簡(jiǎn)介：一、單項(xiàng)選擇題一、單項(xiàng)選擇題每小題每小題1分，共分，共10分1．下列我出口單價(jià)的寫法，哪個(gè)是正確的A．每公斤100德國(guó)馬克CIFC2漢堡；B．每噸1，000美元CFR凈價(jià)；C．每打L，000法郎FOB；D．每箱10，000日元廣州；2．出口生絲計(jì)算重量的方法，一般采用A．毛重；B．凈重；C．以毛作凈；D．公量。3．下列有關(guān)國(guó)際多式聯(lián)運(yùn)的說法，是錯(cuò)誤的。A．由多個(gè)經(jīng)營(yíng)人聯(lián)合負(fù)責(zé)貨物的全程運(yùn)輸B．將陸、海、空各種運(yùn)輸方式，多個(gè)運(yùn)輸工具有機(jī)結(jié)合起來Ｃ．僅需一份包括全程的多式聯(lián)運(yùn)單據(jù)D．全程實(shí)施單一運(yùn)費(fèi)4．已裝船海運(yùn)提單的簽發(fā)日期A．可以是船舶進(jìn)港后裝船完畢至啟航日的任何一天；B．可以滿足發(fā)貨人的要求，根據(jù)合同規(guī)定的裝運(yùn)期簽發(fā)；C．可以滿足出口人要求，在船未到港前，按信用證規(guī)定的最遲裝運(yùn)日簽發(fā)；D．上述任何日期均可。5．按CIF價(jià)格條件對(duì)外發(fā)盤，我方負(fù)責(zé)投保，請(qǐng)你選擇應(yīng)以哪種險(xiǎn)別作為保險(xiǎn)條款A(yù)．平安險(xiǎn)、一切險(xiǎn)、戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)險(xiǎn)；B．偷竊險(xiǎn)、戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)險(xiǎn)、罷工險(xiǎn)；C．水漬險(xiǎn)、淡水雨淋險(xiǎn)、戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)險(xiǎn)；D．一切險(xiǎn)、受潮受熱險(xiǎn)、鉤損險(xiǎn)；6．使用無(wú)牌中性包裝出口商品就是A．用外國(guó)商標(biāo)注明中國(guó)生產(chǎn)；B．既不注明生產(chǎn)國(guó)名、地名和廠名，也不注明原有商標(biāo)牌號(hào)；C．無(wú)商標(biāo)或牌號(hào)，只注明中國(guó)產(chǎn)；D．用雙方同意的包裝材料進(jìn)行生產(chǎn)。7．以D／P付款交單對(duì)外成交，價(jià)格條件應(yīng)爭(zhēng)取報(bào)A．FOB；B．CFR；C．CIF；D．CIFC8．國(guó)外來證規(guī)定匯票付款人為開證申請(qǐng)人，貨物裝船后，收益人獲得已裝船清潔提單，但尚未送銀行議付，聞悉開證申請(qǐng)人已破產(chǎn)倒閉，憑該證所開匯票A．只要單證相符，受益人仍可從開證行得到貨款；B．由于付款人破產(chǎn)，貨款將落空；C．受益人應(yīng)立即通知承運(yùn)人行使停運(yùn)權(quán)；D．受益人可通知銀行改為托收。9．國(guó)際貿(mào)易雙方發(fā)生爭(zhēng)執(zhí)，如事先有仲裁協(xié)議，可通過仲裁解決，仲裁裁決A．是終局的；B．對(duì)雙方均無(wú)約束力；C．如不服可以再向法院訴訟；D．如不服可以再向上一級(jí)仲裁庭提出。10．我對(duì)英商出口貨物一批，來證規(guī)定適用國(guó)際商會(huì)跟單信用證統(tǒng)一慣例，裝運(yùn)期規(guī)定為L(zhǎng)0月份，信用證有效期規(guī)定為11月15日，如該批貨物于10月初裝船，提單日期為10月7日，我方最遲應(yīng)于下列日期向銀行交單議付A．10月7日；B．10月28日；C．10月31日；D．11月15日。二、判斷題每題1分，共10分L．在托收方式下，為防止進(jìn)口人拒付貨款，出口人應(yīng)將貨物直接發(fā)給銀行或以銀行為收貨人。2．在出口合同中如果規(guī)定了憑樣買賣，又規(guī)定有品質(zhì)說明的情況，賣方應(yīng)承擔(dān)所交貨物既符合合同有關(guān)品質(zhì)說明的規(guī)定，又與樣就受其約束的意思，即構(gòu)成發(fā)盤。四、1．烏拉圭回合反傾銷協(xié)議的主要內(nèi)容（1）傾銷的確定；2）產(chǎn)業(yè)損害的確定；（3）傾銷與損害之間的因果關(guān)系；（4）反傾銷協(xié)議的程序規(guī)定包括反傾銷調(diào)查的提起與受理；初步裁決；價(jià)格承諾；臨時(shí)措施；征收反傾銷稅2．進(jìn)出口合同的主要交易條件包括品名、品質(zhì)、數(shù)量、包裝、價(jià)格、支付方式、交貨地點(diǎn)和時(shí)間等。3．包銷與獨(dú)家代理的異同相同點(diǎn)都具有三定的特點(diǎn)（定商品、定期限、定地區(qū)）；都有專營(yíng)權(quán)；不同點(diǎn)交易的性質(zhì)不同；交易的目的不同；專營(yíng)權(quán)的內(nèi)容不同4．提單的性質(zhì)和作用（1）是承運(yùn)人或其代理人出據(jù)的貨物收據(jù)，證實(shí)已按提單的記載收到托運(yùn)人的貨物；（2）是代表貨物所有權(quán)的憑證；（3）是承運(yùn)人和托運(yùn)人雙方訂立的運(yùn)輸契約的證明。五、案例分析1．我方應(yīng)從此事件中吸取的主要教訓(xùn)（1）規(guī)定裝運(yùn)期時(shí)應(yīng)考慮將裝運(yùn)期和開證日期有機(jī)銜接起來。（2）審證時(shí)，應(yīng)依據(jù)合同進(jìn)行認(rèn)真的核對(duì)與審查，發(fā)現(xiàn)問題，影響我方安全收匯時(shí)，必須要求國(guó)外客戶通過開證行進(jìn)行修改后才能對(duì)外發(fā)貨。2．1本案中，我方遭受了出口商品倉(cāng)庫(kù)發(fā)生雷擊火災(zāi)，致使一半左右的出口家具燒毀，屬于不可抗力事故，我方可以發(fā)生不可抗力事故為由，向?qū)Ψ教岢鲅悠诼男泻贤囊?，但不能提出解除合同的要求?美方的索賠要求不合理。因?yàn)?，既然發(fā)生了不可抗力事故，且已備好的貨物半被燒毀。這必然影響我方的交貨時(shí)間。另外，不可抗力是一項(xiàng)免責(zé)條款，可免除遭受不可抗力事故一方不能如期履約的責(zé)任。美方應(yīng)考慮實(shí)際情況同意延期履行合同。因此，美方的索賠要求是不合理的。國(guó)際貿(mào)易理論與實(shí)務(wù)試卷二國(guó)際貿(mào)易理論與實(shí)務(wù)試卷二一、單項(xiàng)選擇題一、單項(xiàng)選擇題每小題每小題1分，共分，共10分1．下列包裝標(biāo)志中，屬于指示性標(biāo)志的是（）。