水利工程畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文翻譯---三峽水利樞紐工程

1、<p>　　The Three Gorges Projects</p><p>　　First. The dam site and basic pivot disposal </p><p>　　The Three Gorges Projects is select to be fixed on San Dou Ping in Yichang, located in about

2、40 kilometers of the upper reaches of key water control project of Ge Zhou Ba which was built. River valley, district of dam site, is widen, slope, the two sidesof the bank is relatively gentlely. In the central plains

3、have one island (island, fort of China,), possess the good phased construction water conservancy diversion condition. The foundation of pivot building is the hard and intact body of grani</p><p>　　Two. Impor

4、tant water conservancy project buildings</p><p><b>　　1. dam </b></p><p>　　The dam is a concrete gravity dam, which is 2309 meters long, it’s height is 185 meters , the dam is 181 met

5、ers high the most. Release floodwater dam section lie riverbed, 483 of the total length, consist of 22 form hole and 23 release floodwater in the deep hole, among them deep hole is imported 90 meters , the mouth size of

6、hole is 7*9 meters; Form hole mouth is 8 meter wide, overflow weir is 158 meters, form hole and deep hole adopt nose bank choose, flow way go on and can disappear. Dam sect</p><p>　　2. power stations </p&

7、gt;<p>　　The power stations adopt the type after the dam to assign the scheme, consist of two groups of factory buildings on left, right and underground factory building altogether. Install 32 sets of hydroelectri

8、c generating set together, 14 factory buildings of left bank among them, 12 factory buildings of right bank, 6 underground factory buildings. The hydraulic turbine, in order to mix the flowing type, the specified capacit

9、y of the unit of the unit is 700,000 kilowatts.</p><p>　　3. open up to navigation building </p><p>　　The open up to navigation buildings include permanent lock and ship lift (of the the technolo

10、gical public relations, the steel cable that plans to be replaced with spiral pole technology in the original plan promotes technology), lie in the left bank. Permanent lock double-line five continuous chain of locks. Si

11、ngle grades of floodgate room effective size for 280*34*5, can pass the 10,000 ton-class fleet. The promoting type for single track first grade vertically of the ship lift is designed, it</p><p>　　Three. The

12、 major project amount and arranges in time limit </p><p>　　The subject building of the project and major project amount of the water conservancy diversion project are: Excavate 102,830,000 cubic meters in cu

13、bic metre of earth and stone, fill out and build 31,980,000 cubic meters in cubic metre of earth and stone, concrete builds 27,940,000 cubic meters, 463,000 tons of reinforcing bars, make and fit 32 with hydroelectric ge

14、nerating set. All project construction tasks were divided into three stages and finished, all time limit was 17 years. The first sta</p><p>　　Four. Enormous benefit of the Three Gorges Projects</p>&l

15、t;p>　　The Three Gorges Projects is the greatest water control project in China ,also in the world , it is the key project in controlling and developing the Changjiang River. The normal water storage level of the Three

16、 Gorges Projects reservoir is 175 meters, installed capacity is 39,300 million cubic meters; The total length of the reservoir is more than 600 kilometers, width is 1.1 kilometers on average; The area of the reservoir is

17、 1084 sq. km.. It has enormous comprehensive benefits such as prevent</p><p>　　1. prevent flood </p><p>　　Primary goal of building the Three Gorges Projects is to prevent flood . The key water c

18、ontrol project in Sanxia is the key project that the midstream and downstream of the Changjiang River prevent flood in the system. Regulated and stored by the reservoir of Sanxia, form the capacity of reservoir in the up

19、per reaches as river type reservoir of 39,300 million cubic meters, can regulate storage capacity and reach 22,150 million cubic meters, can intercept the flood came above of Yichang effective</p><p>　　2. ge

20、nerates electricity</p><p>　　The most direct economic benefits of the Three Gorges Projects is to generate electricity . Equilibrate the contradiction that contemporary China develops economic and serious en

21、ergy shortage at a high speed, the hydroelectric resources that a clean one can be regenerated are undoubtedly optimum choices. The total installed capacity of power station of Sanxia is 18,200,000 kilowatts, annual aver

