外文翻譯---瀝青路面的病害與維護(hù)

1、<p><b>　　附錄一 中文文獻(xiàn)</b></p><p>　　瀝青路面的病害與維護(hù)</p><p>　　1、瀝青路面早期病害的表現(xiàn)特征和成因</p><p>　　高速公路瀝青路面早期病害主要表現(xiàn)特征：局部沉降、縱橫向裂縫、車轍、坑槽、面層松散、功能性破壞。這六種病害形成主要是下面四個(gè)成因：</p><p>

2、　　1.1 瀝青混凝土的水穩(wěn)性從設(shè)計(jì)到施工未能得到有效控制。水在路面中表現(xiàn)形式：空隙水、層間水、深層滲水。水對(duì)路面的損害：</p><p>　　a.高溫動(dòng)水壓力對(duì)瀝青有剝離作用造成路面松散；</p><p>　　b.層間水使瀝青路面各層分開改變路面的受力狀況，路面在動(dòng)荷載的作用下彎拉應(yīng)力成幾何級(jí)數(shù)的增加；</p><p>　　c.水的沖刷破壞路面材料結(jié)構(gòu)；</

3、p><p>　　d.滲水是路基不均勻沉降的主要原因。</p><p>　　1.2 瀝青混凝土的熱穩(wěn)性受多種因素的影響。主要是a.油石比；b.級(jí)配；c.攤鋪的均勻性。特別應(yīng)注意的是粉料不宜太多，粉膠比（礦粉比瀝青）宜控制在1.0～1.2之間。</p><p>　　1.3 路基、路面強(qiáng)度達(dá)不到設(shè)計(jì)要求。造成這種現(xiàn)象主要是因?yàn)樵谑┕ぶ匈|(zhì)量控制不嚴(yán)格，一些小問(wèn)題并未得到妥善的處

4、理。</p><p>　　1.4 初期養(yǎng)護(hù)不及時(shí)、不到位。</p><p>　　2、早期病害專項(xiàng)治理和日常維修界限劃分</p><p>　　2.1 瀝青路面早期病害專項(xiàng)治理范圍的認(rèn)定：</p><p>　?、?病害分為形成、發(fā)展和破壞三個(gè)階段，后兩個(gè)階段的病害應(yīng)列入專項(xiàng)治理；</p><p>　?、?病害確定的依據(jù)：以

5、表觀特征初步確定范圍，以沉降值、彎沉、平整度核定病害程度；鉆孔取芯分析病害層次和處理深度，并確定專項(xiàng)治理方案；</p><p><b>　?、?范圍：</b></p><p>　　a.沉降病害的處理路段：調(diào)坡長(zhǎng)度不小于30m、10m內(nèi)落差大于3cm、存在明顯跳車感地段；</p><p>　　b.其他病害，處理長(zhǎng)度為：病害長(zhǎng)度不小于10m的過(guò)渡段

6、，在100m范圍修補(bǔ)量超15％、每公里范圍內(nèi)修補(bǔ)面積超過(guò)30％，且分散的路段，應(yīng)整段修復(fù)；</p><p>　　c.處理寬度：可考慮一個(gè)車道、1／4幅、1／2幅三種形式；</p><p>　　d.處理層次：壞到什么層次，處理到什么層次。</p><p>　　2.2 瀝青路面維修以預(yù)防為主，出現(xiàn)下列狀況要列入預(yù)防性維修：</p><p>　　①

7、 局部露出跑砂點(diǎn)，面積在10m2以內(nèi)，由于瀝青剝離，細(xì)集料跑出，表面呈蜂窩狀。</p><p>　?、?局部沉降點(diǎn)，縱橫方向1m范圍內(nèi)沉降超過(guò)2cm、行車出現(xiàn)明顯跳動(dòng)。</p><p>　?、?唧漿點(diǎn)，路面龜裂、網(wǎng)裂，水滲透到基層，出現(xiàn)基層沖刷唧漿。</p><p>　?、?路面出現(xiàn)推移、擁包、車轍點(diǎn)，由于路面的水穩(wěn)性和熱穩(wěn)性差，導(dǎo)致路面上面層出現(xiàn)局部縱向推移形成搓

