簡介：附表2嘉應(yīng)學(xué)院本科畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）文獻(xiàn)綜述課題名稱基于JSP技術(shù)的圖書館管理系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)與實(shí)現(xiàn)系（專業(yè)）計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)與技術(shù)系年級2001級學(xué)生姓名周遠(yuǎn)輝指導(dǎo)教師肖振球分析。在本篇論文中我的主要觀點(diǎn)和所利用的主要參考文獻(xiàn)及其主要觀點(diǎn)分別有（1）第一部分主要論述圖書館管理的概述和面臨的問題，所引用的主要文獻(xiàn)）第一部分主要論述圖書館管理的概述和面臨的問題，所引用的主要文獻(xiàn)有有1孫東升，侯翠蘭網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境下圖書館建筑思考清華大學(xué)出版社2王世偉論網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境下圖書館的六大重建4楊立文，向濤對圖書館業(yè)務(wù)流程重組的思考圖書情報(bào)工作，2004163～66上述著作所參考的主要觀點(diǎn)有明確圖書館管理的概念和內(nèi)涵；目前圖書館的管理在不斷信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)化的今天所面臨了許多急待解決的問題圖書館的網(wǎng)站在信息量、訪問量及知名度等方面卻不盡如人意。造成這種局面的原因是多方面的,既有社會的原因,也有圖書館自身的原因。從社會方面來看,社會信息化程度偏低、政府投資較少是阻礙圖書館網(wǎng)站發(fā)展的主要原因；從圖書館方面看，1主頁信息量小,內(nèi)容和形式缺乏吸引力,更新不夠及時(shí)；2不能與圖書館管理系統(tǒng)相聯(lián),服務(wù)方式單一；3域名不完整,很多是掛在子目錄下面。因此強(qiáng)調(diào)圖書館管理的網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息化，利用網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源提高自身競爭實(shí)力是十分有必要的。（2）第二部分主要論述圖書館管理信息化的建設(shè)，所引用的主要文獻(xiàn)有）第二部分主要論述圖書館管理信息化的建設(shè)，所引用的主要文獻(xiàn)有3黃衛(wèi)偉管理學(xué)第四版中國人民大學(xué)出版社2004年10月5繆其浩“業(yè)務(wù)流程重組BPR”與圖書館改革中國圖書館學(xué)報(bào)，2003215～196陳大廣編制圖書館計(jì)劃和規(guī)則的一些思考2004年4月該部分是全文論述的重點(diǎn)部分。該部分所參考著作的主要觀點(diǎn)有分析圖書館管理信息化的理論基礎(chǔ)和面臨的問題；提出傳統(tǒng)的圖書館管理方式與現(xiàn)代網(wǎng)絡(luò)化圖書館管理方式的差別及網(wǎng)絡(luò)化圖書館的優(yōu)勢，還提出了對圖書館的網(wǎng)站建設(shè)應(yīng)采取的措施1增強(qiáng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)意識,積極申報(bào)域名；2建立功能強(qiáng)大的數(shù)據(jù)庫管理系統(tǒng)；3加強(qiáng)與兄弟單位的合作；4優(yōu)化頁面設(shè)計(jì),及時(shí)維護(hù)更新；5采取靈活的經(jīng)營網(wǎng)站策略；6利用地方特色提高網(wǎng)民的回頭率。其中有單機(jī)模式、網(wǎng)絡(luò)模式等軟件設(shè)計(jì)模型，并為所提出的系統(tǒng)提供了系統(tǒng)的解決方

簡介：“RISKMANAGEMENTINCOMMERCIALBANKS”ACASESTUDYOFPUBLICANDPRIVATESECTORBANKSABSTRACTONLY1PREAMBLE11RISKMANAGEMENTTHEFUTUREOFBANKINGWILLUNDOUBTEDLYRESTONRISKMANAGEMENTDYNAMICSONLYTHOSEBANKSTHATHAVEEFFICIENTRISKMANAGEMENTSYSTEMWILLSURVIVEINTHEMARKETINTHELONGRUNTHEEFFECTIVEMANAGEMENTOFCREDITRISKISACRITICALCOMPONENTOFCOMPREHENSIVERISKMANAGEMENTESSENTIALFORLONGTERMSUCCESSOFABANKINGINSTITUTIONCREDITRISKISTHEOLDESTANDBIGGESTRISKTHATBANK,BYVIRTUEOFITSVERYNATUREOFBUSINESS,INHERITSTHISHASHOWEVER,ACQUIREDAGREATERSIGNIFICANCEINTHERECENTPASTFORVARIOUSREASONSFOREMOSTAMONGTHEMISTHEWINDOFECONOMICLIBERALIZATIONTHATISBLOWINGACROSSTHEGLOBEINDIAISNOEXCEPTIONTOTHISSWINGTOWARDSMARKETDRIVENECONOMYCOMPETITIONFROMWITHINANDOUTSIDETHECOUNTRYHASINTENSIFIEDTHISHASRESULTEDINMULTIPLICITYOFRISKSBOTHINNUMBERANDVOLUMERESULTINGINVOLATILEMARKETSAPRECURSORTOSUCCESSFULMANAGEMENTOFCREDITRISKISACLEARUNDERSTANDINGABOUTRISKSINVOLVEDINLENDING,QUANTIFICATIONSOFRISKSWITHINEACHITEMOFTHEPORTFOLIOANDREACHINGACONCLUSIONASTOTHELIKELYCOMPOSITECREDITRISKPROFILEOFABANKTHECORNERSTONEOFCREDITRISKMANAGEMENTISTHEESTABLISHMENTOFAFRAMEWORKTHATDEFINESCORPORATEPRIORITIES,LOANAPPROVALPROCESS,CREDITRISKRATINGSYSTEM,RISKADJUSTEDPRICINGSYSTEM,LOANREVIEWMECHANISMANDCOMPREHENSIVEREPORTINGSYSTEM12SIGNIFICANCEOFTHESTUDYTHEFUNDAMENTALBUSINESSOFLENDINGHASBROUGHTTROUBLETOINDIVIDUALBANKSANDENTIREBANKINGSYSTEMITIS,THEREFORE,IMPERATIVETHATTHEBANKSAREADEQUATESYSTEMSFORCREDITASSESSMENTOFINDIVIDUALPROJECTSANDEVALUATINGRISKASSOCIATEDTHEREWITHASWELLASTHEINDUSTRYASAWHOLEGENERALLY,BANKSININDIAEVALUATEAPROPOSALTHROUGHTHETRADITIONALTOOLSOFPROJECTFINANCING,COMPUTINGMAXIMUMPERMISSIBLELIMITS,ASSESSINGMANAGEMENTCAPABILITIESANDPRESCRIBINGACEILINGFORANINDUSTRYEXPOSUREASBANKSMOVEINTOANEWHIGHPOWEREDWORLDOFFINANCIALOPERATIONSANDTRADING,WITHNEWRISKS,THENEEDISFELTFORMORESOPHISTICATEDANDVERSATILEINSTRUMENTSFORRISKASSESSMENT,MONITORINGANDCONTROLLINGRISKEXPOSURESITIS,THEREFORE,TIMETHATBANKSMANAGEMENTSEQUIPTHEMSELVESFULLYTOGRAPPLEWITHTHEDEMANDSOFCREATINGTOOLSANDSYSTEMSCAPABLEOFASSESSING,MONITORINGANDCONTROLLINGRISKEXPOSURESINAMORESCIENTIFICMANNERCREDITRISK,THATIS,DEFAULTBYTHEBORROWERTOREPAYLENTMONEY,REMAINSTHEMOSTIMPORTANTRISKTHERBIHASRECENTLYANNOUNCEDTHATTHEBANKSSHOULDNOTPAYDIVIDENDSATMORETHAN3333PERCENTOFTHEIRNETPROFITITHASFURTHERPROVIDEDTHATTHEBANKSHAVINGNPALEVELSLESSTHAN3PERCENTANDHAVINGCAPITALADEQUACYRESERVERATIOCARROFMORETHAN11PERCENTFORTHELASTTWOYEARSWILLONLYBEELIGIBLETODECLAREDIVIDENDSWITHOUTTHEPERMISSIONFROMRBI3THISSTEPISFORSTRENGTHENINGTHEBALANCESHEETOFALLTHEBANKSINTHECOUNTRYTHEBANKSSHOULDPROVIDESUFFICIENTPROVISIONSFROMTHEIRPROFITSSOASTOBRINGDOWNTHENETNPASLEVELTO3PERCENTOFTHEIRADVANCESNPASARETHEPRIMARYINDICATORSOFCREDITRISKCAPITALADEQUACYRATIOCARISANOTHERMEASUREOFCREDITRISKCARISSUPPOSEDTOACTASABUFFERAGAINSTCREDITLOSS,WHICHISSETAT9PERCENTUNDERTHERBISTIPULATION4WITHAVIEWTOMOVINGTOWARDSINTERNATIONALBESTPRACTICESANDTOENSUREGREATERTRANSPARENCY,ITHASBEENDECIDEDTOADOPTTHE’90DAYS’‘OVERDUE’NORMFORIDENTIFICATIONOFNPASFROMTHEYEARENDINGMARCH31,2004THENEWBASELCAPITALACCORDISSCHEDULEDTOBEIMPLEMENTEDBYTHEENDOF2006ALLTHEBANKINGSUPERVISORSMAYHAVETOJOINTHEACCORDEVENTHEDOMESTICBANKSINADDITIONTOINTERNATIONALLYACTIVEBANKSMAYHAVETOCONFORMTOTHEACCORDPRINCIPLESINTHECOMINGDECADESTHERBIASTHEREGULATOROFTHEINDIANBANKINGINDUSTRYHASSHOWNKEENINTERESTINSTRENGTHENINGTHESYSTEM,ANDTHEINDIVIDUALBANKSHAVERESPONDEDINGOODMEASUREINORIENTINGTHEMSELVESTOWARDSGLOBALBESTPRACTICES13CREDITRISKMANAGEMENTCRMDYNAMICSTHEWORLDOVER,CREDITRISKHASPROVEDTOBETHEMOSTCRITICALOFALLRISKSFACEDBYABANKINGINSTITUTIONASTUDYOFBANKFAILURESINNEWENGLANDFOUNDTHAT,OFTHE62BANKSINEXISTENCEBEFORE1984,WHICHFAILEDFROM1989TO1992,IN58CASESITWASOBSERVEDTHATLOANSANDADVANCESWERENOTBEINGREPAIDINTIME5THISSIGNIFIESTHEROLEOFCREDITRISKMANAGEMENTANDTHEREFOREITFORMSTHEBASISOFPRESENTRESEARCHANALYSISRESEARCHERSANDRISKMANAGEMENTPRACTITIONERSHAVECONSTANTLYTRIEDTOIMPROVEONCURRENTTECHNIQUESANDINRECENTYEARS,ENORMOUSSTRIDESHAVEBEENMADEINTHEARTANDSCIENCEOFCREDITRISKMEASUREMENTANDMANAGEMENT6MUCHOFTHEPROGRESSINTHISFIELDHASRESULTEDFORMTHELIMITATIONSOFTRADITIONALAPPROACHESTOCREDITRISKMANAGEMENTANDWITHTHECURRENTBANKFORINTERNATIONALSETTLEMENT’BISREGULATORYMODELEVENINBANKSWHICHREGULARLYFINETUNECREDITPOLICIESANDSTREAMLINECREDITPROCESSES,ITISAREALCHALLENGEFORCREDITRISKMANAGERSTOCORRECTLYIDENTIFYPOCKETSOFRISKCONCENTRATION,QUANTIFYEXTENTOFRISKCARRIED,IDENTIFYOPPORTUNITIESFORDIVERSIFICATIONANDBALANCETHERISKRETURNTRADEOFFINTHEIRCREDITPORTFOLIO

簡介：TEMPERATURECONTROLUSINGAMICROCONTROLLERANINTERDISCIPLINARYUNDERGRADUATEENGINEERINGDESIGNPROJECTJAMESSMCDONALDDEPARTMENTOFENGINEERINGSCIENCETRINITYUNIVERSITYSANANTONIO,TX78212ABSTRACTTHISPAPERDESCRIBESANINTERDISCIPLINARYDESIGNPROJECTWHICHWASDONEUNDERTHEAUTHOR’SSUPERVISIONBYAGROUPOFFOURSENIORSTUDENTSINTHEDEPARTMENTOFENGINEERINGSCIENCEATTRINITYUNIVERSITYTHEOBJECTIVEOFTHEPROJECTWASTODEVELOPATEMPERATURECONTROLSYSTEMFORANAIRFILLEDCHAMBERTHESYSTEMWASTOALLOWENTRYOFADESIREDCHAMBERTEMPERATUREINAPRESCRIBEDRANGEANDTOEXHIBITOVERSHOOTANDSTEADYSTATETEMPERATUREERROROFLESSTHAN1DEGREEKELVININTHEACTUALCHAMBERTEMPERATURESTEPRESPONSETHEDETAILSOFTHEDESIGNDEVELOPEDBYTHISGROUPOFSTUDENTS,BASEDONAMOTOROLAMC68HC05FAMILYMICROCONTROLLER,AREDESCRIBEDTHEPEDAGOGICALVALUEOFTHEPROBLEMISALSODISCUSSEDTHROUGHADESCRIPTIONOFSOMEOFTHEKEYSTEPSINTHEDESIGNPROCESSITISSHOWNTHATTHESOLUTIONREQUIRESBROADKNOWLEDGEDRAWNFROMSEVERALENGINEERINGDISCIPLINESINCLUDINGELECTRICAL,MECHANICAL,ANDCONTROLSYSTEMSENGINEERING1INTRODUCTIONTHEDESIGNPROJECTWHICHISTHESUBJECTOFTHISPAPERORIGINATEDFROMAREALWORLDAPPLICATIONAPROTOTYPEOFAMICROSCOPESLIDEDRYERHADBEENDEVELOPEDAROUNDANOMEGATMMODELCN390TEMPERATURECONTROLLER,ANDTHEOBJECTIVEWASTODEVELOPACUSTOMTEMPERATURECONTROLSYSTEMTOREPLACETHEOMEGASYSTEMTHEMOTIVATIONWASTHATACUSTOMCONTROLLERTARGETEDSPECIFICALLYFORTHEAPPLICATIONSHOULDBEABLETOACHIEVETHESAMEFUNCTIONALITYATAMUCHLOWERCOST,ASTHEOMEGASYSTEMISUNNECESSARILYVERSATILEANDEQUIPPEDTOHANDLEAWIDEVARIETYOFAPPLICATIONSTHEMECHANICALLAYOUTOFTHESLIDEDRYERPROTOTYPEISSHOWNINFIGURE1THEMAINELEMENTOFTHEDRYERISALARGE,INSULATED,AIRFILLEDCHAMBERINWHICHMICROSCOPESLIDES,EACHWITHATISSUESAMPLEENCASEDINPARAFFIN,CANBESETONCADDIESINORDERTHATTHEPARAFFINMAINTAINSTHEPROPERCONSISTENCY,THETEMPERATUREINTHESLIDECHAMBERMUSTBEMAINTAINEDATADESIREDCONSTANTTEMPERATUREASECONDCHAMBERTHEELECTRONICSENCLOSUREHOUSESARESISTIVEHEATERANDTHETEMPERATURECONTROLLER,ANDAFANMOUNTEDONTHEENDOFTHEDRYERBLOWSAIRACROSSTHEHEATER,CARRYINGHEATINTOTHESLIDECHAMBERTHISDESIGNPROJECTWASCARRIEDOUTDURINGACADEMICYEAR1996–97BYFOURSTUDENTSUNDERTHEAUTHOR’SSUPERVISIONASASENIORDESIGNPROJECTINTHEDEPARTMENTOFENGINEERINGSCIENCEATTRINITYUNIVERSITYTHEPURPOSEOFTHISPAPERISALTHOUGHNOTEXPLICITLYAPARTOFTHESPECIFICATIONSINTABLE1,ITWASCLEARTHATTHECUSTOMERDESIREDDIGITALDISPLAYSOFSETPOINTANDACTUALTEMPERATURES,ANDTHATSETPOINTTEMPERATUREENTRYSHOULDBEDIGITALASWELLASOPPOSEDTO,SAY,THROUGHAPOTENTIOMETERSETTING3SYSTEMDESIGNTHEREQUIREMENTSFORDIGITALTEMPERATUREDISPLAYSANDSETPOINTENTRYALONEAREENOUGHTODICTATETHATAMICROCONTROLLERBASEDDESIGNISLIKELYTHEMOSTAPPROPRIATEFIGURE2SHOWSABLOCKDIAGRAMOFTHESTUDENTS’DESIGN

簡介：分子印跡技術(shù)基本原理及應(yīng)用分子印跡技術(shù)基本原理及應(yīng)用摘要摘要分子印跡是制備具有分子特異識別功能聚合物的一種技術(shù)本文介紹了分子印跡技術(shù)的基本原理和特點(diǎn)，綜述了該技術(shù)在色譜、固相萃取、藥物分析、生化分離、生物傳感器技術(shù)以及生物催化方面的研究與應(yīng)用，具體介紹該技術(shù)的幾個(gè)應(yīng)用實(shí)例。關(guān)鍵詞分子印跡技術(shù)；基本原理；特點(diǎn)；綜述；應(yīng)用實(shí)例目錄目錄分子印跡技術(shù)基本原理及應(yīng)用1摘要11分子印跡技術(shù)的基本概念、基本原理和特點(diǎn)111分子印跡技術(shù)的基本概念112分子印跡技術(shù)的基本原理213分子印跡技術(shù)的特點(diǎn)22分子印跡技術(shù)的應(yīng)用范圍和應(yīng)用實(shí)例介紹421分子印跡在色譜分離技術(shù)中的應(yīng)用522分子印跡技術(shù)在固相萃取中的應(yīng)用823分子印跡技術(shù)在藥物分析中的應(yīng)用924分子印跡技術(shù)在模擬酶催化中的應(yīng)用925分子印跡技術(shù)在傳感器中的應(yīng)用103總結(jié)11參考文獻(xiàn)121分子印跡技術(shù)的基本概念、基本原理和特點(diǎn)分子印跡技術(shù)的基本概念、基本原理和特點(diǎn)11分子印跡技術(shù)的基本概念分子印跡技術(shù)的基本概念分子印跡，又稱為分子烙印MOLECULARIMPRINTING，是源于高分子化學(xué)、材料化學(xué)、生物化學(xué)等學(xué)科的一門交叉學(xué)科技術(shù)。分子印跡技術(shù)MOLECULARIMPRINTINGTECHNIQUE，MIT也叫做分子模版技術(shù)，屬于超分子化學(xué)研究范疇，是指某以特定的目標(biāo)分子（模版分子、印跡分子或不具備的抗惡劣環(huán)境的能力，從而表現(xiàn)出高度的穩(wěn)定性和很長的使用壽命4132分子印跡技術(shù)的分類分子印跡技術(shù)的分類（1）預(yù)組裝法PREORGANIZEDAPPROACH共價(jià)鍵作用在共價(jià)鍵法中，印記分子和功能單體以共價(jià)鍵的形式結(jié)合生成印跡分子的衍生物，該聚合物進(jìn)一步在化學(xué)條件下打開共價(jià)鍵使印跡分子脫離。功能單體一般采用小分子化合物。共價(jià)鍵結(jié)合作用包括硼酸酯、席夫堿、縮醛（酮）、酯、螯合鍵作用等。共價(jià)鍵法主要用于制備各種具有特異性識別功能的聚合物，如糖類及其衍生物、甘油酸及其衍生物、氨基酸及其衍生物、扁桃酸、芳香酮、二醛、三醛、鐵轉(zhuǎn)移蛋白、聯(lián)輔酶及甾醇類物質(zhì)圖2共價(jià)法合成的分子印跡聚合物（2）自組裝法（SELFASSEMBLYAPPROACH）非共價(jià)作用非共價(jià)法即把適當(dāng)比例的印跡分子與功能單體和交聯(lián)劑混合，通過非共價(jià)鍵結(jié)合在一起生成非共價(jià)鍵印跡分子聚合物。這些非共價(jià)鍵包括氫鍵、靜電引力、金屬螯合作用、電荷轉(zhuǎn)移作用、疏水作用以及范德華力等。此法主要用于下列物質(zhì)的分離中染料、二胺、維生素、氨基酸衍生物、多肽、腎上腺素功能藥物阻抑劑、茶堿、二氮雜苯、核苷酸堿基、非甾醇類抗感染藥萘普生和芐胺等。圖3非共價(jià)法分子印跡聚合物的合成（3）共價(jià)作用與非共價(jià)作用雜化

