高增益自發(fā)參量過程的多光子關(guān)聯(lián)效應(yīng)

1、學(xué)號： 200906304010 分類號： 碩 士 學(xué) 位 論 文 高增益自發(fā)參量過程的多光子關(guān)聯(lián)效應(yīng) 研 究 生 姓 名 ： 張學(xué)智 指 導(dǎo) 教 師： 孫金祚 學(xué) 科 門 類： 理學(xué) 專 業(yè) 名 稱： 理論物理 論文提交日期： 2012 年 3 月 31 日 煙臺大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文 煙臺大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文 II Abstract Abstract Quantum entanglemen

2、t is the core resource for quantum information and quantum computation. In experiments, the source of quantum entanglement is often acquired from the spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) process of a nonlinear c

3、rystal. Since the quantum efficiency of SPDC is very low, it is reasonable to think that the converted beam contains two correlated photons, the signal photon and idler photon, which are converted from a pump photon. The

4、 two entangled photons can be regarded as in a pure two-photon entangled state. However, in a real SPDC process, the nonlinear crystal can radiate a large number of photons, and these photons can manifest effects of quan

5、tum entanglement and thermal light correlation. From this point of view, the pure two-photon entangled state does not work in the high-gain SPDC process. In this thesis, we calculate high-order correlation function of mu

6、lti-photon interference in the case of high-gain SPDC with field input-output relation of the nonlinear crystals. We find the effects of quantum entanglement and thermal light correlation can interfere, or be coupled wit

7、h each other. In the theoretical analysis of two-photon correlation in Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interferometer, we find that thermal light correlation contributes a background term to the quantum entanglement effects. When t

8、he SPDC gain increases, the background term increases, too. We calculate the arbitrary Nth-order photon correlation function of quantum lithography with SPDC light, and the simulation shows that the fringe visibility dec

9、reases when the SPDC gain increases. A compensative way is to increase the correlation order N. Our analysis also shows that one can never surpass the two-photon diffraction limit with N photon measurement. We further in

10、vestigate the double slit interference with SPDC light beams, by calculating the second-order, third-order and fourth-order correlation functions. We find that the effects of entanglement and thermal light correlation i

11、nterfere each other when the order N>2. According to the simulations on the quantum entanglement effects in the fourth- and sixth-order correlation functions, we find multi-photon subwavelength interference patterns c