8、板、橫向推移出現(xiàn)車轍。推移、擁包或車轍長(zhǎng)度在10m范圍內(nèi)的點(diǎn)。</p><p>　?、?橫向縫、縱向縫，柔、剛結(jié)合部（如橋頭搭板接頭）等處裂縫出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)臺(tái)，錯(cuò)臺(tái)高差大于5mm的點(diǎn)。</p><p>　　3、路面維修作業(yè)類別</p><p>　　3.1 涂膠防水：路面出現(xiàn)網(wǎng)裂，沒(méi)有明顯變形，也未出現(xiàn)唧漿，擬采用修補(bǔ)膠薄薄涂一層，防止水的滲透。</p><

9、;p>　　3.2 裂縫灌熱瀝青，防止水的滲漏：路面出現(xiàn)裂縫但未出現(xiàn)明顯錯(cuò)臺(tái)（在5mm以內(nèi)），也無(wú)啃邊現(xiàn)象，可采用灌熱瀝青的辦法作防水處理。</p><p>　　3.3 熱烘、摻料、補(bǔ)強(qiáng)：經(jīng)過(guò)考證屬瀝青面層上面層的病害，如龜裂、蜂窩1～2cm以內(nèi)車轍等路面變形不嚴(yán)重的點(diǎn)，可采用修路王熱烘，適當(dāng)添加新料，人工攪拌均勻，壓實(shí)補(bǔ)強(qiáng)?？荚嚧?lt;/p><p>　　3.4 挖補(bǔ)分層填筑：路面病害已

10、經(jīng)波及到中下面層，乃至基層，必須挖除，分層填筑。</p><p>　　4、瀝青路面修補(bǔ)作業(yè)操作要領(lǐng)</p><p>　　4.1 熱瀝青灌縫修補(bǔ)工藝。清縫（用吹風(fēng)機(jī)和鐵鉤清除縫中雜物）→以加溫到130℃以上熱瀝青（有良好的流動(dòng)性）用灌縫機(jī)依次緩慢向縫中灌注，直到飽滿為止→待瀝青冷卻但在可塑狀態(tài)時(shí)（約60℃左右），用鐵鏟鏟除表面多余瀝青，以防污染路面。</p><p>

11、　　4.2 瀝青路面上面層熱補(bǔ)操作工藝流程。劃定修補(bǔ)范圍→熱烘有病害路面使溫度達(dá)到100℃以上（表面鐵鏟能鏟動(dòng)）→用鐵耙將有病害路面表面耙松并鏟除表面大集料→添加新料→梳拌均勻→碾壓密實(shí)→冷卻到地表溫度在50℃以下、腳踩不軟時(shí)放行交通。</p><p>　　4.3 挖補(bǔ)工藝流程。劃定維修范圍→沿范圍四周鋸縫→鑿除病害層→清除廢料→高壓吹風(fēng)機(jī)將修補(bǔ)界面吹凈→灑粘層油布滿界面→分層填筑（厚度不大于6cm）→分層壓實(shí)，

12、壓實(shí)度要在95％以上→用冷補(bǔ)膠涂四周接縫以防水→冷卻到50℃以下時(shí)放行。</p><p>　　5、瀝青路面維修技術(shù)要求</p><p>　　5.1 維修范圍確定：</p><p>　　① 表觀確定的病害面積四周擴(kuò)大10～15cm.</p><p>　?、?用3m直尺檢查大于5mm的點(diǎn)應(yīng)在修補(bǔ)范圍內(nèi)。</p><p>　

13、　③ 范圍四周線要橫平豎直，與標(biāo)線成垂直和平行狀。</p><p>　　5.2 修補(bǔ)床面要干凈、無(wú)雜物和浮灰、無(wú)松動(dòng)的集料，床底無(wú)龜裂和唧泥、滲水現(xiàn)象。出現(xiàn)潮濕床面時(shí)要烘干才能進(jìn)行下道工序。</p><p>　　5.3 病害修補(bǔ)中的防水措施：</p><p>　?、?四周接縫要布滿粘層油但不流動(dòng)。</p><p>　　② 多層次修補(bǔ)要形成臺(tái)階