22、age generation is 84,680 million kilowatt hours. It will offer the reliable, cheap, clean regenerated </p><p>　　Electric power resource that the Three Gorges Projects offers, if given a workforce of electric

23、ity generation by thermal power, mean building 10 more thermal power plants of 1,800,000 kilowatts, excavate more 50 million tons of raw coals every year on average. Besides environment of influencing of the waste residu

24、e, it will also discharge a large number of carbon dioxide which form the global greenhouse effects every year, cause the sulfur dioxide of acid rain, poisonous gas carbon monoxide and </p><p>　　3. shipping

25、</p><p>　　Sanxia reservoir improve Yichang go to Chongqing channel of the Changjiang River of 660 kilometers notably, the 10,000 ton-class fleet can go to the harbour of Chongqing directly. The channel can r

26、ise to 50 million tons from about 10 million tons at present through ability in one-way year, transporting the cost can be reduced by 35-37%. Unless until reservoir regulate, Yichang low water flows minimum seasons downs

27、tream,whose name is can since at present 3000 cubic meters /second improve until 50</p><p>　　Five. The questions in building the Three Gorges Projects</p><p>　　1. silt issue </p><p>

28、;　　the Changjiang River Yichang Duan Nian amount of sand failed 530 million tons, silt the reservoir of Sanxia up. The reservoir blocks water level is 175 meters high, installed capacity is 39,300 million m3 normally,its

29、 die water level is 145 meters, the minimum capacity of a reservoir is 17,200 million m3, storage capacity 22,100 million m3, the conservation storage regulates the capacity of reservoir 16,500 million m3. The operation

30、scheme of the reservoir is: Limit height is 145 meters of water</p><p>　　2. question that the slope comes down by the bank of reservoir area</p><p>　　The question that the slope comes down is th

31、rough detailed geological survey by 2 reservoir area banks, there is several to come down potentially on water bank of Kuku of Sanxia, the big one can be up to millions of m3. But closest to dam site potential landslide,

32、 too far on 26 kilometers, such as happen, come down, shock wave that evoke get dam disappear, reduce 2-3 meters to to be high, it is safe not to influence the dam. In addition, if the slippery wave happens in the bank o

33、f the storehouse</p><p>　　3. engineering question of the pivot</p><p>　　The pivot of Three Gorges is 185 meters high concrete gravity dam pivots and 18,200,000kW, the project amount is large, bu

34、t all regular projects after all, our country has more experience. The stability problem of some foundation can meet the safe requirement through dealing with. 700,000kW hydroelectric generating set, imported from foreig

35、n countries in the first batch, was made by oneself at home later. The more complicated one is lock of five grades of Line two, deep-cut in the rock bank, slo</p><p>　　4.ecological environment problem</p&

36、gt;<p>　　The respect useful to ecological environment of the Three Gorges Projects is: Prevent and cure downstream land and cities and towns to flood, reduce the air pollution of electricity generation by thermal

37、power, improve some climate, the reservoir can breed fish etc.. The respect disadvantageous to ecology is: Flood more than 300,000 mu of cultivated land, ground of fruit is more than 200,000 mu, immigrants reach the high

38、land by the storehouse, will destroy the ecological environment, the still w</p><p>　　Six. Immigrant's question in the reservoir area</p><p>　　The reservoir of Sanxia will flood 632 sq. km.

39、of land area, will involve Chongqing, 20 county (market) of Hubei. The reservoir of Sanxia floods and involves 2 cities, 11 county towns, 116 market towns; Flood or flood 1599 of industrial and mining enterprises that in

40、fluence, reservoir flood line there are 24,500 hectares of cultivated land in all; Flood 824.25 kilometers of highways, 92,200 kilowatts of power stations; The area of house of flooding area is 34,596,000 square meters,

41、total populat</p><p>　　1.exploration and opening of the immigrants in Sanxia</p><p>　　The exploration of an immigrant in Sanxia and open country are in the engineering construction of Sanxia, im

42、plement immigrant's policy of the exploration, relevant people's governments organize and lead immigrants to arrange work, use immigrant's funds in a unified manner, exploit natural resources rationally, base