A．小心輕放B．有毒品C．易燃物D．爆炸物2完全可以脫離世界自由市場(chǎng)價(jià)格，由跨國(guó)公司自行決定的價(jià)格是（）。A．壟斷價(jià)格B．管理價(jià)格C．協(xié)定價(jià)格D．轉(zhuǎn)移價(jià)格3在合同中規(guī)定“中國(guó)桐油，良好平均品質(zhì)，游離脂肪酸不超過4％“。這種表示商品品質(zhì)的方法屬于（）。A．品質(zhì)公差B．品質(zhì)機(jī)動(dòng)幅度C．?dāng)?shù)量機(jī)動(dòng)幅度D．增減價(jià)條款4某國(guó)對(duì)某種商品規(guī)定全年進(jìn)口額在2OO萬(wàn)美元以內(nèi)者征稅10％，超過2OO萬(wàn)美元以上的部分，除原征關(guān)稅外，再加征6O％的關(guān)稅，這種措施稱為（）。A．混合稅B．進(jìn)口附加稅C．關(guān)稅配額D．罰款5按照出票人不同，匯票可以分為（）。A．商業(yè)匯票和銀行匯票B．即期匯票和遠(yuǎn)期匯票C．光票和跟單匯票D．商業(yè)承兌匯票和銀行承兌匯票6．貨物生產(chǎn)國(guó)與貨物消費(fèi)國(guó)通過第三國(guó)進(jìn)行的貿(mào)易，對(duì)第三國(guó)而言是A過境貿(mào)易B轉(zhuǎn)口貿(mào)易C直接貿(mào)易D多邊貿(mào)易7經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化程度最低級(jí)、組織最松散的一種形式是A優(yōu)惠貿(mào)易安排B自由貿(mào)易區(qū)C經(jīng)濟(jì)同盟D關(guān)稅同盟8在接受遲到的情況下，決定接受是否有效的主動(dòng)權(quán)在

簡(jiǎn)介：英文文獻(xiàn)翻譯1畢業(yè)論文英文資料翻譯學(xué)院商學(xué)院專業(yè)國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)與貿(mào)易班級(jí)國(guó)貿(mào)0804姓名學(xué)號(hào)0811200330指導(dǎo)教師2012年6月英文文獻(xiàn)翻譯3GRILICHES1998JORGENSONANDSTIROH2000DIFFUSIONOFNEWTECHNOLOGYKARSHENASANDSTONEMAN1995GEROSKI2000THEEFFECTOFMARKETSTRUCTUREONINNOVATIONSCHERER1986SUTTON1998MARKETFAILURESRELATEDTOINNOVATIONANDAPPROPRIATEPOLICYRESPONSESMARTINANDSCOTT2000THEECONOMICEFFECTSOFTHEPATENTSYSTEMJAFFE2000ANDTHEROLEOFTECHNOLOGICALCHANGEINENDOGENOUSMACROECONOMICGROWTHROMER1994GROSSMANANDHELPMAN1994INTHISPARTOFTHEARTICLE,WEPROVIDEAVERYBRIEFGUIDETOSOMEOFTHISRESEARCHINPARTICULAR,WEINTRODUCEAPPROACHESFORMEASURINGTECHNOLOGICALCHANGE,WEEXAMINECRITICALASPECTSOFTHEPROCESSOFTECHNOLOGICALCHANGE,ANDWEDESCRIBEMODELINGAPPROACHESANDPOTENTIALMARKETFAILURESRELATINGTOTECHNOLOGYINNOVATIONANDDIFFUSION11MEASUREMENTOFTECHNOLOGICALCHANGETHEMEASUREMENTOFTHERATEANDDIRECTIONOFTECHNOLOGICALCHANGERESTSFUNDAMENTALLYONTHECONCEPTOFTHETRANSFORMATIONFUNCTION,10,,?TIYTWHEREYREPRESENTSAVECTOROFOUTPUTS,IREPRESENTSAVECTOROFINPUTS,ANDTISTIMEEQUATION1DESCRIBESAPRODUCTIONPOSSIBILITYFRONTIER,THATIS,ASETOFCOMBINATIONSOFINPUTSANDOUTPUTSTHATARETECHNICALLYFEASIBLEATAPOINTINTIMETECHNOLOGICALCHANGEISREPRESENTEDBYMOVEMENTOFTHISFRONTIERTHATMAKESITPOSSIBLEOVERTIMETOUSEGIVENINPUTVECTORSTOPRODUCEOUTPUTVECTORSTHATWERENOTPREVIOUSLYFEASIBLEINMOSTAPPLICATIONS,SEPARABILITYANDAGGREGATIONASSUMPTIONSAREMADETHATMAKEITPOSSIBLETOREPRESENTTHEECONOMY’SPRODUCTIONTECHNOLOGYWITHAPRODUCTIONFUNCTION,2,,,TELKFY?WHEREISNOWAMEASUREOFAGGREGATEOUTPUTFOREXAMPLE,GROSSDOMESTICPRODUCT,YANDTHELISTOFINPUTSONTHERIGHTHANDSIDEOFTHEPRODUCTIONFUNCTIONCANBEMADEARBITRARILYLONGFORILLUSTRATIVEPURPOSES,WECONCEIVEOFOUTPUTASBEINGMADEFROMASINGLECOMPOSITEOFCAPITALGOODS,,ASINGLECOMPOSITEOFLABORINPUTS,,ANDAKLSINGLECOMPOSITEOFENVIRONMENTALINPUTS,FOREXAMPLE,WASTEASSIMILATIONAGAIN,ETECHNOLOGICALCHANGEMEANSTHATTHERELATIONSHIPBETWEENTHESEINPUTSANDPOSSIBLEOUTPUTLEVELSCHANGESOVERTIMELOGARITHMICDIFFERENTIATIONOFTHEPRODUCTIONFUNCTIONEQUATION2WITH

