǎn)和
22、方位的in, at, on, to,注意:(1)in the wall 在墻里面(表示物體鑲嵌在其中);on the,wall 在墻上(表示物體貼/掛在墻表面)。如:,There is a big window in the wall.墻上有一扇大窗戶。There is a map on the wall.墻上有一張地圖。,(2)on the tree 在樹上(樹葉、果實(shí)等長(zhǎng)在樹上或其他物體固定懸掛在樹枝上);in th
23、e tree 在樹上(外來(lái)物棲息、停留在樹上)。如:,There are many apples on the tree.樹上有很多蘋果。,There is a bird singing in the tree.有一只鳥兒正在樹上唱歌。,典題分析,題1,(2014 年重慶A 卷)Mr.Green's office is ________ the,26th floor.You can take the lift there
24、.,A.a(chǎn)t,B.in,C.on,D.for,[點(diǎn)撥]選C。表示在第幾樓用介詞 on。,題2,(2013年濱州 )It's reported that President Xi Jinping,arrived ________ Moscow ________ March 22nd to pay athree-day visit to Russia.,A.a(chǎn)t; on,B.in; on,C.a(chǎn)t; in,D.i
25、n; in,[點(diǎn)撥]選B。arrive 后跟大地點(diǎn)時(shí)用介詞 in;在具體某一天前用介詞 on。故選 B。,題3,(2012 年北京)—Is your father home?,—No, he's working late ________ the office.,A.on,B.a(chǎn)t,C.of,D.to,[點(diǎn)撥]選 B。句意:他在辦公室里工作得很晚。表示“在辦公室”用介詞 at,故選 B。,表示方位的above, ove
26、r, below, under,典題分析,題1,(2013 年安徽) Mrs.King put a coat________ the,sleeping girl to keep her warm.,A.over,B.with,C.behind,D.beside,[點(diǎn)撥]選A。over 意為“在……上面”;with 意為“和”;behind 意為“在……后面”; beside 意為“在……旁邊”。根據(jù)句意“為了保暖,金夫人在睡
27、著的小女孩身上放上了一件外套。”可知選A。,題2,(2013年無(wú)錫)Ice is not often seen here in winter as the,temperature normally stays ________ zero.,A.up,B.down,C.a(chǎn)bove,D.below,[點(diǎn)撥]選C。up 在……的上面;down 在……的下面;above在上面;below 在下面。句意:這兒冬天很少看到冰,因?yàn)闅?/p>
28、溫通常在零度以上。stay above zero 意為“在零度以上”。,表示方位的 in front of, in the front of,典題分析,(2012 年柳州)A dog is sitting in front ________ the,題house.,A.on,B.of,C.to,[點(diǎn)撥]選B。in front of 是固定搭配。,between 和 among 的區(qū)別,典題分析,題1,(2013年襄陽(yáng))—What
29、 do you often do ________,classes to relax yourselves?—We often do eye exercises, listen to music or do somerunning around the school.,A.inC.between,B.a(chǎn)mongD.through,[點(diǎn)撥]選C。in在里面;among三者或三者以上之間;betwe
30、en兩者之間;through 通過(guò)。根據(jù)句意“課間你們通常干什么放松自己?”可知選 C。,題2,(2012年包頭)His grade in the exam put him ________,the top students in his class.,A.betweenC.a(chǎn)mong,B.overD.a(chǎn)bove,[點(diǎn)撥]選C。between 意為“在……(兩者)之間”;over 意為“在……之上”;am
31、ong 意為“在……(三者或三者以上)之間”;above 意為“在……之上”。根據(jù)句意“他的考試成績(jī)讓他進(jìn)入了他們班的尖子生之中?!笨芍窃谌咭陨现g,故選 C。,across, through 和 past 表示“穿過(guò)”的區(qū)別,注意:go/walk across 相當(dāng)于cross (動(dòng)詞,意為“越過(guò),橫,過(guò)”)。,典題分析,題1,(2014 年煙臺(tái))—Would you please tell me the way
32、 to,the Pacific Hotel?—Go ________ the post office, and you will find it on the left.,A.passC.to pass,B.pastD.passed,[點(diǎn)撥]選B。句意是“走過(guò)郵局,就會(huì)找到它。”go past=pass,故選B。,題2,(2013年麗水)Before the bridge was built ________ t
33、he,river, the villagers had to take a boat to the other side.,A.inC.a(chǎn)cross,B.besideD.a(chǎn)long,[點(diǎn)撥]選 C。in 意為“在……里面”;beside 意為“在……旁邊”;across 意為“橫跨,穿過(guò)”;along 意為“沿著”。句意:在這座橋被跨河建起之前,村民們不得不乘船去河對(duì)岸。此處強(qiáng)調(diào)的是橋“橫跨”在河流之上,
34、應(yīng)該用 across,故選 C。,題3,—I left my keys in the room yesterday.I had to get,in________ the window.—It's dangerous to do that.,A.inC.over,B.throughD.to,[點(diǎn)撥]選B。in 意為“在……里面”;through 意為“穿過(guò)”;over 意為“在……上面”;to 意為“往”