43、d on agriculture, the agriculture,industry and commerce combine, through many channel, many industries, multi-form, many method find a room for immigrants properly, immigrants' living </p><p>　　2. reorga

44、nization and expansion of the immigrants in Sanxia</p><p>　　The reorganization of immigrants in Sanxia and the expansion immigrants in Sanxia are that one involve undertaking that the society of reservoir a

45、rea reconstruct, resources are recombinated, the recombinating is one of the prominent characteristics of the immigrants in Sanxia, move the fundamental difference duplicated with traditional simple compensation immigran

46、ts, former state too. Implement immigrant's policy of the exploration, must demand to combine immigrants to move, reconfigure the fac</p><p>　　Seven. Investment and benefit question</p><p>　

47、　Invests 90,090 million yuan (1993 price) in investment and the Three Gorges Projects static behavior of benefit question, invests more than about 200 billion yuan dynamically while finishing in project. The investment s

48、ource of the Three Gorges Projects is as follows, state loan, state-run hydropower station each of price of electricity raise the price 0.4-0.7 fen, power station electric rate income of Ge Zhou Ba, the electric rate inc

49、ome after the power station of Sanxia generates electricity w</p><p><b>　　三峽水利樞紐工程</b></p><p>　　一、壩址及基本樞紐布置</p><p>　　三峽工程大壩壩址選定在宜昌市三斗坪，在已建成的葛洲壩水利樞紐上游約40km處。壩址區(qū)河谷開(kāi)闊，兩岸岸坡較

50、平緩，江中原有一小島（中堡島），具備良好的分期施工導(dǎo)流條件。樞紐建筑物基礎(chǔ)為堅(jiān)硬完整的花崗巖體。修建了宜昌至工地長(zhǎng)約28km的專(zhuān)用高速公路及壩下游4公里處的跨江大橋——西陵長(zhǎng)江大橋。還修建了一批壩區(qū)碼頭。壩區(qū)具備良好的交通條件。</p><p><b>　　二、主要水工建筑物</b></p><p><b>　　1.大壩</b></p>

51、;<p>　　攔河大壩為混凝土重力壩，壩長(zhǎng)2309m，壩頂高程185 m，最大壩高181 m。</p><p>　　泄洪壩段位于河床中部，總長(zhǎng)483 m，設(shè)有22個(gè)表孔和23個(gè)泄洪深孔，其中深孔進(jìn)口高程90 m，孔口尺寸為7×9 m；表孔孔口寬8 m，溢流堰頂高程158 m，表孔和深孔均采用鼻坎挑流方式進(jìn)行消能。</p><p>　　電站壩段位于泄洪壩段兩側(cè)，設(shè)有電

52、站進(jìn)水口。進(jìn)水口底板高程為108m。壓力輸水管道為背管式，內(nèi)直徑12.40 m，采用鋼筋混凝土受力結(jié)構(gòu)。</p><p>　　校核洪水時(shí)壩址最大下泄流量102500m3/s。</p><p><b>　　2.水電站</b></p><p>　　水電站采用壩后式布置方案，共設(shè)有左、右兩組廠房和地下廠房。共安裝32臺(tái)水輪發(fā)電機(jī)組，其中左岸廠房14臺(tái)

53、，右岸廠房12臺(tái)，地下廠房6臺(tái)。水輪機(jī)為混流式，機(jī)組單機(jī)額定容量70萬(wàn)千瓦。</p><p><b>　　3.通航建筑物</b></p><p>　　通航建筑物包括永久船閘和升船機(jī)（技術(shù)公關(guān)中，計(jì)劃用螺旋桿技術(shù)取代原計(jì)劃的鋼纜繩提升技術(shù)），均位于左岸。</p><p>　　永久船閘為雙線五級(jí)連續(xù)梯級(jí)船閘。單級(jí)閘室有效尺寸為280×34

54、×5 m（長(zhǎng)×寬×坎上最小水深），可通過(guò)萬(wàn)噸級(jí)船隊(duì)。</p><p>　　升船機(jī)為單線一級(jí)垂直提升式設(shè)計(jì)，承船廂設(shè)計(jì)有效尺寸為120×18×3.5 m，一次可通過(guò)一條3000噸的客貨輪。承船廂設(shè)計(jì)運(yùn)行時(shí)總重量為11800噸，總提升力為6000牛頓。</p><p>　　三、樞紐工程量及工期安排</p><p>　　工