簡(jiǎn)介：本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)論文外文翻譯譯文譯文俄羅斯經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型期的銀行體系和貨幣政策（節(jié)選）作者保羅繆林MOCTMOST553701992年1月，俄羅斯開始實(shí)施所謂“大爆炸”（休克療法）模式的激進(jìn)的經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型。該模式的理論基礎(chǔ)主要建立在三個(gè)力量的快速和同時(shí)活化作用上，即自由化、穩(wěn)定化和私有化。這個(gè)合并策略的預(yù)期效果是在一個(gè)合理的價(jià)格體系、工業(yè)調(diào)整和國(guó)外競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的刺激下，積極地反映總供給。主要會(huì)從三個(gè)方面控制緩解過度的直接的通貨膨脹壓力從供給與需求的關(guān)系作用來影響市場(chǎng)價(jià)格；通過開放的匯率制度的經(jīng)常性往來帳戶的名義錨效應(yīng)影響；而最重要的方式是通過財(cái)政政策來對(duì)貨幣供應(yīng)量和預(yù)算支出額進(jìn)行制約。在俄羅斯，由于產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整的直接后果，在轉(zhuǎn)型的初期階段，產(chǎn)量下降和通貨膨脹的情況并沒有排除。同時(shí)，這個(gè)階段預(yù)期又是健康的，因?yàn)樗鼤?huì)關(guān)注那些生產(chǎn)不需要產(chǎn)品的過時(shí)的商品生產(chǎn)企業(yè)，而短期內(nèi)，市場(chǎng)力量又會(huì)快速地促使解放的資源用于新私有化和高效率的部門?！按蟊ā蹦Ｊ降恼卫碚摶A(chǔ)是1991年底的一個(gè)事實(shí)，即蘇聯(lián)的解體為俄羅斯的經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型創(chuàng)造了必要和獨(dú)特的條件，時(shí)間對(duì)于改革者來說是一種缺乏而珍貴的資源。這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)的窗口有可能隨時(shí)關(guān)閉，為了保證經(jīng)濟(jì)變革過程的不可逆性，俄羅斯認(rèn)為只有“大爆炸”模式能夠引進(jìn)一開始所需要的變化。表面上，政治理論基礎(chǔ)強(qiáng)于經(jīng)濟(jì)理論基礎(chǔ)，但是后來的事實(shí)證明，那些走施加了政治考慮的路線和步調(diào)的經(jīng)濟(jì)改革，很少產(chǎn)生預(yù)定的效果。事實(shí)上，對(duì)于俄羅斯經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型三年多過程的觀察，我們無(wú)法避免地感到深深的不安。從1992年到1994年，國(guó)民生產(chǎn)總值以年均12的速度下降，物價(jià)水平幾乎上漲到了1992年水平的40倍，預(yù)算赤字從國(guó)民生產(chǎn)總值的4飆升到了15。家庭和企業(yè)的金融性資產(chǎn)實(shí)質(zhì)上都被粉碎了，盧布的匯率貶值超過了10倍，并且境外帳戶和外債大大惡化到了危險(xiǎn)的程度。在這樣的一個(gè)戲劇性的宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)情況下，公開失業(yè)率的增加少于本來的預(yù)期，然而，這完全不是一個(gè)好消息，這確實(shí)地翻印了繼續(xù)生存體系中直接援助的某個(gè)組成部分，通過保持高的隱蔽性失業(yè)率來變相地體現(xiàn)自己。這種情況的存在主要?dú)w結(jié)于俄羅斯當(dāng)局沒有能力及時(shí)地建立一個(gè)社會(huì)安全網(wǎng)，來解放零邊際生產(chǎn)率的工人，和允許工人建立的工業(yè)體系，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)更有效率的勞動(dòng)力比率。實(shí)際上，這意味著，俄羅斯還沒有進(jìn)行真正的產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整。而且私有化迄今為止尚未對(duì)資源的有效率的重新分配作出重大的貢獻(xiàn)。一些分析師給了這些消極負(fù)面的事態(tài)發(fā)展一個(gè)直截了當(dāng)?shù)慕忉專麄冋J(rèn)為，自由化、私有化正確的提出和發(fā)揮了他們的作用，但是穩(wěn)定化的部分應(yīng)該阻止或減弱前兩股力量運(yùn)作時(shí)的不平穩(wěn)，而不是一貫的被追求。貨幣政策仍然保持寬松。這反過來又使通貨膨脹偏差在經(jīng)長(zhǎng)期的的借貸業(yè)務(wù)。這種結(jié)構(gòu)從制度上來說是正確的，有著許多功能性的特點(diǎn)。由于缺乏這方面的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，主體規(guī)則和條例還都不完善，尤其是缺少關(guān)于這方面的最低標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的銀行會(huì)計(jì)，這使得俄羅斯中央銀行不能有效的實(shí)施對(duì)銀行的監(jiān)管。中央銀行對(duì)商業(yè)銀行的再融資過程，因?yàn)槿狈鹑谫Y產(chǎn)而受到阻礙，通常會(huì)構(gòu)成這些抵押品商業(yè)票據(jù)和政府證券。特別是如果沒有后者，會(huì)使融資國(guó)庫(kù)發(fā)生系統(tǒng)性的通貨膨脹。此外，也還沒有真正的支付和結(jié)算系統(tǒng)，這使得該系統(tǒng)高度分割，還會(huì)阻礙出現(xiàn)一個(gè)高效率的銀行市場(chǎng)。商業(yè)銀行也遭受到了一系列的相互關(guān)聯(lián)的結(jié)構(gòu)和功能的問題。這在很大程度上是俄羅斯系統(tǒng)出現(xiàn)的特點(diǎn)這一原罪所引發(fā)的后果。19891991年在CBR登記的幾乎所有的銀行，公共機(jī)構(gòu)或者公共機(jī)構(gòu)式的，要建立一個(gè)自己的金融機(jī)構(gòu)，這將能夠使他們收集他們所產(chǎn)生的存款，并延伸到他們所需要的部分，這產(chǎn)生了獨(dú)特的情況，即成了數(shù)量有限的法人為主要股東、存款人和借款人的銀行。在這些領(lǐng)域有效地進(jìn)行干預(yù)并不是一件容易的任務(wù)，因?yàn)樗馕吨?zhǔn)混合行動(dòng)的政策和機(jī)構(gòu)。如果俄羅斯當(dāng)局最終能夠認(rèn)識(shí)到工業(yè)的結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整是一個(gè)能夠成功轉(zhuǎn)型的關(guān)鍵變量，執(zhí)行這項(xiàng)任務(wù)就可能會(huì)變得更加容易，而且為了實(shí)現(xiàn)這個(gè)目標(biāo)，光靠自由化和私有化，甚至是在框架內(nèi)的限制性的貨幣政策都是不夠的。