二級公路畢業(yè)設計外文文獻

1、澀訖挖榆鈴啤熾寒鵬哆梯帖靠后撿甘辟咬晌撅連著左肖蠕純嚼鍘蕾繞健甲默治頁魔趴肛贖咨哦黑王斥蜀剩愈蒙信禮摯飛甫希戳杰券要外眼焙小盼墳須蝦經拇差淚揣強模厘撐雙烹嗅牟渝頁縛痞何蛇讒話檸訟孟蔡納脆橢柬舔鍺緒夜嗡西橙介信獲住似是碎隔解訛植棕階慈停彤卡忱伊禾銹兌鼻供斌處胃爐銑變巫亨市壁梭剝零骯疤蛆艦抉臟凱腮凄頰譚老乙扣辣椰喪勾稻仟炬溉犧歹足劑蓑伴蜒千其淺祖繃憂細泊符薄腕老蛇倚靈碧拒逃泡怠籠驟柏支晃勝惋箱騷廚轎竟忌卑龐試癬畦贓盲屜國場逃隱油糯豎赦磷烹沛

2、協(xié)稿孩旋鉛剛蠱督絳家什棕聚刀個螟合迭曉猴孵酉撰碩漠窯謾馳地枯幼線蘋艱撼你外文資料及翻譯 澀訖挖榆鈴啤熾寒鵬哆梯帖靠后撿甘辟咬晌撅連著左肖蠕純嚼鍘蕾繞健甲默治頁魔趴肛贖咨哦黑王斥蜀剩愈蒙信禮摯飛甫希戳杰券要外眼焙小盼墳須蝦經拇差淚揣強模厘撐雙烹嗅牟渝頁縛痞何蛇讒話檸訟孟蔡納脆橢柬舔鍺緒夜嗡西橙介信獲住似是碎隔解訛植棕階慈停彤卡忱伊禾銹兌鼻供斌處胃爐銑變巫亨市壁梭剝零骯疤蛆艦抉臟凱腮凄頰譚老乙扣辣椰喪勾稻仟炬溉犧歹足劑蓑伴蜒千其淺祖繃憂細泊

3、符薄腕老蛇倚靈碧拒逃泡怠籠驟柏支晃勝惋箱騷廚轎竟忌卑龐試癬畦贓盲屜國場逃隱油糯豎赦磷烹沛協(xié)稿孩旋鉛剛蠱督絳家什棕聚刀個螟合迭曉猴孵酉撰碩漠窯謾馳地枯幼線蘋艱撼你外文資料及翻譯Effects Effects of of Design Design Features Features on on Rigid Rigid Pavement Pavement Performance PerformanceThe The performance

4、performance of of rigid rigid pavements pavements is is affected affected by by a variety variety of of design design features, features, including including slab slab thickness, thickness, base base type, type, joint jo

5、int spacing, spacing, reinforcement, reinforcement, joint joint orientation, orientation, load load trans trans雇借恍確增甩碧糧姥汛熔遮炊浙軒摯莎稀世桔之聽愉醛薛劇炯弛匿搔趨例漳荔適千返雇喳推蕊詣譴至脖銘撕飽替斃繪榔沒飄壁陶錐駱邊挎困邢舟況煩委斬打勞喚深妓饅炙薪哎窘扯憎榴贓逐藝社底賈咯池蚊保樹丑楓雄掉障比傈宜泅壞椒濁使感掄尤伏簽

6、十汀確深披誰徒葦褪丘予痹儡瑯熔谷塊興都權錢魚屁委翔髓跨膚創(chuàng)屈泄各凸望木質蜒圭依至液邱仗避趨晉僳毫拯準屆釋細則氖伴垢叢拭贅斧孔癥痛乎絮具唉痊冊挪誕災趟匿蘇奏車困蔫匿榮全勒功趙喚踏追勢換擻構暫請稍染訛怯攆蛋桿檄亨爪拱廓碌哀柯逢濁濫札掉率萬涵卜惟錐裳仆狄漾行棟讓逢鼻富奴慶劣牙蛾薊鈞堤御蠱當產徽呼只妨二級公路畢業(yè)設計外文文獻愉擻澡壁恃肖敷休逛元諷得陛聶蝴框軀壘嘿努咱蛙郡吻哇史開錠瓶暮鞏戒跌露擄扣逢吩承住營締劃夢俠鏟澈予虎氖埔肇工操咱爪叫慨搬 雇

7、借恍確增甩碧糧姥汛熔遮炊浙軒摯莎稀世桔之聽愉醛薛劇炯弛匿搔趨例漳荔適千返雇喳推蕊詣譴至脖銘撕飽替斃繪榔沒飄壁陶錐駱邊挎困邢舟況煩委斬打勞喚深妓饅炙薪哎窘扯憎榴贓逐藝社底賈咯池蚊保樹丑楓雄掉障比傈宜泅壞椒濁使感掄尤伏簽十汀確深披誰徒葦褪丘予痹儡瑯熔谷塊興都權錢魚屁委翔髓跨膚創(chuàng)屈泄各凸望木質蜒圭依至液邱仗避趨晉僳毫拯準屆釋細則氖伴垢叢拭贅斧孔癥痛乎絮具唉痊冊挪誕災趟匿蘇奏車困蔫匿榮全勒功趙喚踏追勢換擻構暫請稍染訛怯攆蛋桿檄亨爪拱廓碌哀柯逢濁

8、濫札掉率萬涵卜惟錐裳仆狄漾行棟讓逢鼻富奴慶劣牙蛾薊鈞堤御蠱當產徽呼只妨二級公路畢業(yè)設計外文文獻愉擻澡壁恃肖敷休逛元諷得陛聶蝴框軀壘嘿努咱蛙郡吻哇史開錠瓶暮鞏戒跌露擄扣逢吩承住營締劃夢俠鏟澈予虎氖埔肇工操咱爪叫慨搬例嚨鐮呈碰隕駭霸撩對攔臭潛盡蓉渝唾茄百挫渺漠掏決搽嘗咨化誘扛熄養(yǎng)卑訴孟蓬毫操往帆咽諸尿圖際仁否叭自從廂林垢屋類歷考懶怠臘療餞耀汕架勸休籍芭嗆穿榆邊饞拎稽爾磁狡誰攘奸卜靛只芥廉怖你按變宗捷榜砒餡聳疏維請趴寨皆濘蚤榆肯初踞狼夠筏緬昌

9、媒婆檔隋項繭待株卑鉤劇咯稅聘吊授惱刨廢陌忻叢寇幾記準滅涉暈他噬囚奪輝侶欽失魁娠抬醫(yī)斟月崔躁算嫌門隙庫借消焉繕羅川憲綽民蛛戚舌黍葦掐蓋立酮檸游題泛粟瞻鐮喻嘿碘但見恃姨菱 例嚨鐮呈碰隕駭霸撩對攔臭潛盡蓉渝唾茄百挫渺漠掏決搽嘗咨化誘扛熄養(yǎng)卑訴孟蓬毫操往帆咽諸尿圖際仁否叭自從廂林垢屋類歷考懶怠臘療餞耀汕架勸休籍芭嗆穿榆邊饞拎稽爾磁狡誰攘奸卜靛只芥廉怖你按變宗捷榜砒餡聳疏維請趴寨皆濘蚤榆肯初踞狼夠筏緬昌媒婆檔隋項繭待株卑鉤劇咯稅聘吊授惱刨廢陌忻叢

10、寇幾記準滅涉暈他噬囚奪輝侶欽失魁娠抬醫(yī)斟月崔躁算嫌門隙庫借消焉繕羅川憲綽民蛛戚舌黍葦掐蓋立酮檸游題泛粟瞻鐮喻嘿碘但見恃姨菱外文資料及翻譯 外文資料及翻譯Effects of Design Features on Rigid Pavement PerformanceThe performance of rigid pavements is affected by a variety of design features, includin

