外文文獻(xiàn)及翻譯--我國第三方物流中存在的問題、原因及戰(zhàn)略選擇

1、<p><b>　　大連海事大學(xué)</b></p><p>　　畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文文獻(xiàn)及翻譯</p><p>　　專業(yè)班級：交通運(yùn)輸（外貿(mào)方向）</p><p>　　姓 名： 付欏雅</p><p>　　指導(dǎo)教師： 楊永志</p><p>　　China's thi

2、rd-party logistics problems, causes and strategic choice</p><p><b>　　Xiong Wei</b></p><p><b>　　Abstract:</b></p><p>　　China's logistics industry has just

3、 started; third-party logistics and other aspects of the theory and practice are relatively weak. The paper points out the problems of the Third Party Logistics is the gap between domestic and international third party l

4、ogistics, logistics efficiency is not high, the lack of systematic management, and logistics platform to build lag behind the concept of logistics management, and so on. Analyzed the causes of such problems arising and p

5、roposed lean logistics, s</p><p>　　Keywords: Third party logistics; lean logistics strategy; value chain alliances; virtualization strategy</p><p>　　1. Introduction</p><p>　　For a l

6、ong time, China's domestic enterprises procurement, transportation, warehousing, agents, packaging, processing, distribution and other aspects of control is not strong, in the "Procurement black hole", &quo

7、t;Logistics trap" in the waste is difficult to calculate losses. Therefore, third-party logistics research, the overall effectiveness in promoting the improvement of China's economy has a very important theoreti

8、cal and practical significance. This article attempts to my policy of three logis</p><p>　　2 Third party logistics industry in China's major problems</p><p>　　(A) The national policy of thre

9、e logistics companies and foreign big gap between third-party logistics companies, specifically in the following areas:</p><p>　　1, Economies of scale and capital gap significantly. Because third-party logis

10、tics companies large foreign strategic departure from the global business, its advantages of scale and capital is no doubt, especially start-up period of three logistics policy I, its very small size, strong capital that

11、 foreign giants China enterprises to shame.</p><p>　　2, I state policy of the logistics enterprises provide three logistics service level and quality control rather than foreign counterparts. When some domes

12、tic enterprise is still in logistics interpreted as "trucks, add warehouse logistics enterprises abroad already completed a series of standardized transformation. Meanwhile, foreign logistics organizational ability

13、so powerful, Germany, for example, a third-party logistics company, all aspects of logistics experts across all over Europe. If the</p><p>　　3, China's accession to WTO, lower the threshold of the logist

14、ics industry. The logistics service industry: our commitment to all of the services sector, after a reasonable transition period, to cancel most of the foreign equity limit does not restrict access to Foreign Service pro

15、viders the current market, do not restrict all the service sectors and the existing market access activities. The secondary distribution services while also making a similar commitment. These restrictions will be phase&l

16、t;/p><p>　　China's accession to WTO, lower the threshold of the logistics industry. The logistics service industry: our commitment to all of the services sector, after a reasonable transition period, to can

17、cel most of the foreign equity limit does not restrict access to Foreign Service providers the current market, do not restrict all the service sectors and the existing market access activities. The secondary distribution

18、 services while also making a similar commitment. These restrictions will be phased o</p><p>　　(B) Serious waste of resources, third party logistics efficiency is not high. From the microscopic point of view

19、, due to the impact of the planned economy, a long time many enterprises, especially state-owned enterprises to go the "large", "small" route, they have their own warehouse, fleet, and even ocean-goin

20、g vessels team, resulting in wasting a lot of the logistics process, the specific performance of the idle warehouse, logistics decentralized operation, the low level of organization, trans</p><p>　　(C) The l

21、ack of systematic management, equipment standardization is low. Most of the current third-party logistics enterprises in China under the traditional system based on materials circulation enterprises developed, the servic

22、e mainly stay in the storage, transportation, lack of systematic management, logistics, low efficiency, lack of effective third party logistics functions Play. In addition, the fragmentation of China's logistics sect

23、or, making the link in the transportation logistics and</p><p>　　(D) third-party logistics platform to build lag, lower degree of information technology. Third-party logistics and distribution platforms, inc