14、，臺(tái)階寬度大于10cm.</p><p>　?、?四周接縫面層涂冷補(bǔ)膠。</p><p>　?、?四周接縫填料略高一點(diǎn)，加大震壓遍數(shù)，提高四周填料的密度。</p><p>　　⑤ 修補(bǔ)表面不出現(xiàn)集料離析現(xiàn)象。</p><p>　　5.4 修補(bǔ)平整度的控制：</p><p>　?、?分層填筑時(shí)中下面層厚度可以適當(dāng)調(diào)整，上

15、面層宜在4cm厚，松鋪系數(shù)1.16～1.2.</p><p>　　② 有病害處兩個(gè)坑塘相距不足1m時(shí)，上面層連通形成一個(gè)修補(bǔ)面。</p><p>　?、?四周接口縱橫向3m直尺檢查要小于5mm才能保證接口平順。</p><p>　?、?用較細(xì)的集料填邊，先壓邊逐次向中間推進(jìn)。</p><p>　?、?壓實(shí)度是保證平整度的先決條件，補(bǔ)料溫度不得

16、低于120℃，修補(bǔ)時(shí)開口面積要保證每層壓實(shí)機(jī)具都能下去正常工作，采用夯錘、夯板、小型壓路機(jī)聯(lián)合作業(yè)，碾壓5～6遍，確保每層的壓實(shí)度。</p><p>　　6、瀝青路面病害維修質(zhì)量的檢測(cè)</p><p>　　6.1 修補(bǔ)平整度用3m直尺在修補(bǔ)結(jié)束后進(jìn)行檢查，平整度不大于5mm. </p><p>　　6.2 修補(bǔ)壓實(shí)度。每10天抽查一次，用核子密實(shí)度儀等快速法測(cè)定當(dāng)旬

17、修補(bǔ)面積的15～20％，修補(bǔ)壓實(shí)度不小于95％。</p><p>　　6.3 返修率，每季檢查一次，每年度作一次綜合評(píng)價(jià)：返修率不得超過(guò)5％。</p><p>　　7、路面評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)的探討路面評(píng)價(jià)筆者認(rèn)為應(yīng)從以下四個(gè)方面著手</p><p>　　(1) 路面強(qiáng)度—彎沉檢測(cè)，超出設(shè)計(jì)允許值10％的要引起重視，超過(guò)20％～30％的路面就有破壞征象。</p>

18、<p>　　(2) 車轍深度檢測(cè)：車轍深度在0.8cm以下的對(duì)行車不會(huì)造成不舒適，在0.8～1.0cm之間的為形成階段；1.0～2.0cm的為病害發(fā)展階段；2.0cm以上的為破壞階段。</p><p>　　(3) 抗滑性能檢測(cè)：摩擦系數(shù)＜ 55，構(gòu)造深度 ＜ 45時(shí)，有可能危及行車安全。</p><p>　　(5) 路面病害面積占車道面積的百分率調(diào)查：當(dāng)大于20％時(shí)，路面美觀程度

19、和行車舒適程度將嚴(yán)重下降。以上四個(gè)指標(biāo)目前缺乏定量的系統(tǒng)分析，我們將在以后的工作中收集有關(guān)資料，建立科學(xué)的路面養(yǎng)護(hù)監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)。</p><p><b>　　附錄二： 英文文獻(xiàn)</b></p><p>　　The disease and maintenance of Asphalt pavement</p><p>　　1.Asphalt pave

20、ment performance characteristics and the early disease.</p><p>　　Highway asphalt pavement main features: the disease early settlement, the vertical and horizontal cracks locally, rutting, pit slot, facing th

21、e loose, functional damage. The six major disease is the following four causes:</p><p>　　1.1 Asphalt concrete water stability from design to construction failed to effectively control. Water in the pavement

