[雙語翻譯]--高分子材料與工程外文翻譯--來自天然橡膠（nr）和海洋產(chǎn)品的軟生物復(fù)合材料（英文）

1、© 2014 Woodhead Publishing Limited30311 Soft bio-composites from natural rubber (NR) and marine productsS. PoomPradub, Chulalongkorn university, ThailandDOI: 10.1533/9780857096913.2.303Abstract: bio-composites have

2、attracted considerable attention due to their low cost, bio-degradability and potentially sustainably renewable nature. This is especially the case for those bio-composites whose components are free from competition (

3、moral and economic) from other sources, especially food crops, or environmental damage. There are abundant ways to preserve the environment together with the development of new composite materials. The available waste

4、 from the food industry that comes from marine animals is composed of very large amounts of endo- or exo-skeletons. These consist of calcium carbonate (CaCo3) or chitin and can be used as reinforcing fillers for natur

5、al rubber. Under optimal curing conditions and filler levels, green CaCo3 derived from cuttlebones could provide improved mechanical and biodegradable properties to Nr vulcanizates as the non-green commercial CaCo3.Ke

6、y words: natural rubber (NR), marine products, bio-based filler, calcium carbonate.11.1 IntroductionThe world is composed of the three main physical domains of land and water on the surface with air above, with all li

7、fe being dependent upon water. almost 80% of the surface area of the earth is water (oceans, seas, rivers, lakes, etc.). The aquaculture industry (both inland and coastal) is increasing due to improvements in aquacult

8、ure methodologies and an increase in human population. High and increasing rates of seafood consumption lead to the problem of increasing amounts of non-utilized components of marine food products, i.e. waste. The sus

9、tainable, cheap and abundant supply of waste from marine food products, including aquacultured species, has been evaluated for various uses. This chapter reviews the use of marine product wastes as a filler for natura

10、l rubber (NR), and specifically their use to improve the properties of Nr composites.The depleting reserves of non-renewable fossil fuels and increasing awareness of environmental issues for the future sustainability o

11、f human life on the planet have led to an increasing interest in the development of sustainably renewable green materials and composites. accordingly, more people are concerned about the development of the next genera

12、tion of 305 Soft bio-composites from natural rubber and marine productsas seen in Table 11.1, from the ten examples shown, a fairly diverse array of marine products is currently used based upon having a major compositio

13、n of CaCo3, chitin (typically used as the derivative chitosan), protein, carbohydrate, or silica (Sio2). Such CaCo3, chitin or Sio2-based wastes can be used as reinforcing fillers. In general, carbon black, SiO2 and C

14、aCo3 have been the most commonly used agents as reinforcing fillers in various rubber applications. reinforcement is expressed as an enhancement of the modulus, tensile properties, hardness, tear resistance or abrasio

15、n resistance. However, carbon black and Sio2 are currently obtained as non-renewable materials from the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbon feedstock and chemical processes, respectively. CaCo3 has been utilized as g

16、eneral filler to improve the properties of various kinds of rubber and plastic composites for many years. Consequently, this has focused the attention of scientists to develop these and other green materials as effici

17、ent reinforcing fillers. The aim is to reduce the processing cost and final price of the greener products, as well as to help protect the environment, compared to the use of traditional synthetic fillers. When obtaine

18、d from marine products, CaCo3 is an eco-friendly substance that self-degrades in nature, is abundant, easy to obtain and has a low price due to it being a waste product from the seafood industry. The application of Ca

19、Co3 in industries has grown significantly over the last 30 years. amongst these uses, CaCo3 particles have been utilized as fillers in the rubber industry to impart specific beneficial properties to the composite rubb

20、er products and to reduce the cost of the products. additionally, CaCo3 finds applications in the plastics, paints and surface coatings, paper, food and Oyster Blue mussel shell CuttleboneLobster Coral Diatom11.1 Six re