簡介：畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說明書論文作者傅興元學(xué)號0445201院系自動(dòng)化工程學(xué)院化工程學(xué)院儀器科學(xué)與技器科學(xué)與技術(shù)系專業(yè)測控技控技術(shù)及儀器題目風(fēng)力發(fā)電綜發(fā)電綜述指導(dǎo)者仇林仇林慶副教授副教授評閱者2008年6月吉林摘要當(dāng)今能源日趨緊張,能源多樣化逐漸得到人們的關(guān)注。研究開發(fā)可再生能源來補(bǔ)充或替代常規(guī)能源,得到世界各國的廣泛重視。風(fēng)能作為取之不盡、用之不竭的可再生清潔能源,已日益受到我國政府的重視,由于我國風(fēng)力資源豐富,且風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)制造成本在逐年下降,因此風(fēng)力發(fā)電前景廣闊。本文主要介紹了世界風(fēng)力發(fā)電的現(xiàn)狀、風(fēng)力發(fā)電原理、風(fēng)電的經(jīng)濟(jì)性、風(fēng)電場的建設(shè)過程、風(fēng)電機(jī)組和電網(wǎng)介紹、風(fēng)力發(fā)電控制系統(tǒng)、風(fēng)車的組成和維護(hù)、風(fēng)力發(fā)電對環(huán)境的影響和自身的特點(diǎn),以及風(fēng)電的發(fā)展前景。同時(shí)，還分析了制約我國風(fēng)力發(fā)電的因素和風(fēng)力發(fā)電與其他發(fā)電方式的區(qū)別。關(guān)鍵詞風(fēng)力發(fā)電；風(fēng)電場建設(shè)；環(huán)境影響；制約因素；發(fā)展前景

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簡介：外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯原文及譯文外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯原文及譯文（節(jié)選重點(diǎn)翻譯）標(biāo)題標(biāo)題在線書店網(wǎng)上書店?duì)I銷外文翻譯中英文文獻(xiàn)出處文獻(xiàn)出處LIBRARYINFORMATIONSCIENCERESEARCH，VOLUME3,ISSUE8,OCTOBER2020,PAGES4956譯文字?jǐn)?shù)譯文字?jǐn)?shù)3700多字MULTIMEDIATECHNOLOGYHAVEGROWNELECTRONICCOMMERCEECOMMERCEANDOFFEREDANEWBUSINESSMODELFORTHOSEINDUSTRIESUSINGPHYSICALDISTRIBUTIONSYSTEMBECAUSETHEREARENOLIMITATIONSOFTIMEANDSPACEONTHEINTERNET,CUSTOMERS,THEREFORE,CANBROWSEAMONGPRODUCTSANDORDEREASILYINTHEMIDSTOFANINFORMATIONEXPLOSION,THEDEMANDFROMCUSTOMERSSTARVINGFORKNOWLEDGEINCREASESUNDERTHECIRCUMSTANCES,WITHTHEAIDOFTHEINTERNET,THEONLINEBOOKSTORENOTONLYPROVIDESTHECONVENIENCEFORREADING,BUTALSOCUSTOMIZESINDIVIDUALSERVICE,BOTHCOMBINEDTOSATISFYREADERS’DEMANDOFKNOWLEDGEATPRESENT,ONEOFTHEMARKETINGAPPROACHESINTHEONLINEBOOKSTOREISTOEMAILBOOKLISTSTOALLCUSTOMERSINTHEDATABASE,EXPECTINGTOINCREASETHERESPONSEANDPURCHASERATETHROUGHTHEMASSIVECONTACTTHEREISNOPRECLASSIFICATIONORSCREENINGINTHIS“ONETOALL”APPROACHANIMPROVEDAPPROACHISTOEMAILONEOFTHEPREDESIGNEDBOOKLISTSTOEACHCUSTOMERBASEDONTHEIRPASTTRANSACTIONRECORDSANDINTERESTSHOWEVER,THEMOSTIDEALISTICMETHODISTOUSE“ONETOONE”MARKETING,WHICHISANAPPROACHTHATCONCENTRATESONPROVIDINGSERVICESORPRODUCTSTOONECUSTOMERATATIMEBYIDENTIFYINGANDTHENMEETINGTHEIRINDIVIDUALNEEDSDATAMININGISTHETECHNIQUEOFSORTINGTHROUGHLARGEAMOUNTSOFDATAANDPICKINGOUTRELEVANTINFORMATIONHANKAMBER,2001,ANDCANBEUSEDTOACHIEVEONETOONEMARKETINGBERRYLINOFF,1997

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簡介：下肢靜脈曲張下肢靜脈曲張是一種很常見的疾病，在下肢靜脈曲張剛開始的時(shí)候我們可以感覺都的表現(xiàn)性是局部分皮膚癢，可能也是由于有些人群要站立工作就導(dǎo)致了腿部酸脹，疲勞感增大，慢慢的腿部的突起表現(xiàn)就會像蚯蚓搬的狀態(tài)，下肢靜脈曲張主要是發(fā)生在靜脈壁的中層位置，此時(shí)毛細(xì)血管微張，這個(gè)時(shí)候其實(shí)也是治療下肢靜脈曲張最佳的時(shí)候。在我們的生活之中已經(jīng)有很多人都被著這個(gè)疾病所困擾，下肢靜脈曲張主要的明顯表現(xiàn)在為我們的重要部位下肢，下肢其實(shí)也是大家都很關(guān)心的，如果因?yàn)橄轮o脈曲張直接造成了視覺上的不足，自己就會心情壓抑甚至嚴(yán)重的患者會對生活失去信心，我們也只是大概的知道下肢靜脈曲張這個(gè)名稱，并不知道下肢靜脈曲張的主要癥狀都是什么。一般患上下肢靜脈曲張的患者，首先腿部患處會有一定的表現(xiàn)?；疾〉男⊥葧谐林亍⒛[脹的感覺，總是感覺腿部比較沉，然后慢慢就能看見小腿部會有一些明顯的血管顯現(xiàn)，腿部上會有突起的一些小結(jié)節(jié)，伴隨鈍痛的感覺。患病的患者一般腿部會感覺無力、疲勞，逛街一段時(shí)間以后就會有明顯的疲勞，而且會感覺腿部特別脹。慢慢就會出現(xiàn)血管異常擴(kuò)張、皮膚掉皮、潰瘍等現(xiàn)象，后期疾病對患者的影響會更大。、表層血管像蚯蚓一樣曲張，明顯凸出皮膚曲張呈團(tuán)狀或結(jié)節(jié)狀。這是最明顯的下肢靜脈曲張的癥狀。、患肢淺靜脈隆起、擴(kuò)張、變曲，甚至迂曲或團(tuán)塊狀，站立時(shí)下肢靜脈曲張的癥狀更明顯。、腫脹，在踝部、足背可出現(xiàn)輕微的水腫，也是常見的下肢靜脈曲張的癥狀，嚴(yán)重者小腿下段亦可有輕度水腫。、趾指甲增厚、變形、生長緩慢或停止，同樣是常見的下肢靜脈曲張的癥狀。、肢體有異樣的感覺，肢體發(fā)冷，肢體潮熱，患肢變細(xì)，變粗皮膚有針刺感、奇癢感、麻木感、灼熱感。12345無創(chuàng)血流動(dòng)力學(xué)介入療法充分運(yùn)用超聲介入學(xué)科的無創(chuàng)性與定點(diǎn)介入的準(zhǔn)確性，針對腿部病變部位，根據(jù)血流動(dòng)力學(xué)原理進(jìn)行一次介入治療，同時(shí)選用特色血管營養(yǎng)藥物，配合腿部血管恢復(fù)靜脈瓣膜功能，恢復(fù)深層靜脈的血流暢通，從而改善表層的血液循環(huán)，達(dá)到徹底治愈的效果。上海武警浦東醫(yī)院上海武警浦東醫(yī)院華東靜脈曲張治療基地華東靜脈曲張治療基地WWWSHWJHZYYCOM