24、luding physical network and information network, physical network refers to the logistics facilities, transportation, transportation hubs in the geographical location of the rational distribution and the formation of phy

25、sical network; information networks that use third-party logistics business and information technology, Information resources to their cha</p><p>　　(E) The concept of logistics management of domestic enterpr

26、ises is still very backward, which greatly restricts the development of third party logistics. For example: Some companies believe that inventory information is confidential business information must be managed by the en

27、terprises themselves, the class of business activities while outsourcing the management concept difficult to accept, often resulting in control of their own poor management of logistics, business competition in the marke

28、t</p><p>　　3 Causes of problems analysis</p><p>　　(A) Lack of modern logistics management knowledge and expertise of logistics personnel. This is the third-party logistics industry in restrictin

29、g the development of China's most important one of the bottlenecks. Logistics knowledge, especially in modern integrated third party logistics knowledge is far from being universal, but that its main business areas i

30、s to provide transportation and warehousing services, not know that it is new to these traditional business integration of its business fiel</p><p>　　(B) Fails to effectively use modern technology. This situ

31、ation has greatly restricted the cultivation of third-party logistics companies, affecting their overall competitive strength increased. China's accession to the WTO, domestic enterprises will face third-party logist

32、ics strong competition from abroad, the domestic third-party logistics industry is difficult to provide low-cost, high quality and efficient service.</p><p>　　(C) subject to the constraints of traditional ma

33、nagement systems. Fragmentation in the traditional institutional arrangements, third party logistics activities have been separated from many different sectors such as transportation, post and telecommunications, foreign

34、 trade, domestic trade and only involves the transport industry to the Ministry of Railways, Ministry of Communications, etc. Some departments, the lack of efficient collaboration between departments, resulting in the tr

35、ansport proc</p><p>　　4 The third party logistics enterprise strategic choice</p><p>　　Summarized the latest of several foreign logistics theory and the development of third-party logistics with

36、 the current practice of foreign, third-party logistics firm's strategic choice to have the following three:</p><p>　　Leans Logistics Strategy     Since the lag theory and practice o

37、f logistics, our most extensive third-party Logistics Company or business, it cannot accurately position their logistics services. If you do not reverse this situation as soon as possible, will be third-party logistics i

38、ndustry in China have restricted role. Lean production theory of logistics for our third-party logistics company provides new development ideas for these enterprises to survive in the new economy and development opp</

39、p><p>　　In short, Lean Logistics, as new management ideas, bound to have a third-party logistics enterprises in China have far-reaching impact, it will change the appearance of the extensive third party logisti

40、cs management concept, the formation of third party logistics Core competitiveness.</p><p>　　the establishment of small and medium third party logistics value chain alliance    Third-par

41、ty logistics enterprises of small and medium cannot be independent because of their one-stop logistics services to provide full shortcomings, and because the small size of assets, services, not wide area so that small an

42、d medium enterprises in China's logistics third party logistics industry at a disadvantage. Therefore, third party logistics for small and medium enterprises, starting from their own res</p><p>　　Large t

43、hird-party logistics enterprise virtualization of strategy     Rapid development in IT and the Internet era, companies cannot fight alone singles, but must be in the competition and collaboration, in

44、 cooperation and development. Thus, under modern conditions resulting from modern large-scale virtualized development of third-party logistics has a strong necessity. Large third-party logistics enterprise virtualization

45、 is the logistics management resources of others who will have "all", thr</p><p>　　我國第三方物流中存在的問題、原因及戰(zhàn)略選擇</p><p><b>　　熊 衛(wèi)</b></p><p><b>　　【摘要】 </b>&

46、lt;/p><p>　　我國物流業(yè)發(fā)展剛剛起步，第三方物流的理論和實(shí)踐等方面都比較薄弱。本文指出我國第三方物流存在的問題在于國內(nèi)外第三方物流企業(yè)差距、物流效率不高、缺乏系統(tǒng)性管理、物流平臺構(gòu)筑滯后、物流管理觀念落后等。分析了產(chǎn)生上述問題的原因，并提出了精益物流、中小型第三方物流企業(yè)價(jià)值鏈聯(lián)盟、大型第三方物流企業(yè)虛擬化戰(zhàn)略等三種可供選擇的第三方物流企業(yè)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略?！娟P(guān)鍵詞】</p><p>　　