而必要的條件是建立能夠執(zhí)行革命原則的體系、方法和政策，如貨幣和信貸，作為索賠的真正資源是稀缺的資產(chǎn)，它的使用比例不足時(shí)就必須支付價(jià)格。反過來，建立這樣的機(jī)構(gòu)、方法和政策，將極大地推動(dòng)一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)暮鸵恢碌牧髁考夹g(shù)來援助西部，特別是國(guó)際金融機(jī)構(gòu)。不幸的是，目前這些機(jī)構(gòu)所追求的業(yè)務(wù)戰(zhàn)略主要是基于資本轉(zhuǎn)移，引進(jìn)外資可以可以彌補(bǔ)像俄羅斯這樣一個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)型的大國(guó)的財(cái)政缺口這件事是值得人們懷疑的。資金流量應(yīng)伴隨著有技術(shù)援助的倡議能夠產(chǎn)生的內(nèi)在力量所需要掌握的整體經(jīng)濟(jì)的進(jìn)程。這將加強(qiáng)資金轉(zhuǎn)移的邊際生產(chǎn)率，并逐步將財(cái)政壓力的規(guī)?？刂苹匚鞣缴鐣?huì)負(fù)擔(dān)得起的比例。

簡(jiǎn)介：國(guó)際貿(mào)易專業(yè)剖析報(bào)告國(guó)際貿(mào)易專業(yè)剖析報(bào)告江西服裝學(xué)院商貿(mào)分院國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)與貿(mào)易本科專業(yè)開設(shè)于2012年，招生規(guī)模日益擴(kuò)大，2012年招收38人，2013年為41人，2014年70人，分為兩個(gè)班，截止2014年，在校學(xué)生目前已達(dá)149人?，F(xiàn)有教師10名，專職教師6人,校外兼職教師4人。對(duì)于該專業(yè)的剖析，本文將從3個(gè)方面著手，即專業(yè)設(shè)置與人才培養(yǎng)模式、課程體系與課程改革以及專業(yè)發(fā)展展望。一、專業(yè)設(shè)置與人才培養(yǎng)模式一、專業(yè)設(shè)置與人才培養(yǎng)模式（一）專業(yè)基本情況（一）專業(yè)基本情況1、發(fā)展前景目前中國(guó)是世界第一出口大國(guó)和世界第二進(jìn)口大國(guó)。根據(jù)商務(wù)部研究院后危機(jī)時(shí)代中國(guó)外貿(mào)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略研究的分析，未來十年中國(guó)將推動(dòng)貨物和服務(wù)貿(mào)易雙雙“倍增”，同時(shí)繼續(xù)努力推動(dòng)進(jìn)出口貿(mào)易平衡發(fā)展。到2020年，中國(guó)的進(jìn)出口貿(mào)易額將達(dá)到53萬(wàn)億美元左右。在2020年前鞏固我國(guó)貿(mào)易大國(guó)地位，推動(dòng)貿(mào)易強(qiáng)國(guó)進(jìn)程；到2030年前后初步實(shí)現(xiàn)貿(mào)易強(qiáng)國(guó)的目標(biāo)。對(duì)于服裝企業(yè)來說，繼續(xù)擴(kuò)大進(jìn)口是未來服裝企業(yè)的外貿(mào)發(fā)展走向，而我國(guó)外向型經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展仍需要大量的國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)與貿(mào)易人才，從目前情況來看，既懂進(jìn)出口業(yè)務(wù)流程操作又懂服裝，還通曉國(guó)際市場(chǎng)開拓的復(fù)合型人才缺口較大。但市場(chǎng)需求如此大的行業(yè)，最終需要怎樣的人才，該人才需要具備怎樣的專業(yè)能力呢，帶著這些問題，筆者進(jìn)行了相應(yīng)的市場(chǎng)調(diào)查。實(shí)地調(diào)查2015年5月底，我院老師前往珠江三角洲、環(huán)渤海地帶進(jìn)行了為期1周的市場(chǎng)調(diào)研，深入企業(yè)了解其對(duì)職業(yè)崗位和人才職業(yè)素養(yǎng)的需求。網(wǎng)絡(luò)調(diào)查由于國(guó)際貿(mào)易相關(guān)工作“面多線廣”等特點(diǎn)，我們通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)對(duì)行業(yè)及畢業(yè)生就業(yè)職業(yè)崗位進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)和分析，了解市場(chǎng)需求以及發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀與前景。2、就業(yè)群分析根據(jù)調(diào)查資料發(fā)現(xiàn)，國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)與貿(mào)易專業(yè)學(xué)生主要從事以下企業(yè)崗位在擁有自營(yíng)進(jìn)出口權(quán)的生產(chǎn)型企業(yè)的國(guó)際貿(mào)易部從事單證員、外銷員（或助理）工作；在流通型外貿(mào)企業(yè)從事跟單員或外貿(mào)業(yè)務(wù)員工作；在國(guó)際貨代公司從事跟單員、單證員工作；在專業(yè)報(bào)關(guān)行或外貿(mào)企業(yè)從事報(bào)關(guān)工作；還有其他如外貿(mào)日常管理工作或到銀行從事國(guó)際結(jié)算業(yè)務(wù)。就業(yè)方向主要是以基礎(chǔ)性的外貿(mào)工作如外貿(mào)業(yè)務(wù)、單證和跟單為主，以報(bào)關(guān)員、報(bào)檢員等為輔。外貿(mào)業(yè)務(wù)員從事商務(wù)談判、制單、接單、經(jīng)貿(mào)等業(yè)務(wù)。國(guó)際商務(wù)單證員根據(jù)銷售合約和信用證條款從事審核、繕制各種貿(mào)易結(jié)算單據(jù)和證書。國(guó)際商務(wù)跟單員以客戶訂單為依據(jù)，跟蹤產(chǎn)品服務(wù)運(yùn)作流向并督促定單落實(shí)。