簡介：湖南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)東方科技學(xué)院課程論文學(xué)院東方科技學(xué)院班級食品科學(xué)與工程姓名唐澤文學(xué)號201041905210課程論文題目食品感官評價(jià)的主要方法及其在食品加工中的應(yīng)用課程名稱食品感官評價(jià)評閱成績評閱意見成績評定教師簽名日期2013年月日味覺,嗅覺,視覺,聽覺等,用語言,文字,符號或數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行記錄,再運(yùn)用概率統(tǒng)計(jì)原理進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,從而得出結(jié)論,對食品的色,香,味,形,質(zhì)地,口感等各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)做出評價(jià)的方法。食品感官評定的意義，可以對對食品的可接受性作出判斷，并鑒別食品質(zhì)量，因感官檢驗(yàn)不僅能直接對食品的感官性狀做出判斷,而且可察覺異?，F(xiàn)象的有無,并據(jù)此提出必要的理化檢測和微生物檢驗(yàn)項(xiàng)目,便于食品質(zhì)量的檢測和控制。因此可知道食品的主要質(zhì)量特性1、不受人的感覺影響,只根據(jù)產(chǎn)品的物理,化學(xué)狀態(tài)而區(qū)分的特性,是產(chǎn)品固有的,例如產(chǎn)品大小,重量,顏色等利用人的官能進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn),如罐頭的敲打檢驗(yàn),西瓜成熟度的判定等2、受人的感覺,嗜好所影響的特性,如食品的味道,包裝裝潢等。通過對食品質(zhì)量特性方便對食品感官評價(jià)的應(yīng)用。（二）食品感官評價(jià)的主要類型1、分析型感官評價(jià)分析型感官評價(jià)是把人的感覺器官作為一種檢驗(yàn)測量的工具,來評價(jià)樣品的質(zhì)量特性或鑒別多個(gè)樣品之間的差異等。分析型感官評價(jià)是通過感覺器官的感覺來進(jìn)行檢測的,因此,為了降低個(gè)人感覺之間差異的影響,提高檢測的重現(xiàn)性,以獲得高精度的測定結(jié)果,必須注意評價(jià)基準(zhǔn)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化,試驗(yàn)條件的規(guī)范化和評價(jià)員的素質(zhì)選定。1評價(jià)基準(zhǔn)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化在感官測定食品的質(zhì)量特性時(shí),對每一測定項(xiàng)目,都必須有明確,具體的評價(jià)尺度及評價(jià)基準(zhǔn)物,亦即評價(jià)基準(zhǔn)應(yīng)統(tǒng)一,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化,以防評價(jià)員采用各自的評價(jià)基準(zhǔn)和尺度,使結(jié)果難以統(tǒng)一和比較對同一類食品進(jìn)行感官檢驗(yàn)時(shí),其基準(zhǔn)及評價(jià)尺度,必須具有連貫性及穩(wěn)定性因此制作標(biāo)準(zhǔn)樣品是評價(jià)基準(zhǔn)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的最有效的方法。2實(shí)驗(yàn)條件的規(guī)范化感官檢驗(yàn)中,分析結(jié)果很容易受環(huán)境及實(shí)驗(yàn)條件的影響,故實(shí)驗(yàn)條件應(yīng)規(guī)范化,如必須有合適的感官實(shí)驗(yàn)室,有適宜的光照等以防實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果受環(huán)境,條件的影響而出現(xiàn)大的波動(dòng)。3評價(jià)員的素質(zhì)從事感官檢驗(yàn)的評價(jià)員,必須有良好的生理及心理?xiàng)l件,并經(jīng)過適當(dāng)?shù)挠?xùn)練,感官感覺敏銳。綜上所述,分析型感官檢驗(yàn)是評價(jià)員對物品的客觀評價(jià),其分析結(jié)果不受人的主觀意志干擾2、偏愛型感官檢驗(yàn)偏愛型感官評價(jià)是以樣品為工具,來了解人的感官反應(yīng)及傾向這種檢驗(yàn)必須用

簡介：外文資料原文SOFTWAREDEVELOPMENTCONCEPTSANDDESIGNMETHODOLOGIESDURINGTHE1960S,MAINFRAMESANDHIGHERLEVELPROGRAMMINGLANGUAGESWEREAPPLIEDTOMANYPROBLEMSINCLUDINGHUMANRESOURCESYSTEMS,RESERVATIONSYSTEMS,ANDMANUFACTURINGSYSTEMSCOMPUTERSANDSOFTWAREWERESEENASTHECUREALLFORMANYBUSINESSISSUESWERESOMETIMESAPPLIEDBLINDLYSYSTEMSSOMETIMESFAILEDTOSOLVETHEPROBLEMFORWHICHTHEYWEREDESIGNEDFORMANYREASONSINCLUDINGINABILITYTOSUFFICIENTLYUNDERSTANDCOMPLEXPROBLEMSNOTSUFFICIENTLYTAKINGINTOACCOUNTENDUSERNEEDS,THEORGANIZATIONALENVIRONMENT,ANDPERFORMANCETRADEOFFSINABILITYTOACCURATELYESTIMATEDEVELOPMENTTIMEANDOPERATIONALCOSTSLACKOFFRAMEWORKFORCONSISTENTANDREGULARCUSTOMERCOMMUNICATIONSATTHISTIME,THECONCEPTOFSTRUCTUREDPROGRAMMING,TOPDOWNDESIGN,STEPWISEREFINEMENT，ANDMODULARITYEMERGEDSTRUCTUREDPROGRAMMINGISSTILLTHEMOSTDOMINANTAPPROACHTOSOFTWAREENGINEERINGANDISSTILLEVOLVINGTHESEFAILURESLEDTOTHECONCEPTOF“SOFTWAREENGINEERING“BASEDUPONTHEIDEATHATANENGINEERINGLIKEDISCIPLINECOULDBEAPPLIEDTOSOFTWAREDESIGNANDDEVELOPMENTSOFTWAREDESIGNISAPROCESSWHERETHESOFTWAREDESIGNERAPPLIESTECHNIQUESANDPRINCIPLESTOPRODUCEACONCEPTUALMODELTHATDESCRIBESANDDEFINESASOLUTIONTOAPROBLEMINTHEBEGINNING,THISDESIGNPROCESSHASNOTBEENWELLSTRUCTUREDANDTHEMODELDOESNOTALWAYSACCURATELYREPRESENTTHEPROBLEMOFSOFTWAREDEVELOPMENTHOWEVER