55、程主體建筑物及導(dǎo)流工程的主要工程量為：土石方開(kāi)挖10283萬(wàn)m3,土石方填筑3198萬(wàn)m3，混凝土澆筑2794萬(wàn)m3,鋼筋46.30萬(wàn)噸,水輪發(fā)電機(jī)組制安32臺(tái)套。全部工程施工任務(wù)分三個(gè)階段完成，全部工期為17年。</p><p>　　第一階段（1993-1997年）為施工準(zhǔn)備及一期工程，施工需5年，以實(shí)現(xiàn)大江截流為標(biāo)志。</p><p>　　第二階段（1998-2003年）為二期工程，施

56、工需6年，以實(shí)現(xiàn)水庫(kù)初期蓄水、第一批機(jī)組發(fā)電和永久船閘通航為標(biāo)志。</p><p>　　第三階段（2004-2009年）為三期工程，施工需6年，以實(shí)現(xiàn)全部機(jī)組發(fā)電和樞紐工程全部完建為標(biāo)志。</p><p>　　一、二工程均已如期完成，三期工程也在計(jì)劃內(nèi)施工，升船機(jī)攻關(guān)在緊張進(jìn)行中。</p><p>　　四、三峽工程的巨大效益</p><p>

57、　　三峽工程是中國(guó)、也是世界上最大的水利樞紐工程，是治理和開(kāi)發(fā)長(zhǎng)江的關(guān)鍵性骨干工程。三峽工程水庫(kù)正常蓄水位175m，總庫(kù)容393億m3；水庫(kù)全長(zhǎng)600余公里，平均寬度1.1公里；水庫(kù)面積1084平方公里。它具有防洪、發(fā)電、航運(yùn)等巨大的綜合效益。</p><p><b>　　1.防洪</b></p><p>　　興建三峽工程的首要目標(biāo)是防洪。三峽水利樞紐是長(zhǎng)江中下游防洪

58、體系中的關(guān)鍵性骨干工程。經(jīng)三峽水庫(kù)調(diào)蓄，在上游形成庫(kù)容為393億m3的河道型水庫(kù)，可調(diào)節(jié)防洪庫(kù)容達(dá)221.5億m3，能有效地?cái)r截宜昌以上來(lái)的洪水，大大削減洪峰流量，使荊江河段防洪標(biāo)準(zhǔn)由現(xiàn)在的約十年一遇提高到百年一遇。遇千年一遇的特大洪水，可配合荊江分洪等分蓄洪工程的運(yùn)用，防止荊江河段兩岸發(fā)生干堤潰決的毀滅性災(zāi)害，減輕中下游洪災(zāi)損失和對(duì)武漢市的洪水威脅，并可為洞庭湖區(qū)的治理創(chuàng)造條件。</p><p><b&g

59、t;　　2.發(fā)電</b></p><p>　　三峽工程最直接的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益就是發(fā)電。平衡當(dāng)代中國(guó)高速發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)與嚴(yán)重能源短缺的矛盾，清潔的可以再生的水電資源無(wú)疑是最優(yōu)的選擇。三峽水電站總裝機(jī)容量1820萬(wàn)千瓦，年平均發(fā)電量846.8億千瓦時(shí)。它將為經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)達(dá)、能源不足的華東、華中和華南等地區(qū)提供可靠、廉價(jià)、清潔的可再生能源，對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和減少環(huán)境污染起到重大的作用。</p><p>　　

60、三峽工程所提供的電力資源，如果以火電來(lái)算，就意味著要多修建10座180萬(wàn)千瓦級(jí)的火電廠，平均每年多采掘原煤5000萬(wàn)噸。除廢渣影響環(huán)境外，每年還將排放大量形成全球溫室效應(yīng)的二氧化碳，造成酸雨的二氧化硫，有毒氣體一氧化碳和氮氧化物，還會(huì)產(chǎn)生大量的飄塵、降塵等；火電廠和棄渣場(chǎng)大規(guī)模的占地將從華東、華中這本來(lái)就人多地少的地區(qū)奪去更多的土地。這不僅使中國(guó)今后將承受更大的環(huán)境所帶來(lái)的壓力，也對(duì)全球環(huán)境造成不利的影響。</p><

