專題十六：完形填空

1、專題十六 完形填空知識(shí)清單一、命題特點(diǎn)完形填空題是通過(guò)閱讀考查學(xué)生語(yǔ)言知識(shí)及綜合運(yùn)用能力的一種測(cè)試形式。 命題人在一段難度適度的文章中留出 5~15 個(gè)空白,要求考生從所給的 A、B、C、D 四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出一個(gè)最佳答案,使補(bǔ)足的短文意思通順、結(jié)構(gòu)完整。完形填空是介于單項(xiàng)填空和閱讀理解之間的一種題型。 可以說(shuō)它是根據(jù)一篇文章所提供的情景進(jìn)行的選擇填空,也可以說(shuō)它是在缺少個(gè)別單詞情況下的閱讀理解。完形填空既有對(duì)語(yǔ)法規(guī)則、習(xí)慣用法和詞語(yǔ)搭配的

2、考查,又有對(duì)文章內(nèi)容的通篇理解。完形填空主要考查以下三個(gè)方面的內(nèi)容:1. 詞匯:此類題目考查的內(nèi)容是:近義詞的區(qū)別,詞語(yǔ)的固定搭配和習(xí)慣用法。近幾年陜西省中考題中的完形填空題考查的詞匯類別涉及到名詞、代詞、動(dòng)詞、介詞、連詞、形容詞、副詞和短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。2. 語(yǔ)法:此類題目考查的是:各種語(yǔ)法規(guī)則在文章中的運(yùn)用。其中包括名詞的單復(fù)數(shù),形容詞、副詞的比較等級(jí),動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài),介詞、 數(shù)詞、 代詞和連詞的用法,主謂一致,各種從句的用法等。3. 結(jié)

3、構(gòu):此類題目考查的是:文章中間句子與句子之間,段落與段落之間,上文與下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系。從設(shè)空的類型看可分為三個(gè)層次:(1)句子層次;(2)句組層次;(3)全篇層次。設(shè)空的難度,從句子層次到句組層次,再到全篇層次,依次增加。分析近幾年各地區(qū)的完形填空題,我們可以看出設(shè)空主要以句子層次為主,以句組層次為輔,幾乎沒(méi)有全篇層次題目。因此總體難度較低。二、考點(diǎn)分析完形填空題是一種旨在考查學(xué)生語(yǔ)法和詞匯知識(shí)綜合運(yùn)用能力的典型題型。 它結(jié)合了單項(xiàng)選

4、擇題和短文填空的優(yōu)點(diǎn),既考查詞語(yǔ)搭配、近義詞辨異、動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、句型結(jié)構(gòu)、復(fù)合句的關(guān)聯(lián)和習(xí)慣用法等,又考查了邏輯推理和事理推斷能力。文邏輯關(guān)系嚴(yán)密,主題突出,內(nèi)容充實(shí),意思連貫的整體。如果發(fā)現(xiàn)個(gè)別填空使文章文理不通,語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)有問(wèn)題,就說(shuō)明選答不正確。對(duì)這樣的填空應(yīng)該認(rèn)真推敲,進(jìn)行調(diào)整。可以從以下幾個(gè)方面對(duì)所選答案進(jìn)行核查:(1)所選擇的單詞或短語(yǔ)是否符合本句內(nèi)容,使上下文連貫和諧,與全文意義相協(xié)調(diào);(2)所選擇的單詞或短語(yǔ)是否符合某種固定搭

5、配;(3)所選擇的單詞或短語(yǔ)是否符合某種句型、時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)的特殊要求;(4)所選詞本身和附近的詞有無(wú)特殊要求,如有些動(dòng)詞后面只接動(dòng)名詞而不能接不定式。【例 1】(2014·山東棗莊)One Friday night, a poor young man stood at a gate of the railway station, playing his violin.Many people put money into the

6、hat 1 in front of him.The next day, 2 young man came to the gate of the railway station again, and put hishat on the ground. But 3 what he always did in the past days, he took out a large piece ofpaper and laid it on the

7、 ground. It said, “Last night, a gentleman named George Sang put animportant thing into my hat by mistake. Please come soon, Mr Sang.”After about half an hour, a middle-aged man ran to the young man 4 and said “It's

8、you!You do come here. I know that you're an honest man and will certainly 5 here.” The youngman asked “Are you Mr George Sang? Did you lose anything?” “A lottery(獎(jiǎng)券) ticket.”answered the middle-aged man. The young ma

9、n took out a lottery ticket and gave it to the man.The prize of the lottery ticket was $ 500, 000. Yesterday when the middle-aged man knew he6 , he was very happy. He took out 50 dollars and put it in the hat. However, t

10、he lottery ticketwas also 7 in.Later, someone asked the young man, “You 8 the violin in the railway station everyday to make money. Why didn't you just take the prize of the lottery ticket for yourself?” Theyoung man

11、 said, “Although I don't have much money, I live 9 . But I lose 10 . I won'tbe happy forever.”1. A. lying B. sleeping C. bowing D. dropping2. A. 不填 B. a C. an D. the3. A. far from B. similar to C. different from