,DESIGNMETHODOLOGIESHAVEBEENEVOLVINGTOACCOMMODATECHANGESINTECHNOLOGYCOUPLEDWITHOURINCREASEDUNDERSTANDINGOFDEVELOPMENTPROCESSESWHEREASEARLYDESIGNMETHODSADDRESSEDSPECIFICASPECTSOFTHEDEVELOPMENTPROCESS,CURRENTMETHODSATTEMPTTOADDRESSTHEENTIRESCOPEOFSOFTWAREDEVELOPMENTSOFTWAREDESIGNMETHODSAREOFTENCLASSIFIEDINREFERENCETOTHEPERIODINWHICHTHEYWEREINTRODUCEDANDTHEPROBLEMSATTHATTIMEDRIVENBYCODINGANDTESTINGPROBLEMS,3IMPLEMENTATION,TESTING,ANDMAINTENANCETHISTHOUGHTPROCESSISINADEQUATEFORTODAYSCOMPLEXINFORMATIONSYSTEMSASTHEDEMANDFORSOFTWAREISGROWINGMUCHFASTERTHANTHENUMBEROFDEVELOPERS,ADHERINGTOCONVENTIONALTECHNIQUESSUCHASTHEWATERFALLMETHODREQUIRESTOOMUCHTIME,TOOMANYPEOPLE,ANDISDIFFICULTTOMANAGEHENCE,MANYNEWSOFTWAREDEVELOPMENTTECHNOLOGIESHAVEARISENNEWLYDEVELOPEDPRACTICESANDMODELSDONOTATTEMPTTOSEPARATEPHASESOFSOFTWAREDEVELOPMENT,SUCHASSPECIFICATIONANDIMPLEMENTATION,BUTINSTEADFOCUSONTHECONCEPTOFPROGRAMTRANSFORMATIONTHROUGHSTEPWISEREFINEMENTANDITERATION1、OBJECTORIENTEDTECHNOLOGYOBJECTORIENTEDOOSOFTWAREDESIGNTECHNOLOGYISFUNDAMENTALLYDIFFERENTFROMTHETRADITIONALMETHODSDESCRIBEDABOVEWITHTRADITIONALMETHODS,EACHMODULEISRECOGNIZEDAMAJORSTEPINTHEOVERALLPROCESSANDTHEPROCESSGOESFROMONESTEPTOTHENEXTONTHEOTHERHAND,OODESIGNISSTRUCTUREDAROUNDAMODELOFOBJECTSANDTHEFUNCTIONSTHEYPERFORMOOPROGRAMMINGCANBETRACEDTOTHESIMULATIONLANGUAGESIMULA,AHIGHLEVELLANGUAGEDEVELOPEDINTHELATE60STHATINTRODUCEDOBJECTCLASSESASAMETHODTOENCAPSULATEDATALATER,INTHE1970S,SMALLTALKWASINTRODUCEDASACOMPLETEGRAPGHDESIGNANDCODINGASDETAILISADDEDTOTHEDESIGNTHISPROVIDESACOMMONLANGUAGETHROUGHOUTEACHSTAGEINDEVELOPMENTOOISBESTAPPLIEDWITHSPECIFICALLYDESIGNEDOODEVELOPMENTTOOLS,BUTITISIMPORTANTTOREMEMBERTHATASAMETHODOLOGYISITNOTSPECIFICTOANYPROGRAMMINGLANGUAGEMANYDIFFERENTPROGRAMMINGLANGUAGESCANBEUSEDTOIMPLEMENT00TECHNOLOGYANDDESIGNMETHODOLOGIESINSTEADOFPROCEDURESANDFUNCTIONSPASSINGDATABACKANDFORTH,INOBJECTORIENTEDDESIGN,THESYSTEMISVIEWEDASACOLLECTIONOFOBJECTSWITHMESSAGESPASSEDFROMOBJECTTOOBJECTEACHOBJECTHASITSOWNSETOFASSOCIATEDOPERATIONSOBJECTORIENTEDDESIGNISBASEDONTHEIDEAOFINFORMATIONHIDINGANDMODULARIZATIONOFBOTHDATAANDPROCESSINGITISBESTUSEDWHENNEITHERDATASTRUCTURENORPROCESSINGOPERATIONSAREWELLDEFINEDAHEADOFTIMETHISISQUITEUSEFULINTODAYSBUSINESSENVIRONMENTWHEREREQUIREMENTSAREALWAYSCHANGINGANDNOTVERYWELLDEFINEDTHUS,ITHASBECOMEQUITEPOPULARTHECONCEPTOFOBJECTSPERFORMINGSERVICESISANATURALWAYOFTHINKINGFORBOTHDEVELOPERS

簡介：外文翻譯，網(wǎng)上搜索所得基于J2EE在分布式環(huán)境下的底層結(jié)構(gòu)的自動(dòng)動(dòng)態(tài)配置的應(yīng)用ANATOLYAKKERMAN,ALEXANDERTOTOK,ANDVIJAYKARAMCHETI摘要摘要為了實(shí)現(xiàn)廣域網(wǎng)中符合工業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)基于組件的應(yīng)用程序中動(dòng)態(tài)的可適應(yīng)性，我們需要一種框架來在這樣的環(huán)境里自動(dòng)化地配置J2EE應(yīng)用程序。這種需要對于哪怕在單一的應(yīng)用程序服務(wù)器上嘗試部署J2EE應(yīng)用的人來說也顯而易見，這種任務(wù)設(shè)計(jì)到大量的系統(tǒng)服務(wù)和應(yīng)用組件的配置。關(guān)鍵詞關(guān)鍵詞J2EE；動(dòng)態(tài)配置；分布式；組件；1前言近幾年，我們已經(jīng)看到基于組件的企業(yè)應(yīng)用開發(fā)的顯著增加。這種應(yīng)用程序通常被部署在公司的內(nèi)部網(wǎng)或者是因特網(wǎng)上，以高事務(wù)容量，大量的用戶和覆蓋范圍廣的訪問為特征，它通常會被部署在中央?yún)^(qū)域，采用服務(wù)器集群來均衡負(fù)載從而支持用戶下載。但是這種平均負(fù)荷的方法被證明只對減少應(yīng)用轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)的用戶可以察覺的反應(yīng)時(shí)間有效，而對于減少網(wǎng)絡(luò)方面的延遲作用不大，垂直分割（例如運(yùn)行網(wǎng)絡(luò)層和事務(wù)層在不同的虛擬機(jī)）被用于錯(cuò)誤分離和均衡負(fù)荷，但是它是不符合實(shí)際的由于遠(yuǎn)程調(diào)運(yùn)的大量使用顯著地增加了運(yùn)行時(shí)時(shí)間。最近的著作已經(jīng)表明在廣域網(wǎng)中利用垂直負(fù)荷而不引起前面所述的超時(shí)問題的可行性。那非研究的主要結(jié)論可以概括如下1應(yīng)用合適的應(yīng)用程序，在廣域網(wǎng)中的垂直負(fù)荷可以察覺的延遲。2廣域垂直層需要復(fù)制應(yīng)用層組件而且需要維持和原組件間的一致性。