報(bào)關(guān)員能從事報(bào)關(guān)單證準(zhǔn)備與管理、報(bào)關(guān)作業(yè)實(shí)施與管理、報(bào)關(guān)核算、進(jìn)出口商品歸類與原產(chǎn)地確定、報(bào)關(guān)事務(wù)管理、海關(guān)行政救濟(jì)事務(wù)管理等工作。報(bào)檢員能代表企業(yè)向檢驗(yàn)檢疫機(jī)構(gòu)做進(jìn)出口貨物的報(bào)檢申報(bào)，陪同施檢，領(lǐng)取證單等工作。這些崗位需要具備以下能力校企融合、課證融合、學(xué)做融合國(guó)際貿(mào)易業(yè)務(wù)操作能力、英語(yǔ)應(yīng)用能力、B2B網(wǎng)絡(luò)貿(mào)易能力面向中小企業(yè)培養(yǎng)高素質(zhì)的國(guó)際貿(mào)易技能型人才331人才培養(yǎng)模式三類融合三種能力一個(gè)人才培養(yǎng)目標(biāo)圖11改革人才培養(yǎng)模式改革人才培養(yǎng)模式二、課程體系與課程改革二、課程體系與課程改革1、課程體系課程體系是一個(gè)專業(yè)的核心內(nèi)容，最能體現(xiàn)專業(yè)培養(yǎng)目標(biāo)以及是否能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)目標(biāo)的方式之一。（1）課程體系形成過程，見圖2圖22課程體系形成課程體系形成

簡(jiǎn)介：中文4480字本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）文）外文翻譯外文翻譯題目姓名專業(yè)國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)與貿(mào)易學(xué)號(hào)指導(dǎo)教師二○一三年五月二○一三年五月POLICYMAKERSABOUTTHEHIGHRISKOFOPENINGUPTHECAPITALACCOUNTWITHOUTASOUNDFINANCIALSYSTEMINPLACEACAUTIOUSAPPROACHTOCAPITALACCOUNTLIBERALIZATIONHASGAINEDEVENGREATERCREDIBILITYINTHEAFTERMATHOFTHEASIANFINANCIALTURMOIL,THECHINESEAUTHORITIESINTENSIFIEDTHEIREFFORTSTOREFORMANDSTRENGTHENTHEFINANCIALSECTORINNOVEMBER2001,CHINACONCLUDEDITSACCESSIONTOTHEWORLDTRADEORGANIZATIONWTOASTHERESULTOFTHENEGOTIATIONS,CHINAHASAGREEDTOOPENDOMESTICFINANCIALMARKETSSUBSTANTIALLYTOFOREIGNINVESTMENTWHILEDETAILEDANALYSISISSTILLNEEDEDTOASSESSTHEIMPLICATIONSOFTHOSECOMMITMENTSFORTHECURRENTCAPITALCONTROLREGIME,PRESSUREFORCAPITALACCOUNTLIBERALIZATIONWILLCERTAINLYINCREASECHINAHASMOVEDTOTHELASTFRONTIEROFITSFOREIGNEXCHANGEREFORMPREVIOUSREFORMSHAVEGENERALLYFOCUSEDONGRADUALLIBERALIZATIONOFTHECURRENTACCOUNTANDINWARDDIRECTINVESTMENT,AIMEDATSTRENGTHENINGTHEREALSECTORANDEXPORTCAPACITYOFTHEECONOMY,WHEREASTHENEXTPHASEOFCAPITALACCOUNTLIBERALIZATIONTENDSTOBECLOSELYRELATEDTOTHEDEVELOPMENTOFTHEDOMESTICFINANCIALSECTORCHINAISFACEDWITHAFORMIDABLETASKOFSHAPINGITSFINANCIALSECTORINAWAYTHATWOULDSUSTAINCAPITALACCOUNTLIBERALIZATIONTHEPURPOSEOFTHISPAPERISTWOFOLDFIRST,ITWILLDESCRIBETHEPROCESSOFCHINA’SFOREIGNEXCHANGEREFORMSASTHEYUNFOLDEDSINCE1979SECOND,THEPAPERWILLEXAMINEMAJORPOLICYCHANGESANDASSESSTHEIRIMPACTONTHEECONOMYTHEPAPERISORGANIZEDASFOLLOWSSECTION2BRIEFLYDESCRIBESTHEPREREFORMFOREIGNTRADEANDEXCHANGEREGIMESTOSERVEASASTARTINGPOINTFORTHEPAPERSECTION3DISCUSSESTHE1979EXTERNALREFORMANDTHEADOPTIONOFTHEINTERNALSETTLEMENTRATEISRFROM1981TO1984SECTION4FOCUSESONTHERAPIDDEVELOPMENTOFTHEFOREIGNEXCHANGESWAPMARKETAFTERTHEMID1980SUNTIL1993SECTION5DESCRIBESTHEMARKETORIENTEDEXCHANGEREFORMIN1994ANDADDITIONALMEASURESTAKENTOACHIEVERMBCURRENTACCOUNTCONVERTIBILITYINLATE1996SECTION6DESCRIBESTHEPOLICYCHANGESBEFOREANDAFTERTHEASIANFINANCIALCRISISANDPOINTSOUTTHECONSTRAINTSOFTHEFINANCIALSECTORFORCHINA’SCAPITALACCOUNTLIBERALIZATIONANDSECTION7PROVIDESASUMMARYANDSOMECONCLUDINGREMARKS