61、;p><b>　　3.航運(yùn)</b></p><p>　　三峽水庫(kù)將顯著改善宜昌至重慶660公里的長(zhǎng)江航道，萬(wàn)噸級(jí)船隊(duì)可直達(dá)重慶港。航道單向年通過(guò)能力可由現(xiàn)在的約1000萬(wàn)噸提高到5000萬(wàn)噸，運(yùn)輸成本可降低35-37%。經(jīng)水庫(kù)調(diào)節(jié)，宜昌下游枯水季最小流量，可從現(xiàn)在的3000 m3/s提高到5000 m3/s以上，使長(zhǎng)江中下游枯水季航運(yùn)條件也得到較大的改善。</p><

62、;p>　　五、興建三峽工程中的問(wèn)題</p><p><b>　　1.泥沙問(wèn)題</b></p><p>　　長(zhǎng)江宜昌段年輸沙量5.3億噸，將淤塞三峽水庫(kù)。水庫(kù)正常擋水位175m高程，總庫(kù)容393億m3，死水位145m高程，死庫(kù)容172億m3，防洪庫(kù)容221億m3，蓄水調(diào)節(jié)庫(kù)容165億m3。水庫(kù)運(yùn)行方案為：汛期限制水位145m高程，3年一遇洪水56700 m3/s以

63、下不調(diào)洪，經(jīng)泄深孔和水電站暢泄，可減少水庫(kù)沙淤積。來(lái)大洪水，水庫(kù)調(diào)洪，仍下泄56700 m3/s；汛后沖水庫(kù)淤積。九月水庫(kù)開(kāi)始蓄水，約兩個(gè)月到正常蓄水位175m高程。次年汛前庫(kù)水位降至155m高程，利用蓄水發(fā)電。在155m水位，可保持川江航運(yùn)。到汛期，水位又降至145m水位，由于當(dāng)時(shí)流量大，仍可保持川江航運(yùn)。這是創(chuàng)新的水庫(kù)運(yùn)行方案。</p><p>　　2.庫(kù)區(qū)岸邊邊坡滑坡問(wèn)題</p><p&

64、gt;　　經(jīng)詳細(xì)地質(zhì)調(diào)查，三峽水庫(kù)庫(kù)岸有若干潛在滑坡，大的可達(dá)數(shù)百萬(wàn)m3。但是離壩址最近的潛在滑坡，也遠(yuǎn)于26km，如發(fā)生滑坡，激起的沖擊波到壩前消減到2～3m高，不影響大壩安全。此外，庫(kù)岸如發(fā)生滑波，由于水庫(kù)寬深，不會(huì)影響航運(yùn)。</p><p>　　3.樞紐工程技術(shù)問(wèn)題</p><p>　　三峽樞紐185m高混凝土重力壩和1820萬(wàn)kW?h發(fā)電廠房，工程量大，但畢竟都是常規(guī)工程，我國(guó)有較

65、多經(jīng)驗(yàn)。局部地基穩(wěn)定問(wèn)題經(jīng)過(guò)處理，能滿(mǎn)足安全要求。70萬(wàn)kW水輪發(fā)電機(jī)組，首批從國(guó)外進(jìn)口，后來(lái)由國(guó)內(nèi)自制。較復(fù)雜的是兩線五級(jí)船閘，在巖岸內(nèi)深挖，最高邊坡達(dá)170m，下部閘室垂直60m，高巖坡穩(wěn)定性是擔(dān)心的。但工程師和施工人員的精心研究設(shè)計(jì)、爆破和錨固、開(kāi)挖，巖坡長(zhǎng)期穩(wěn)定。還有3000t客輪的升船機(jī)，是世界上最大的，正在設(shè)計(jì)研究中，并先修試驗(yàn)用升船機(jī)。</p><p><b>　　4.生態(tài)環(huán)境問(wèn)題<