22、performance forms: gap between layers of water, water, deep water. Water automobi damage:</p><p>　　A. High temperature, the hydrodynamic pressure on asphalt pavement is caused by stripping effect; loose,<

23、/p><p>　　B. Asphalt pavement layer water layers separated, the change in the dynamic load surface under the flexural stress into geometric increase,</p><p>　　C. Water erosion damage road structure,

24、</p><p>　　D. Water seepage is uneven settlement of roadbed.</p><p>　　1.2 The thermal stability of asphalt concrete is influenced by many factors. </p><p>　　Major is A). oil-stone ra

25、tio, B). gradation, C) .the uniformity of paving. Special attention is powder shoulds not be too much, powder (mineral) should be controlled in asphalt than 1.0 ~ 1.2.</p><p>　　1.3 Subgrade pavement design d

26、emand.these strength. This phenomenon mainly because in construction quality control, a few problems are not properly handling.</p><p>　　1.4 Initial maintenance.</p><p>　　2. Early disease manage

27、ment and daily maintenance boundaries</p><p>　　2.1 Asphalt pavement early disease management scope of:</p><p>　　(1) The formation, development and disease is divided into three stages, after the

28、 destruction of the two stages of disease should be included in the special treatment,</p><p>　　(2) The basis to determine the disease apparent feature: to determine the initial sedimentation value and defle

29、ction, flatness, verification diseases, Drilling core analysis hierarchy and depth, disease and special control scheme,</p><p>　　(3) scope:</p><p>　　A. Settlement diseases sections: slope length

30、 less than 30, more than 3cm, fall within the 10m jumping exists obvious sense location,</p><p>　　B. Other diseases, the length of treatment for the disease length less than 10m: the scope of 100m in transit

31、ion section, the amount exceeds 15%, repair per kilometer range covers more than 30%, and repair the road shall be scattered; the period of repair,</p><p>　　C. Can consider to handle a lane width, 1/4 and 1

32、1/2 of three kinds of forms,</p><p>　　D. Processing level: what bad, processing to what level.</p><p>　　2.2 Asphalt pavement maintenance prevention, to include in the following preventive mainte

33、nance:</p><p>　　(1) Local show ran sand, 10 square meters within the area in asphalt, because, fine aggregate ran out of a honeycomb, surface.</p><p>　　(2) Points, and vertical and horizontal di

34、rection of local settlement 1-m scope, more than 2cm subsidence appears obvious.</p><p>　　(3) Its pulp, pavement (chap, nets, water permeate, grass-roots flushing piping grass-roots slurry.</p><p&

35、gt;　　(4) Pavement, rutting, hold, because the water stability and thermal stability, cause local road top layer of longitudinal and transverse goes on CuoBan formation appeared rut. Hold on, bag or rut length in 10m with

36、in the scope of the point.</p><p>　　(5)Horizontal seam, longitudinal seam 5, soft, just taking (such as bridge by plate joint) and cracks, fault fault than 5mm point machine elevation.</p><p>　　

37、3.Pavement maintenance operations</p><p>　　3.1 Gelatinize waterproof: pavement nets, without apparent deformation, also did not appear piping, is used to repair glue, thin scumble to prevent water penetratio

38、n.</p><p>　　3.2 Cracks, prevent heat asphalt filling water leakage crack: but not visible in the wrong (5mm), also can be used to eating and heat asphalt way for irrigation water treatment.</p><p&

39、gt;　　3.3 Hot baked, admixtures and textual research of asphalt layer after layer of diseases, such as above chap, honeycomb 1 ~ 2cm within such pavement deformation no serious rut, can use the king, proper baking hot roa

40、d, adding new artificial vege, compaction. Exam big</p><p>　　3.4 Dig layered rock: pavement surface, has brought it to lower levels, and disadvantage, layered rock must be.</p><p>　　4.Asphalt pa

41、vement repair operations</p><p>　　4.1 Hot filling seam repairing process of asphalt. Qing seam (with blower and hook cleared the slot with heat and sundry) to 130 degrees Celsius above heat asphalt (good) in