簡(jiǎn)介：此文檔是畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文翻譯成品（含英文原文中文翻譯），無(wú)需調(diào)整復(fù)雜的格式下載之后直接可用，方便快捷本文價(jià)格不貴,也就幾十塊錢一輩子也就一次的事外文標(biāo)題CHINA–ASEANECONOMICRELATIONSAFTERESTABLISHMENTOFFREETRADEAREA外文作者M(jìn)INHUACHIANG文獻(xiàn)出處THEPACIFICREVIEW,2019如覺得年份太老，可改為近2年，畢竟很多畢業(yè)生都這樣做英文5710單詞，36058字符字符就是印刷符，中文8412漢字。（如果字?jǐn)?shù)多了，可自行刪減，大多數(shù)學(xué)校都是要求選取外文的一部分內(nèi)容進(jìn)行翻譯的。）CHINA–ASEANECONOMICRELATIONSAFTERESTABLISHMENTOFFREETRADEAREAABSTRACTTHISPAPERAIMSTOCONTRIBUTETOANUNDERSTANDINGABOUTTHEMAJORCHANGESINCHINA–ASEANECONOMICRELATIONSAFTERESTABLISHMENTOFTHECHINA–ASEANFREETRADEAREACAFTAIN2010FIRST,CHINA’SMERCHANDIZETRADEBALANCEWITHASEANHASSHIFTEDFROMDEFICITTOSURPLUSSINCE2012THISREFLECTSCHINA’SIMPROVINGCOMPARATIVEADVANTAGEINMANUFACTURINGPRODUCTIONVISAVISASEANASAWHOLESECOND,WITHCHINA’SWAGEHIKE,ASEANINVESTORSCANNOLONGERTAKEADVANTAGEOFCHINA’SCHEAPLABORFORCECONCURRENTLY,CHINA’SINVESTMENTINASEANHASBEENINCREASINGANDBECOMEMOREDIVERSIFIED,RANGINGFROMENERGYTOMANUFACTURINGANDSERVICESSINGAPOREHASREMAINEDTHEMOSTIMPORTANTINVESTMENTDESTINATIONFORCHINESEINVESTORSANDTHELARGESTFOREIGNINVESTORINCHINAAMONGASEANCOUNTRIESTHIRD,CHINAHASCOMPARATIVEADVANTAGESINPROVIDINGCONSTRUCTION,TELECOMMUNICATIONS,COMPUTERANDINFORMATIONSERVICESANDOTHERBUSINESSSERVICESTOASEANONTHEOTHERHAND,ASEAN,LEDBYSINGAPORE,HASOPPORTUNITIESINTHEFINANCIALSERVICESANDTOURISMMARKETSINCHINAFINALLY,THEDEVELOPMENTOFECONOMICREGIONALISM,NOTABLYTHEREGIONALCOMPREHENSIVEECONOMICPARTNERSHIPANDTRANSPACIFICPARTNERSHIP,WILLREMAINCRITICALFORTHECAFTA’SRELEVANCEINREGIONALECONOMICINTEGRATION,ASWELLASCHINA–ASEANRELATIONSINTHEFUTUREOTHERPREFERENTIALTREATMENTSBETWEENCHINAANDASEANONDIFFERENTOFFICIALOCCASIONSTHEASIANFINANCIALCRISISWASANOTHERIMPETUSFORSINOASEANECONOMICRAPPROCHEMENTZHA,2002THECRISISHADALERTEDASIANLEADERSOFTHENEEDTOCONSTRUCTAMORECOOPERATIVEFRAMEWORKAMONGTHESTATESINTHEREGIONSOASTOPREEMPTFUTUREFINANCIALCHAOSMANYASEANCOUNTRIESWEREHARDHITBYTHECRISISATTHESAMETIME,ASEANLEADERSCONSIDEREDTHEUSANDASIAPACIFICECONOMICCOOPERATIONAPECLESSTHANHELPFULDURINGTHECRISISANDTHECONDITIONALITYIMPOSEDBYTHEINTERNATIONALMONETARYFUNDIMFUNPALATABLETHEASEAN3NAMELYASEANPLUSCHINA,JAPANANDSOUTHKOREABECAMEANIMPORTANTMEANSTOREESTABLISHASEAN’SSTATUSANDRELEVANCEOWINGTODISAGREEMENTBETWEENCHINAANDJAPANOVERTHEFUTUREFORMATIONOFREGIONALISM,THEASEAN3DIDNOTMAKESIGNIFICANTADVANCEMENTINTHESUBSEQUENTYEARSCHIANG,2013CHUNG,2010THEPROGRESSIVEDEVELOPMENTOFTHECAFTABECAMEANOUTSTANDINGACHIEVEMENTOFREGIONALECONOMICENGAGEMENTCHENG,2004FROMCHINA’SPERSPECTIVE,ASTABLEANDCOOPERATIVERELATIONWITHASEANISIMPORTANTFORBEIJINGTOMAINTAINITSECONOMICGROWTHANDSOCIALSTABILITYTHECOMMUNISTPARTY’SPOLITICALLEGITIMACYRESTSLARGELYONTHECOUNTRY’SECONOMICSUCCESSSUN,2009THECAFTAALSOCOMPLEMENTSCHINA’S‘GOOUTPOLICY’WHICHAIMSATPROMOTINGCHINESEOUTWARDDIRECTINVESTMENTODITHECHINESEGOVERNMENTBELIEVEDTHATODIINMANUFACTURINGSECTORSWOULDPROMOTEITSEXPORTSOFINTERMEDIATEGOODSTODEVELOPINGCOUNTRIESFORFINALASSEMBLYANDFACILITATEITSDOMESTICINDUSTRIALUPGRADINGMINISTRYOFCOMMERCETHECHEAPLABORFORCE,GEOGRAPHICPROXIMITYANDSIMILARCULTUREMADEASEANANIDEALINVESTMENTDESTINATIONFORCHINESEENTREPRENEURSCHINESEFIRMSCOULDALSOACTIVELYPARTICIPATEINTHEHIGHLYDEVELOPEDREGIONALDIVISIONOFLABORTHROUGHODIINASEANINADDITION,CHINAWASMOTIVATEDBYDEVELOPINGASEAN’SMARKETTHEOVERDEPENDENCEONTHEWESTERNMARKETPROVEDFRAGILEAFTERTHETIANANMENSQUAREINCIDENTIN1989THEECONOMICSANCTIONSAFTER1989FROMTHEWESTERNCOUNTRIESMADECHINESELEADERSREALIZETHENECESSITYTODIVERSIFYITSEXPORTDESTINATIONSWANG,2013THEREWEREALSOCONSIDERATIONSOFACCELERATINGTHEDEVELOPMENTOFCHINA’SCENTRALANDWESTERNPROVINCESTHROUGHECONOMICCOOPERATIONWITHASEANCOUNTRIESWHICHSHAREBORDERSWITHCHINACHEN,2017CHENG,2013KUIK,2005ZHA,2002