3新加的復(fù)制組件可以被動(dòng)態(tài)配置以滿足新的需要。4事實(shí)上，不同的復(fù)制組件可能會根據(jù)應(yīng)用不同的方式實(shí)現(xiàn)相組件。5新的請求路徑可以復(fù)用先前的組件配置路徑。應(yīng)用智能監(jiān)視和人工智能規(guī)劃方法再結(jié)合那個(gè)研究得出的結(jié)論，我們看到通過動(dòng)態(tài)布置基于動(dòng)態(tài)監(jiān)視的額外的應(yīng)用組件，在廣域網(wǎng)中符合工業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)基于組件的應(yīng)用程序中動(dòng)態(tài)的可適應(yīng)性是可以實(shí)現(xiàn)的。然而，為了實(shí)現(xiàn)這種動(dòng)態(tài)可適性，我們需要一種框架來在這樣的環(huán)境里自動(dòng)化地配置J2EE應(yīng)用程序。這種需要對于哪怕在單一的應(yīng)用程序服務(wù)器上嘗試布置J2EE應(yīng)用的人來說也顯而易見，這種任務(wù)設(shè)計(jì)到大量的系統(tǒng)服務(wù)和應(yīng)用組件的配置。例如你必須在配置和部署應(yīng)用組件前先建立JDBC數(shù)據(jù)源，21介紹組件框架。組件框架是一種中間件系統(tǒng)，它支持遵守一定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的有不同組件構(gòu)成的應(yīng)用程序。應(yīng)用組件被塞入這種確立它們運(yùn)行環(huán)境和規(guī)定它們交互的框架中。這通常是通過容器，組件持有者來實(shí)現(xiàn)的。這種容器也提供通常需要的功能以實(shí)現(xiàn)命名，安全性，事務(wù)，和持久性組件框架為組件的執(zhí)行提供了一個(gè)集成的環(huán)境，因此顯著的減少了在設(shè)計(jì)，實(shí)現(xiàn)，部署和維護(hù)應(yīng)用程序時(shí)工作?，F(xiàn)在工業(yè)上的組件框架標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以對象管理組的CORBA組件模型，SUN公司的JAVA2PLATFORMJ企業(yè)版J2EE和微軟公司的NET標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，其中在企業(yè)里應(yīng)用最為廣泛的組件框架是2EEE。J2EEJ2EE是開發(fā)多層企業(yè)應(yīng)用JAVA程序的綜合性的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。J2EE規(guī)范定義如下1組件編程模型。2組件和主服務(wù)器的鏈接。3服務(wù)器提供給組件的服務(wù)。4各種各樣的人物角色。5兼容性檢驗(yàn)裝置和編譯測試程序。在眾多的服務(wù)列表中，消息通信，事務(wù)處理，命名機(jī)制和其它應(yīng)用組件用到的服務(wù)是應(yīng)用服務(wù)器必須提供的。用J2EE進(jìn)行應(yīng)用開發(fā)必須遵守經(jīng)典的3層結(jié)構(gòu)表現(xiàn)層，業(yè)務(wù)層和企業(yè)信息系統(tǒng)層。屬于各層的J2EE組件在開發(fā)時(shí)遵守具體的J2EE標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。1、表現(xiàn)層或者網(wǎng)絡(luò)層這一層實(shí)際上又被分為客戶端和服務(wù)器端。客戶端包括瀏覽器，APPLETS，JAVA應(yīng)用程序等和負(fù)責(zé)和服務(wù)器端的表現(xiàn)層或者業(yè)務(wù)層進(jìn)行交互。服務(wù)器端包括SERVLET、JSP和靜態(tài)網(wǎng)頁內(nèi)容。這些組件負(fù)責(zé)把業(yè)務(wù)數(shù)據(jù)傳遞給終端用戶。數(shù)據(jù)本身通常從業(yè)務(wù)層獲得有時(shí)也從企業(yè)信息系統(tǒng)層直接獲得。表現(xiàn)層的服務(wù)器端通常通過HTTP協(xié)議來進(jìn)行訪問。2、業(yè)務(wù)層或者EJB層這一層包含EJB，即企業(yè)應(yīng)用的事務(wù)邏輯模型。這些組件提供了持久化機(jī)制和事務(wù)支持。EJB中的組件通過RMI被調(diào)用。在JAVA虛擬機(jī)調(diào)用或者異步的消息傳遞，取決與EJB組件的類型。EJB規(guī)范定義了很多種組件。它們在調(diào)用風(fēng)格（同步和異步，本地和遠(yuǎn)程）與狀態(tài)（完全狀態(tài)，不可持久狀態(tài)，可持久）方面不同。同步調(diào)用的EJB組件通過特定的工廠代理對象來表現(xiàn)自己。這種工廠代理對象通常被EJB部署者

簡介：外文翻譯INTRODUCTIONOFVISUALBASIC60VISUALBASIC,LISTEDVB,MICROSOFTCORPORATIONTOLAUNCHAWINDOWSAPPLICATIONDEVELOPMENTTOOLISTHEWORLDSMOSTWIDELYUSEDPROGRAMMINGLANGUAGE,ITWASGENERALLYACKNOWLEDGEDTOBETHEMOSTEFFICIENTPROGRAMMINGOFAPROGRAMMINGMETHODWHETHERTHEDEVELOPMENTOFPOWERFUL,RELIABLEPERFORMANCEOFTHEBUSINESSSOFTWARE,ORCANBEPREPAREDTODEALWITHTHEPRACTICALPROBLEMSOFSMALLPRACTICALPROCEDURESVISUALBASIC60ISTHEQUICKEST,MOSTCONVENIENTWAYWHATISVISUALBASIC60“VISUAL“REFERSTOTHEUSEOFVISUALIZATIONOFTHEDEVELOPMENTOFGRAPHICALUSERINTERFACEGUI,GENERALLYDONOTNEEDTOPREPAREALARGENUMBEROFCODEINTERFACEELEMENTSTODESCRIBETHEAPPEARANCEANDLOCATION,ANDASLONGASNECESSARYTODRAGANDDROPCONTROLSONTHESCREENTOTHECORRESPONDINGLOCATIONWILLBE“BASIC“REFERSTOTHEBASICLANGUAGE,VISUALBASIC60ISBECAUSETHEORIGINALBASICLANGUAGEDEVELOPEDONTHEBASISOFTHATSOFARINCLUDESHUNDREDSOFPHRASESFUNCTIONANDKEYWORDS,ANDMANYWINDOWSGUIAREDIRECTLYRELATEDPROFESSIONALSCANUSEVISUALBASIC60TOANYOTHERWINDOWSPROGRAMMINGLANGUAGEFUNCTION,YOUBEGINNERSANDSEVERALKEYWORDSCANESTABLISHPRACTICALAPPLICATIONVISUALBASIC60PROVIDESALEARNINGVERSION,PROFESSIONALEDITIONANDENTERPRISEEDITIONTOMEETTHENEEDSOFDIFFERENTDEVELOPERSLEARNINGVERSIONENABLESPROGRAMMERSTOEASILYDEVELOPWINDOWSANDWINDOWSNTAPPLICATIONSPROFESSIONALEDITIONFORPROFESSIONALPROGRAMMERSTOPROVIDETHECOMPLETEFUNCTIONSOFDEVELOPMENTTOOLSENTERPRISEEDITIONALLOWSPROFESSIONALSTOFORMTHEGROUPTOCREATEASTRONGDISTRIBUTEDAPPLICATIONS1VISUALBASIC60FEATURESCOMPILINGPROCEDURESSUCHASFUNCTIONALINTEGRATIONPROGRAMDEVELOPMENTENVIRONMENTIDE5VISUALBASIC60ADAPTATIONINTHEDEVELOPMENTOFWINDOWSTYPEAPPLICATIONVISUALBASIC60SEQUENCECONTAINSALOTOFFUNCTIONS,ORDERSANDKEYWORDS,MOSTWINDOWSGRAPHICALUSERINTERFACERELATED,PROFESSIONALSCANEASILYUSETHEMTODEVELOPPOWERFULWINDOWSAPPLICATION2VISUALBASIC60COMMONINTERNALCONTROLSCONTROLOPTIONSCANBEDIVIDEDINTOCHECKBOXCONTROLCHECKBOXANDTHERADIOBUTTONSCONTROLOPTIONBUTTONCHECKBOXCONTROL,THEGROUPREVEALEDANUMBEROFOPTIONS,PROVIDEDTHESEOPTIONSTRUE,FALSEORYES,NOOPTION,USERSCANCHOOSEWHICHONEORMOREOPTIONBUTTONCONTROLS,THEUSERCANCHOOSESINGLEGROUPOPTIONBUTTONANDCHECKBOXCONTROLSIMILARFUNCTIONS,HOWEVER,THEYALSOEXISTBETWEENTHOSEIMPORTANTDIFFERENCESTHESAMEGROUPS,MAYALSOSELECTMULTIPLECHECKBOXOPTIONSBUTTHEYCANONLYCHOOSEONEOPTIONBUTTONINFRAME,PICTUREBOXFORMCONTAINERSORUSEBOTHOPTIONSCONTROLS,USERSCANUSEGROUP1RADIOBUTTONSCONTROLOPTIONBUTTONINTHEAPPLICATIONPROCESS,SOMETIMESUSERSNEEDSSUCHACHOICESEVERALOPTIONSWERETHEONLYCHOICESPECIES,ANDMUSTMAKEACHOICESEVERALBECAUSEITISMUTUALLYEXCLUSIVETHEN,ONTHENEEDTOUSEOPTIONBUTTONBUTTONSCONTROLFIGURE1ISAGROUPOFBUTTONSCONTROLS,ITONLYALLOWSUSERSINCHOOSINGADRINK,ANDMUSTELECTIONSPECIESCONTROLBUTTONSAREALWAYSAGROUPINTHEFORMOFINACONTROLGROUP,ONLYONEISALWAYSBUTTONSATSELECTEDSTATEIFSELECTEDBYONEOFTHEMTHEREMAININGBUTTONSWILLAUTOMATICALLYREMOVENONSELECTED2CHECKBOXCONTROLCHECKBOXCHECKBOXCONTROLANDOPTIONBUTTONCONTROLSSOMEWHATSIMILAR,BUTTHEUSEOFAVERYDIFFERENT,CHECKBOXCONTROLSTHATWORKINDEPENDENTLYOFEACHOTHER,ANDTHEYSEPARATEDWITHOUTTHESLIGHTESTRELATIONSHIPOFCHECKSANDBALANCESALL

簡介：天津廣播電視大學(xué)14秋行政管理專業(yè)?？飘厴I(yè)論文管理學(xué)基礎(chǔ)課程綜述姓名學(xué)號分銷專業(yè)指導(dǎo)老師時(shí)間內(nèi)容提要管理作為人類基本的實(shí)踐活動(dòng)之一，無處不在，任何一個(gè)部門或組織的有效運(yùn)行，都需要進(jìn)行管理，日常生活中的任何一個(gè)角落都離不開管理學(xué)的應(yīng)用。本文主要分三個(gè)部分對管理學(xué)基礎(chǔ)課程進(jìn)行綜述首先，闡述管理學(xué)基礎(chǔ)課程的基本內(nèi)容，主要包括管理的含義及性質(zhì)、管理與外部環(huán)境的關(guān)系以及管理的幾大職能與作用。其次，介紹了管理的三大激勵(lì)理論，再結(jié)合我在滴滴打車任客服一職中運(yùn)用激勵(lì)理論的工作報(bào)告。在報(bào)告中我結(jié)合激勵(lì)理論，具體說明了在實(shí)際工作中激勵(lì)理論的具體運(yùn)用。最后，總結(jié)本人對管理學(xué)基礎(chǔ)課程學(xué)習(xí)的心得體會，主要包括管理的重要性和普及性、學(xué)習(xí)管理要學(xué)以致用兩個(gè)方面。關(guān)鍵詞關(guān)鍵詞管理；管理學(xué)；職能；應(yīng)用前言管理是一門科學(xué)性與藝術(shù)性有機(jī)結(jié)合的學(xué)問，對這門學(xué)問的掌握，將使人受益無窮。這是因?yàn)?，不管什么樣的人，只要存在于一定的社會或組織中，那么他不是管理人員，就是被管理的人。研究管理有助于拓展個(gè)人視野和理解力，有益于個(gè)人行為方式和組織運(yùn)作發(fā)展。管理學(xué)是一門系統(tǒng)地研究管理活動(dòng)的普遍規(guī)律、基本原則和一般方法的科學(xué)。管理學(xué)研究的內(nèi)容包括生產(chǎn)力、生產(chǎn)關(guān)系和上層建筑三方面，以心理學(xué)、教育學(xué)、政治學(xué)、經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)、數(shù)學(xué)、計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)等為基礎(chǔ)，吸收和運(yùn)用其相關(guān)研究成果，是一門廣泛吸收多學(xué)科知識的邊緣科學(xué)，同時(shí)又具有很強(qiáng)的實(shí)踐性，屬于應(yīng)用科學(xué)。一、管理學(xué)基礎(chǔ)的課程主要內(nèi)容和基本原理綜述（一）管理的含義及性質(zhì)管理的概念是管理學(xué)中最基本的概念。由于管理活動(dòng)的研究范圍廣泛，研究內(nèi)容復(fù)雜，研究的側(cè)重點(diǎn)不同，故不同時(shí)期的管理學(xué)家對管理的定義也有所不同。當(dāng)然，現(xiàn)代意義的管理活動(dòng)是從企業(yè)管理開始的，大部分管理理論也是有關(guān)于企業(yè)的管理理論?！翱茖W(xué)管理之父”泰勒認(rèn)為，管理就是要“確切地知道要比爾干什么，并注意他們用最好的辦法去干”?！肮芾磉^程之父”法約爾認(rèn)為，“管理就是實(shí)行計(jì)劃、組織、指揮、協(xié)調(diào)和控制”?！敖?jīng)濟(jì)組織決策管理大師”西蒙認(rèn)為，“管理就是決策”?；舻律w茨認(rèn)為，管理就是經(jīng)由他人去完成一定的工作。歸納各種論述，一般認(rèn)為，管理就是管理者為有效地達(dá)到組織目標(biāo)，對組織資源和組織活動(dòng)有意識、有組織、不斷的進(jìn)行的協(xié)調(diào)活動(dòng)。管理具有二重性，即自然屬性和社會屬性，這是馬克思主義的基本觀點(diǎn)。