35、。由句意“我昨天把我的鑰匙落在房間了。我不得不穿過(guò)窗戶來(lái)拿鑰匙?!薄斑@樣太危險(xiǎn)了。”可知是表示“穿過(guò)”窗戶,故選 B。,in, on, with 和 by 表示方式或手段的區(qū)別,注意:除了by 之外,in 和on 也可以表示使用某種交通工具,但后兩者需要使用冠詞或形容詞,且要注意與交通工具的搭配。如:,by car/plane/boat=in a car/plane/boat 乘小車/飛機(jī)/小船by bus
36、/train/bike=on a bus/train/bike 乘公交車/火車/自行車,典題分析,(2014 年河北)You see, Kevin is writing ________ his,題1left hand.,A.atC.for,B.a(chǎn)sD.with,[點(diǎn)撥]選D。表示“使用……”用介詞 with。,題2,(2013 年鞍山)You can improve your English,________ re
37、ading more.,A.inC.by,B.withD.of,[點(diǎn)撥]選C。in 表示“在……里面”;with 意為“用,和”;by 意為“通過(guò)”,后面常接動(dòng)詞-ing 形式;of 意為“……的”。根據(jù)句意“你可以通過(guò)多讀提高你的英語(yǔ)?!笨芍xC。,題3,(2012 年菏澤)—What does your new English teacher,look like?—She is a pretty la
38、dy________ long hair.,A.a(chǎn)tC.with,B.forD.of,[點(diǎn)撥]選C。由問(wèn)句可知,本題詢問(wèn)“你的新英語(yǔ)老師長(zhǎng)什么樣?”,答語(yǔ)回答“她是一位留著長(zhǎng)發(fā)的漂亮女士?!庇捎诰渲杏兄^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 is,所以用 with 的介詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ), 表示“帶有”的意思,來(lái)限定 lady。,besides 和 except 的區(qū)別,典題分析,題,(2012 年蘭州 )—All the workers we
39、nt home yesterday,________ Mr.White.Why?—Because he was on duty.,A.except,B.besides,C.except for,D.beside,[點(diǎn)撥]選A。except, besides, expect for 均表示“除……之外”;besides 與 except 的區(qū)別是前者包含其本身,后者不包含。except for 與 except 的區(qū)別是前者
40、前后事物是不同類的,后者是同類的。由句意“為什么除了懷特先生所有的工人昨天都回家?”“因?yàn)樗蛋??!笨芍x A。,介詞的用法,at 黎明、午夜、點(diǎn)與分,山腳、門口、價(jià)、核心。語(yǔ)言、,單位、材料、筆墨與顏色,早、午、晚要用 in。,將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài) in...以后,小處 at 大處 in。年、月、季節(jié)、周,,陽(yáng)光、燈、影、衣、帽 in。,步行、驢、馬、玩笑,關(guān)于、農(nóng)場(chǎng)、值日、收音,節(jié)日、,日期、年月日,星期加上早、午、晚 on,,年、
41、月、日加早、午、晚,of 之前 on 代 in。,工具、隨同、具有、和with,有形 with 無(wú)形by,海、陸、,空、車、偶、被 by。,this, that, tomorrow, yesterday, next, last, one,接年、月、季、,星期、周,介詞省略已習(xí)慣。,over, under 正上下,above, below 則不然。 besides, except,分內(nèi)外,among 之內(nèi) along 沿。,before,
42、 after 表一點(diǎn),ago, later 表一段。in 內(nèi) on 外表位置,,山、水、國(guó)界 to 在前。,附:初中英語(yǔ)??冀樵~短語(yǔ),at once 立刻at the age of 在……歲時(shí)at the end of 在……之末at the foot of 在……腳下at night/noon 在夜里/中午after class 課后according to 根據(jù),at last 最后
43、at first 起初,首先at the beginning of 在……之初at the same time 同時(shí)after a while 過(guò)了一會(huì)兒all over 到處,遍及,結(jié)束as a result (作為)結(jié)果,with one's help 在某人的幫助下,with the help of 在……的幫助下,with a smile 面帶微笑from now on 從現(xiàn)在
44、起for example 例如,with one's own eyes 親眼看見from then on 從那時(shí)起far away from 遠(yuǎn)離,from morning till night 從早到晚from time to time 不時(shí),偶爾,from...to...從……到……by air/bike 乘飛機(jī)/騎自行車by the window 在窗邊,because of 因?yàn)?/p>
45、,由于by the way 順便說(shuō)by the end of 到……為止,in all 總共,in fact 事實(shí)上,in one's twenties 在某人二十幾歲時(shí)in the middle of 在……中間in surprise 吃驚,驚訝,in a hurry 匆忙in time 及時(shí)in order 有序的/地,in need of 需要,缺少in turns 依次
46、in public 當(dāng)眾,in other words 換句話說(shuō)in order to 為了……instead of 代替;而不是,in danger 處在危險(xiǎn)狀態(tài)on one's way to 在某人去……的路上,on duty 值日;值班on time 準(zhǔn)時(shí)on the other hand 另一方面,on show 展出on foot 步行,走路on/at the weekend
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