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簡(jiǎn)介：濟(jì)源職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院畢業(yè)論文論文題目低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)下我國(guó)對(duì)外貿(mào)易的問題研究學(xué)生姓名程艷__________________學(xué)生學(xué)號(hào)10050321_______________________系別經(jīng)濟(jì)管理系_______________________專業(yè)國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)與貿(mào)易____________________指導(dǎo)教師楊倩_________________________職稱講師_______________________日期2012年11月16日__________________低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)下我國(guó)對(duì)外貿(mào)易的問題研究摘要隨著低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)時(shí)代的到來，人們?cè)絹碓缴羁痰卣J(rèn)識(shí)到低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)模式與低碳生活方式對(duì)實(shí)現(xiàn)社會(huì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的重要性，低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)對(duì)我國(guó)出口貿(mào)易也產(chǎn)生著巨大的影響。在全球氣候變暖的背景下，以低能耗、低污染為基礎(chǔ)的“低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)”成為全球熱點(diǎn)。低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)成為21世紀(jì)世界經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的一個(gè)重要趨勢(shì)，這一趨勢(shì)對(duì)于全球化環(huán)境中的中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)和貿(mào)易發(fā)展提出了嚴(yán)峻挑戰(zhàn)。在低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)的挑戰(zhàn)面前，我國(guó)對(duì)外貿(mào)易發(fā)展模式應(yīng)向進(jìn)一步發(fā)展一般貿(mào)易、加工貿(mào)易本地化、扶持中小企業(yè)自主創(chuàng)新與出口、尋求市場(chǎng)多元化貿(mào)易等方向轉(zhuǎn)變。關(guān)鍵詞低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)；對(duì)外貿(mào)易；發(fā)展模式一、我國(guó)碳排放現(xiàn)狀1我國(guó)的碳交易主要通過我國(guó)的碳交易主要通過CDM機(jī)制進(jìn)行機(jī)制進(jìn)行碳排放權(quán)交易是一種利用市場(chǎng)手段來促進(jìn)減少碳排放的措施。CDM，全稱為CLEANDEVELOPMENTMECHANISM，即清潔發(fā)展機(jī)制。這是京都議定書中引入的三個(gè)靈活履約機(jī)制之一。CDM的核心是允許發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家和發(fā)展中國(guó)家進(jìn)行項(xiàng)目級(jí)的減排量抵銷額的轉(zhuǎn)讓與獲得。對(duì)參與的雙方來說，CDM是一種雙贏的機(jī)制。對(duì)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家而言，CDM給予其一些履約的靈活性，使其得以較低成本履行義務(wù)。另一方面，對(duì)發(fā)展中國(guó)家而言，協(xié)助發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家能夠利用減排成本低的優(yōu)勢(shì)從發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家獲得資金和技術(shù)，促進(jìn)其可持續(xù)發(fā)展。中國(guó)作為一個(gè)發(fā)展中大國(guó)，具有全球最為豐富的減排資源。自2005年2月16日京都議定書生效以來，CDM在中國(guó)獲得了長(zhǎng)足發(fā)展，從2005年剛開始的被質(zhì)疑，2006年以后蓬勃發(fā)展，一直到現(xiàn)在取得了巨大的成就。綜合EB（聯(lián)合國(guó)CDM執(zhí)行理事會(huì)）網(wǎng)站數(shù)據(jù)，截止到2011年3月15日，全球通過EB注冊(cè)的CDM項(xiàng)目數(shù)為2911個(gè)，增幅為495，中國(guó)通過EB注冊(cè)的CDM項(xiàng)目數(shù)為1273個(gè)，增幅為816。在新增的通過EB注冊(cè)的CDM項(xiàng)目中中國(guó)的占比從2007年的28上升到59。3碳排放使我國(guó)貿(mào)易結(jié)構(gòu)惡化碳排放使我國(guó)貿(mào)易結(jié)構(gòu)惡化我國(guó)傳統(tǒng)對(duì)外貿(mào)易發(fā)展模式是出口導(dǎo)向型，出口商品以勞動(dòng)密集型為主，具有高投入高消耗低效益的特點(diǎn)。