66、/b></p><p>　　修建三峽工程對(duì)生態(tài)環(huán)境有利方面為：防治下游土地和城鎮(zhèn)淹沒(méi)，減少火電空氣污染，改善局部氣候，水庫(kù)可養(yǎng)魚(yú)等。對(duì)生態(tài)不利方面為：淹沒(méi)耕地30余萬(wàn)畝，果地20余萬(wàn)畝，移民到庫(kù)邊高地，將破壞生態(tài)環(huán)境，水庫(kù)靜水減弱污水自?xún)裟芰?，惡化水質(zhì)，影響野生動(dòng)物的繁殖等。所以有利有弊，不妨礙修建三峽工程。應(yīng)該把不利減少到最低程度，主要是水庫(kù)移民要植樹(shù)種草，修建梯田，保護(hù)生態(tài)環(huán)境，不要求糧食自給。做到這些

67、，要化大力氣和資金?？刂浦貞c、涪陵、萬(wàn)縣等城市排污，進(jìn)行污水處理，保護(hù)水庫(kù)水質(zhì)，保護(hù)野生動(dòng)物，設(shè)立保護(hù)區(qū)。保護(hù)生態(tài)環(huán)境雖有難度，但必須解決也可以解決。至于三峽風(fēng)景，由于巖岸高近千米，而三峽壩只高出原來(lái)江面110m。風(fēng)景基本依舊，高峽出平湖，更增加了秀麗。</p><p><b>　　六、庫(kù)區(qū)移民問(wèn)題</b></p><p>　　三峽水庫(kù)將淹沒(méi)陸地面積632平方公里，涉

68、及重慶市、湖北省的20個(gè)縣（市）。三峽水庫(kù)淹沒(méi)涉及城市2座、縣城11座、集鎮(zhèn)116個(gè)；受淹沒(méi)或淹沒(méi)影響的工礦企業(yè)1599家，水庫(kù)淹沒(méi)線以下共有耕地2.45萬(wàn)公頃；淹沒(méi)公路824.25公里，水電站9.22萬(wàn)千瓦；淹沒(méi)區(qū)房屋面積為3459.6萬(wàn)平方米，淹沒(méi)區(qū)居住的總?cè)丝跒?4.41萬(wàn)人（其中農(nóng)業(yè)人口36.15萬(wàn)人）?？紤]到建設(shè)期間內(nèi)的人口增長(zhǎng)和二次搬遷等其它因素，三峽水庫(kù)移民安置的動(dòng)態(tài)總?cè)丝趯⑦_(dá)到113萬(wàn)人。任務(wù)艱巨，但必須要安置好移民，使

69、其生活有所改善，并幫助移民創(chuàng)造生產(chǎn)條件，經(jīng)過(guò)20年艱苦奮斗，富裕起來(lái)。多數(shù)移民退至高地，一部分移民到外地。三峽水庫(kù)將淹沒(méi)陸地面積632平方公里，涉及重慶市、湖北省的20個(gè)縣（市）。三峽水庫(kù)淹沒(méi)涉及城市2座、縣城11座、集鎮(zhèn)116個(gè)；受淹沒(méi)或淹沒(méi)影響的工礦企業(yè)1599家，水庫(kù)淹沒(méi)線以下共有耕地（含柑桔地）2.45萬(wàn)公頃；淹沒(méi)公路824.25公里，水電站9.22萬(wàn)千瓦；淹沒(méi)區(qū)房屋面積為3459.6萬(wàn)平方米，淹沒(méi)區(qū)居住的總?cè)丝跒?4.41萬(wàn)人

70、（其中農(nóng)業(yè)人口36.15萬(wàn)人）?？紤]到建設(shè)期間內(nèi)的人口增長(zhǎng)和二次搬遷等其它因素，</p><p>　　1.三峽移民的開(kāi)發(fā)性和開(kāi)放性</p><p>　　國(guó)家在三峽工程建設(shè)中，實(shí)行開(kāi)發(fā)性移民方針，由有關(guān)人民政府組織領(lǐng)導(dǎo)移民安置工作，統(tǒng)籌使用移民經(jīng)費(fèi)，合理開(kāi)發(fā)資源，以農(nóng)業(yè)為基礎(chǔ)、農(nóng)工商結(jié)合，通過(guò)多渠道、多產(chǎn)業(yè)、多形式、多方法妥善安置移民，移民的生活水平達(dá)到或者超過(guò)原有水平，并為三峽庫(kù)區(qū)長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)的經(jīng)

