安全連續(xù)采礦的非爆破破巖技術(shù)畢業(yè)論文外文翻譯

1、第 1 頁中文 中文 3712 3712 字Non-explosive Rock Breaking Technologies for Safe and Continuous MiningK.K.KabongoKey words：Mining Consultant，Yonke Services (Pty) Limited，31 Impala Road Chislehurston，Sandton，Johannesburg，RSAABSTRA

2、CT：Several mines in South Africa (SA),like in many other parts of the world, use drill and blast as means of rock breaking for ore extraction. Despite cost effectiveness high explosive mining does not guarantee optimal t

3、otal mining costs.Its low energy efficiencies and the hazardous nature of blasting, i.e. poor safety records especially in deep mines, create a need for intensive reseach and development into safer and more productive t

4、echnologies. Surely mechanised mining is the ultimate option. Many attempts to use heavy machines in narrow vein deposits at great depths have however resulted in disappointment. Over the last three years, the quest for

5、nonexplosives breaking technologies has gained momentum. The industry is desperately looking for a face saving system to uplife productivity , ensure safe mining underground, prevent and damaged-control the impact of th

6、e devastating HIV/AIDS on the future of mining. Propellant based non-explosive rock breaking is positioning itself so as to capture the opinion in the industry. It is considered a midway between cheaper but life-threaten

7、ing explosives and the capital intensive and uncompromising mechanised mining.Many non-explosive products being trailed in the industry: Swartklip’s Boulder , Rocksplitter, Brandrill’s Penetration Cone Fracture (P

8、CF),NXCO’s Nonex and Altex’s Safex to name a few . All these systems have unique merits and they all claim different levels of success in breaking rock under varying conditions, however they all lack the Hercul

9、ean power (Cunningham 2002), “the oomph”,to properly clean out the rock burdens consistently to the satisfaction of the industry . Fundamentally these systems appear to lack in containing the blast gas energies

10、in the rock to mature burden 第 3 頁· Non-explosive low concussion rock breaking· Less fines and dust generation · Improved hanging wall conditions due to low concussion· Low toxic fumes, enabling i

11、mmediate re-entry and continuous mining.2 NON-EXPLOSIVE ROCK BREAKINGSA mining industry has one of the highest rate of mining casualties in the world mainly due to the great depth of mining (2 to 3 kilometres under the

12、ground, ever more ). The unique geotechnical rock conditions are generally characterized by heavily fractured rock in stops and haulages as well as a highly sesmic active ground conditions.High explosive mining does add

13、to the ground conditions described above another safety concern that is born out of the enormous energy generated by blasting,which is often poorly accounted for.Considerable portion of blast energy remains locked up in

14、hanging walls of mining excavations.Without prior warning such energy comes down often triggering bloody falls of ground that frenquently result in accidents varying in intensity from small cuts to multiple fatalities .T

15、abulated below are statistics of accidents recorded in SA mines for a period of nine years from 1990 to 1999.Table 1. Statisics of high explosive related accidents in SA mines.SA mines accident statistics from 90-99Total

16、 injuredTotal disabledTotal killedTotal accidentsFall of groundMisfires Exposure to blasting fumesOther explosive related accidents17286124——9930—1547290—1822997417180Table 1(above)depicts the horrendous reality of

17、 SA mining industry that may be summed up in the following:Every single year high explosives in the industry cause death to over one hundred and fifty people,injure over one thousand eight hun