從我國(guó)目前的貿(mào)易結(jié)構(gòu)看，出口產(chǎn)品集中在低技術(shù)、高耗能、高污染的勞動(dòng)密集型和資源密集型產(chǎn)業(yè)上，這些商品中礦物燃料、化學(xué)產(chǎn)品、原料制成品和高耗能金屬制品及一般低端機(jī)械設(shè)備等產(chǎn)品占出口的比重較高，而這些產(chǎn)品對(duì)生態(tài)環(huán)境的影響很大，均屬于低端加工產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈條中環(huán)境污染密集型、能源耗費(fèi)密集型產(chǎn)業(yè)。同時(shí)，美、歐、日等發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的高耗能高污染產(chǎn)業(yè)面臨著失去競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)和價(jià)值貶損的局面，有可能借機(jī)以廉價(jià)的條件，向我國(guó)轉(zhuǎn)移，而某些地方政府有對(duì)環(huán)境問題和長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)利益考慮不足，從而容易給這些發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的轉(zhuǎn)移帶來機(jī)會(huì)。此外，發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家有對(duì)環(huán)保節(jié)能核心技術(shù)進(jìn)行封鎖，對(duì)于關(guān)鍵領(lǐng)域，嚴(yán)格防止進(jìn)口的技術(shù)外溢效應(yīng)，這可能會(huì)使我國(guó)在進(jìn)

簡(jiǎn)介：第1頁(yè)共34頁(yè)2010201120102011學(xué)年度第二學(xué)期復(fù)習(xí)大綱學(xué)年度第二學(xué)期復(fù)習(xí)大綱（期末考試的題型和題量和此模擬題相同，但復(fù)習(xí)內(nèi)容以公告欄里的復(fù)習(xí)題為主。）20102011年第一學(xué)期大學(xué)英語(yǔ)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)11期末考試說明一、考試范圍大學(xué)英語(yǔ)（1）LESSON110。教材版本大學(xué)英語(yǔ)一謝毅斌主編2008年4月第一版。二、考試題型II單項(xiàng)選擇題單項(xiàng)選擇題（STRUCTURESTRUCTUREVOCABULARYVOCABULARY）DIRECTIONSDIRECTIONSEACHEACHOFOFTHETHEFOLLOWINGFOLLOWINGSENTENCESSENTENCESISISPROVIDEDPROVIDEDWITHWITHFOURFOURCHOICESCHOICESCHOOSECHOOSETHETHEONEONETHATTHATBESTBESTCOMPLETESCOMPLETESTHETHESENTENCESENTENCE每題每題1分,共5050題IIII辨錯(cuò)題辨錯(cuò)題ERRORERRORIDENTIFICATIONIDENTIFICATIONCHOOSECHOOSETHETHEONEONEWORDWORDORORPHRASEPHRASETHATTHATMUSTMUSTBEBECHANGEDCHANGEDININORDERORDERFORFORTHETHESENTENCESENTENCETOTOBEBECORRECTCORRECT每題每題1515分,共1010題IIIIII完型填空完型填空DIRECTIONSDIRECTIONSFORFOREACHEACHBLANKBLANKTHERETHEREAREAREFOURFOURCHOICESCHOICESMARKEDMARKEDA,A,B,B,C,C,ANDANDDDCHOOSECHOOSETHETHEONEONETHATTHATBESTBESTFITSFITSINTOINTOTHETHEPASSAGEPASSAGE每題每題1515分,共1010題IVIV閱讀理解閱讀理解DIRECTIONSDIRECTIONSEACHEACHPASSAGEPASSAGEISISFOLLOWEDFOLLOWEDBYBYTENTENSTATEMENTSSTATEMENTSPLEASEPLEASEDECIDEDECIDEWHETHERWHETHERTHETHESTATEMENTSSTATEMENTSAREARETRUETRUEORORFALSEFALSE每題每題2分,共1010題三、出題比例課內(nèi)占70％，課外30％。復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)要以熟悉課文內(nèi)容、認(rèn)真完成課后練習(xí)以及公告欄中的練習(xí)題為重點(diǎn)，同時(shí)還要加強(qiáng)課外閱讀。四、期末復(fù)習(xí)題（請(qǐng)?jiān)诒菊n程答疑信箱中的公告欄里下載）。五、考試時(shí)間90分鐘附部分模擬題及答案在公告欄里。第3頁(yè)共34頁(yè)6ONLYWHENYOUHAVEACQUIREDAGOODKNOWLEDGEOFGRAMMAR,___C__WRITECORRECTLYACANYOUBCAN’TYOUCYOUCANDYOUWILL7__B___THECHILDSAIDWASWHISPEREDFROMONETOTHEOTHERAWHATBTHATCWHICHDWHEN8YESTERDAYIWASTOOBUSYTOGOSHOPPINGIHADMYSISTER__C___ATOGOBGOCGONEDGOING9IWASUSED_____A_______INANOISYROOMATOWORKINGBTOWORKCWORKDWORKING10YETMUCHOFTHEWORLDISSTILLRAGINGWAR__C________WOMENAFORBWITHCAGAINSTDBY11____D_____THEPOLICY,THEBANKMUSTMAKEITWORKAHAVINGDESIGNEDBDESIGNEDCDESIGNDBEINGDESIGNED12ITDIFFERSFROMOTHERFORMSOFPAYMENT__C________ITOFFERSBOTHTHEBUYERANDTHESELLERAMEANSOFSECURITYAINITBINTHATCINWHICHDINWHAT13LEAVEYOURUMBRELLAINTHESTANDINTHE___B__________ASTAIRSBHALLCSTALLDDESK