附錄筆記常用符號(hào)和縮略語(建議打印)

1、附錄一 附錄一 筆記常用符號(hào)和縮略語 筆記常用符號(hào)和縮略語 (Note-taking: Useful Signs and Abbreviations)1．常用筆記符號(hào)： 常用筆記符號(hào)：符號(hào) 符號(hào) 信息意義 信息意義箭頭符號(hào) 箭頭符號(hào)↑ 上升；提高；增強(qiáng)；上漲；增長(zhǎng)；擴(kuò)大；起飛；升空；提拔；晉升 （grow, expand, develop, ris

2、e, go up, increase , ascend, launch, skyrocket, soar, appreciation, promote, upwards）↓ 下降；下沉；降低；滑坡；轟炸；減少；惡化；降職；削減/裁減（drop to, bomb, jump, go down, descend, decrease, deteriorate, depreciation, reduce, downwa

3、rds）↗ 上揚(yáng)；漸漸好轉(zhuǎn)（become better and better）↘ 下挫；不斷虧損（become worse and worse）→ 出口；去；向前；出國(guó)；前往；運(yùn)往；導(dǎo)致；發(fā)展成為… （export to, enter, arrive in/at, present to, result in, send to, transmit to, lead to, export

4、 to, cause）← 回顧；從前；進(jìn)口；倒退；來自；源于（come from, originate from, receive from, go back to, import from）例如：café ← French 意為: café 源自于法語數(shù)學(xué)符號(hào) 數(shù)學(xué)符號(hào)+ 增加；補(bǔ)充；除此之外；另外(furthermore, in addition to, with, and,

5、 besides, etc)— 減少；刪除；缺乏（minus, lack, deduct, except, subtract）× 表示“不對(duì)的，錯(cuò)的，壞的，不好的，臭名昭著的”（mistake, incorrect, wrong, bad, inappropriate, notorious）> 超過，大于，勝過，優(yōu)于（more than, bigger than, surpass,

6、better than, superior to）＞＞ 大大超過 (much greater than, much more than)< 小于，不足，次于，遜色（fewer than, less than, worse than, inferior to）＜＜ 遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)少于 (much less than)= 等于符號(hào)（equal) 在聽力筆記中相當(dāng)于“與…一樣

7、”（equal to, the same as)， 另外可以表示“是…的對(duì)手“（a rival, a competitor)等意思。還可以表示“同等”概念 (means, that is to say, in other words, the same as, etc)≠ 表示否定意思“不等于”（not equal to )， “不同” （be different from） ，或者“無敵、不是…對(duì)手”（matchle

8、ss, peerless, no match for）≈ 表示“大約，左右”（approximately, around, about, or so）∑ 總和；總數(shù)（total, the total number/sum, totally）∵ 表示“原因，理由”（because, owing to, thanks to, due to）∴ 表示“結(jié)果、結(jié)論”（the

9、refore, as a result, consequently, so）標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào) 標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)： 表示“說，告訴，認(rèn)為，宣稱，聲明，抗議，譬如”（say, speak, tell, declare, announce, protest, such as）? 表示“問題，疑問，問”（problem, issue, question, doubt, suspicious, skeptical, 

10、6; 表示“人，人民”(person, people)。如：中°，US°，經(jīng)°，物°～ 表示“交流，交換，替代，相互”（exchange, replace, mutual, each other）// ? 表示“停頓/止，終止”（stop, halt, complete, finish）?? 表示“渠道”(channel, t

11、unnel, tube, pipe, ditch)? 表示高興（happy, glad, pleased, delighted, enjoy）∈ 表示“屬于” (belong to)☆ 星號(hào)常表示“重點(diǎn)，重心，重視，優(yōu)秀，杰出，” 1) important, significant, key, crucial, critical, meaningful, essential, decisive, con

12、sequential, 2) outstanding, distinguished, marked, remarkable, notable, excellent, perfect, eminent, famous, well-known, well-recognized, great, prominent, prestigious, extraordinary, glorious, noteworthy, grand, magnifi

13、cent3) wonderful, terrific, fantastic, fabulous, marvelous4) chief, primary, main, major, dominant, overwhelming, most5) emphasize, stress, focus, underscore, underline, highlight, attach great importance to, lay stress

14、on, pay attention to* 表示“特征，特點(diǎn)”(feature, character, characteristic, symbol, sign, peculiarity, attribute, quality, nature, trademark, mark, specialty⊕ 表示“醫(yī)院，紅十字”（hospital, red cross）TM 商標(biāo)

15、 ￡ 英鎊 ＄ 美元 ￥ 人民幣 2. 常用字母所代表的含義 常用字母所代表的含義y 年 yearM 月 monthw 周 weekh 小時(shí) hourm 分鐘 minutes 秒鐘 secondd 日子，今天

16、 day, today.2y 兩年以前 two years agoc 世紀(jì) centurye 經(jīng)濟(jì) economy economicsf 金融 finance, financialg 政府 governmentn 多個(gè) many, much, severalp 政治，政黨，政權(quán) politics, policy, partys 科學(xué)，社會(huì) science, societyv 勝利，成功 victory

17、, triumph, success, achievement3. 常見國(guó)際組織縮寫 常見國(guó)際組織縮寫聯(lián)合國(guó) UN = United Nations安理會(huì) SC = Security Council聯(lián)合國(guó)計(jì)劃開發(fā)署 UNDP = United Nations Development Program聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織 UNESCO = United

18、 Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization 聯(lián)合國(guó)兒童基金會(huì) UNICEF = United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund國(guó)際貨幣基金組織 IMF = International Monetary Fund聯(lián)合國(guó)國(guó)際法庭 ICJ = Intern