71、濟(jì)發(fā)展和移民生活水平的提高創(chuàng)造條件。開(kāi)發(fā)性移民方針，是我國(guó)水庫(kù)移民的一項(xiàng)重大改革。這一方針，是在總結(jié)新中國(guó)建立以來(lái)移民工作的經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)和三峽庫(kù)區(qū)八年移民試點(diǎn)的基礎(chǔ)上提出來(lái)的。三峽水庫(kù)移民一開(kāi)始，就貫徹了開(kāi)發(fā)性移民的方針政策，堅(jiān)持國(guó)家扶持、政策優(yōu)惠、各方支援、自力更生的原則，由政府出面，有計(jì)劃地開(kāi)發(fā)本地資源，拓展安置容量，并幫助提供配套服務(wù)，廣辟生產(chǎn)生活門(mén)路，使之達(dá)到“搬得出，穩(wěn)得住，逐步能致富”的目標(biāo)。同時(shí)，國(guó)家批準(zhǔn)三峽庫(kù)區(qū)為“三峽經(jīng)濟(jì)開(kāi)

72、放區(qū)”，享受沿海地區(qū)對(duì)外開(kāi)放的某些特殊政策，并號(hào)召發(fā)達(dá)省、市對(duì)口支援三峽移民，把移民企業(yè)和相關(guān)生產(chǎn)要素推向了更為廣闊的大市場(chǎng)。三峽庫(kù)區(qū)各級(jí)政府也出臺(tái)了一些開(kāi)展對(duì)口支援、招商引資的優(yōu)惠措施。庫(kù)區(qū)移民呈現(xiàn)出了以開(kāi)放促開(kāi)發(fā)、以開(kāi)發(fā)促安置的良性局面。</p><p>　　2.三峽移民的重組性和擴(kuò)張性</p><p>　　三峽移民是一項(xiàng)涉及庫(kù)區(qū)社會(huì)重構(gòu)、資源重組的事業(yè)，重組性是三峽移民的顯著特征之一

73、，也是與傳統(tǒng)的單純補(bǔ)償性移民、原樣搬遷復(fù)制的根本區(qū)別。實(shí)行開(kāi)發(fā)性移民方針，必然要求結(jié)合移民搬遷，對(duì)生產(chǎn)要素進(jìn)行重新組合，從而提高資源的配置效率，形成新的生產(chǎn)力。所謂擴(kuò)張，既是規(guī)模的拓展，更是結(jié)構(gòu)的改善，功能的強(qiáng)化和質(zhì)量的提高。用發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的觀點(diǎn)看，實(shí)施開(kāi)發(fā)性移民的過(guò)程，就是庫(kù)區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)擴(kuò)張的過(guò)程。開(kāi)發(fā)性移民從實(shí)施擴(kuò)張開(kāi)始，到實(shí)現(xiàn)擴(kuò)張為止，整個(gè)移民搬遷和重建家園的過(guò)程貫穿著經(jīng)濟(jì)的擴(kuò)張，充滿(mǎn)著對(duì)未來(lái)擴(kuò)張的向往。當(dāng)然，在實(shí)際運(yùn)作中，要注重一切從移

74、民實(shí)際出發(fā)，堅(jiān)持理性擴(kuò)張。</p><p><b>　　七、投資和效益問(wèn)題</b></p><p>　　三峽工程靜態(tài)投資900.9億元（1993年物價(jià)），工程完成時(shí)動(dòng)態(tài)投資約2000余億元。三峽工程投資來(lái)源有：國(guó)家貸款，國(guó)有電站電價(jià)每千瓦時(shí)加價(jià)0.4～0.7分錢(qián)，葛洲壩水電站電費(fèi)收入，三峽水電站發(fā)電后的電費(fèi)收入等，國(guó)家是有此財(cái)力保證投資到位的。</p>