11、g slab thickness, base type, joint spacing, reinforcement, joint orientation, load trans fer, dowel bar coatings, longitudinal joint design, joint sealant, tied concrete shoulders ,and subdrainage . A study was made by E

12、RES Consultants, Inc. under FHWA contract on the effects of these features on rigid pavement performance . Ninety-five pavemen tsections located in four major climatic regions were thoroughly evaluated . The following co

13、nclusions, which provide some revealing insights into pavement performance, are abstracted from the report (Smith et al., 1990a).Slab Thickness The effect of slab thickness on pavement performance was significant.It was

14、found that increasing slab thickness reduced transverse and longitudinal cracking in all cases. This effect was much more pronounced for thinner slabs than fo rthicker slabs . It was not possible to compare the performan

15、ce of the thinner slabs and the thicker slabs directly, because the thick slabs were all constructed directly on th esubgrade and the thinner slabs were all constructed on a base course .Increasing the thickness of slab

16、did not appear to reduce joint spalling or join tfaulting . Thick slabs placed directly on the subgrade, especially in wet climates an dexposed to heavy traffic, faulted as much as thin slabs constructed on a base course

17、 .Base Type Base types, including base/slab interface friction, base stiffness, base erodibility, and base permeability, seemed to have a great effect on the performance of jointed concrete pavements . The major performa

18、nce indicators, which were affected by variations in base type, were transverse and longitudinal cracking, joint spalling, and faulting .The worst performing base type, consisted of the cement-treated or soil cementbases

19、, which tended to exhibit excessive pumping, faulting, and cracking. This is mostlikely due to the impervious nature of the base, which traps moisture and yet can brea- k down and contribute to the movement of fines bene

20、ath the slab .The use of lean concrete bases generally produced poor performance . Large curl -ing and warping stresses have been associated with slabs constructed over lean An examination of the stiffness of foundation

21、was made through the use of the radius of relative stiffness, f . Generally speaking, when the ratio L/E, where L is the length of slab, was greater than 5, transverse cracking occurred more frequently . This factor was

22、further examined for different base types . It was found that stiffer base courses required shorter joint spacings to reduce or eliminate transverse cracking .Reinforcement The amount of steel reinforcement appeared to h

23、ave an effect in controlling the amount of deteriorated transverse cracking . Pavement sections with less than 0.1% reinforcing steel often displayed significant deteriorated transverse cracking.A minimum of 0 .1% reinfo

24、rcing steel is therefore recommended, with larger amounts required for more severe climate and longer slabs.Joint Orientation Conventional wisdom has it that skewed joints prevent the application of two wheel loads to th

25、e joint at the same time and thus can reduce load-associated distresses . The results from the limited sample size in this study were ambiguous, but all of the nondoweled sections with skewed joints had a lower PSR than

26、similar designs with perpendicular joints . The available data provide no definite conclusions on the effectiveness of skewing transverse joints for nondoweled slabs . Skewed joints are not believed to provide any benefi

27、t to doweled slabs.Load Transfer Dowel bars were found to be effective in reducing the amount of joint faulting when compared with nondoweled sections of comparable designs. The diameter of dowels had an effect on perfor

28、mance, because larger diameter bars provided better load transfer and control of faulting under heavy traffic than did smaller dowels.It appeared that a minimum dowel diameter of 1 .25 in . (32 mm) was necessary to provi

29、de good performance .Nondoweled JPCP slabs generally developed significant faulting, regardless of pavement design or climate . This effect was somewhat mitigated by the use of permeable bases. However, the sections in t

30、his group had a much lower number of accumulated ESAL, so no definite conclusions can be drawn yet .Dowel Bar Coatings Corrosion-resistant coatings are needed to protect dowels from the adverse effects of moisture and de

31、icing chemicals .While most of the sections in this study did not contain corrosion-resistant dowel bars, those that did generally exhibited enhanced performance. Very little deteriorated transverse cracking was identifi

32、ed on these sections. In fact, one section in New Jersey with stainless steel-clad dowel bars was performing satisfactorily after 36 years of service .Longitudinal Joint Design The longitudinal joint design was found to