42、 order to slow filling machine, until full slit, so for asphalt cooling but in plastic state (60 degrees Celsius), with the spade, in case of asphalt surface of eradicating excess pollution.</p><p>　　4.2 Asp

43、halt surface ReBu operation process. Repair and hot baked delimit limits have disease that temperature reached 100 degrees road surface above (dynamic), can the spade spade in TieBa will harrow loose and road surface dis

44、eases and eradicate surface add new material feeding county, comb. Mix well and was expounded and cooling to surface temperature at 50 ° c and under foot not soft release traffic.</p><p>　　4.3 Dig proce

45、ss. The scope of maintenance, delimit limits round sawing seam, except disease layer and cut waste removal, high-pressure blower blew clean and repair interface will sprinkle with adhesive layer of oil layer thickness an

46、d filling the interface (less than) - 6cm stratified compaction, compaction degree in 95% with cold, with waterproof glue tu around juncture, cooling to 50 ° c below.</p><p>　　5.Asphalt pavement mainten

47、ance and technical requirements</p><p>　　5.1 Maintenance scope:</p><p>　　(1) The apparent determine around 10-15cm area expanded.</p><p>　　(2) Use 3m straightedge check point should

48、 be greater than 5mm in repairing range.</p><p>　　(3) Scope to the flat vertical line around, and HangZhuang peace into vertical lines.</p><p>　　5.2 To clean the surface of bed repair, without s

49、undry and float ash, no looseness of aggregate, bed is cracked mud and water piping and phenomenon. Appear when the surface of bed to dry wet to next procedure.</p><p>　　5.3 The repairing waterproof measure:

50、</p><p>　　(1) To stick around juncture is oily, but not flow.</p><p>　　(2) Steps, to form a multi-level repair 10cm wider than steps.</p><p>　　(3) Joint surface besmear cold around.

51、</p><p>　　(4) Around seam filling a shock, increase the number of times, increase pressure of packing density around.</p><p>　　(5) Don't appear repair surface aggregate segregation phenomeno

52、n.</p><p>　　5.4.Repair flatness control: </p><p>　　(1)when filling the lower surface layer thickness can be adjusted, it should be in the thick layer 4cm, loose spread coefficient 116 ~ 120.<

53、/p><p>　　(2) KengTang apart two sick harm, insufficient 1-m above layer connected to form a repair.</p><p>　　(3) To interface around 3m straightedge check to ensure smooth than 5mm to interface.<

54、;/p><p>　　(4) With fine aggregate, first in advance to the middle pressure successive.</p><p>　　(5) Degree of compaction degree is the precondition for and shall not be less than 120 degrees Celsiu

55、s temperature, repair to ensure open area of each layer of compaction machine can continue normal work, using rammer, ram plate, small roller compaction joint work, 5 ~ 6 times, ensuring that each layer of the compaction

56、 degree.</p><p>　　6.The quality of the asphalt pavement maintenance. Diseases</p><p>　　6.1 Repair flatness use 3m straightedge after repair in check, roughness is not more than 5mm. </p>

57、<p>　　6.2 Repair compaction degree. Once every 10 days, with a nuclear density spot such as rapid determination of ten-day repair 15-20%, repair the compaction degree not less than 95%.</p><p>　　7.Pavem

58、ent evaluation index of evaluation of the road that from the following four aspects:</p><p>　　1 Pavement -- deflection testing, the intensity of the design value beyond attention to 10%, 20% ~ 30% of the pav

59、ement is destroyed.</p><p>　　2 Rut depth detection: rut depth in 0.8 cm for driving under will not cause discomfort, in 0.8 ~ 1.0 cm for the formation of stage, 1.0 ~ 2.0 development stages of cm disease, 2

60、cm above for destruction.</p><p>　　3 Sliding resistance properties testing: friction coefficient, depth of < < 55 45, may endanger the safety.</p><p>　　4 Pavement area percentage of invest

61、igation: driveway area more than 20%, the road when driving comfort levels with beautiful degree will be serious decline. The above four indexes of quantitative analysis of the current system, we will be in the later wor