47、第三方物流；精益物流戰(zhàn)略；價(jià)值鏈聯(lián)盟；虛擬化戰(zhàn)略</p><p><b>　　1 引 言</b></p><p>　　長期以來，我國國內(nèi)企業(yè)對采購、運(yùn)輸、倉儲(chǔ)、代理、包裝、加工、配送等環(huán)節(jié)控制能力不強(qiáng)，在“采購黑洞”、“物流陷阱”中造成的損失浪費(fèi)難以計(jì)算。因此，對第三方物流的研究，對于促進(jìn)我國經(jīng)濟(jì)整體效益的提高有著非常重要的理論和實(shí)踐意義。本文試圖對我國策三方物流存在

48、的問題及原因進(jìn)行分析探討，并提出第三方物流幾種可行的戰(zhàn)略選擇。</p><p>　　2 我國第三方物流業(yè)存在的主要問題</p><p>　　(一)我國策三方物流企業(yè)與國外第三方物流企業(yè)的差距較大，具體表現(xiàn)在以下幾個(gè)方面：  1、規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)及資本差距明顯。由于國外的大型第三方物流企業(yè)從全球經(jīng)營的戰(zhàn)略出發(fā)，其規(guī)模和資本優(yōu)勢是毫無疑問的，尤其初創(chuàng)時(shí)期的我國策三方物流業(yè)，本身的

49、規(guī)模就很小，國外巨頭雄厚的資本令國內(nèi)企業(yè)相形見絀。  2、我國策三方物流業(yè)企業(yè)提供的物流服務(wù)水準(zhǔn)及質(zhì)量控制遠(yuǎn)不如國外同行。當(dāng)國內(nèi)一些企業(yè)還在把物流理解成卡車加倉庫的時(shí)候，國外的物流企業(yè)早已完成了一系列標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的改造。同時(shí)，國外的物流組織能力非常強(qiáng)大，例如德國一家第三方物流公司，公司各方面的物流專家遍布?xì)W洲各地。如果有客戶的貨物需要經(jīng)達(dá)不同的國家，那么歐洲各地的這些專家就在網(wǎng)上設(shè)計(jì)出一個(gè)最佳的物流解決方案。這種提供解決

50、方案的能力就是這第三方物流公司的核心能力，而不像國內(nèi)公司號稱擁有多少條船，多少輛車。  3、我國加入WTO后物流產(chǎn)業(yè)的門檻降低。在物流服務(wù)業(yè)方面：我國承諾所有的服務(wù)行業(yè)，在經(jīng)過合理過渡期后，取消大部分外國股權(quán)限制，不限制外國服務(wù)供應(yīng)商進(jìn)入目前的市場，不限制所有服務(wù)行業(yè)的現(xiàn)有市場準(zhǔn)入和活動(dòng)。同時(shí)在輔助分銷的服務(wù)方面也做出了類似的承諾。這些方面的限</p><p>　　在物流服務(wù)業(yè)方面：我國承諾

51、所有的服務(wù)行業(yè)，在經(jīng)過合理過渡期后，取消大部分外國股權(quán)限制，不限制外國服務(wù)供應(yīng)商進(jìn)入目前的市場，不限制所有服務(wù)行業(yè)的現(xiàn)有市場準(zhǔn)入和活動(dòng)。同時(shí)在輔助分銷的服務(wù)方面也做出了類似的承諾。這些方面的限制將在以后3—4年內(nèi)逐步取消，在此期間，國外的服務(wù)供應(yīng)商可以建立百分之百的全資擁有的分支機(jī)構(gòu)或經(jīng)營機(jī)構(gòu)，國內(nèi)物流服務(wù)業(yè)將直面國際競爭。  (二)資源浪費(fèi)嚴(yán)重，第三方物流效率不高。從微觀上看，由于受計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)體制的影響，長期以來許

52、多企業(yè)，尤其是國有企業(yè)走的是“大而全”、“小而全”的路子，它們擁有自己的倉庫、車隊(duì)、甚至遠(yuǎn)洋船隊(duì)，造成物流過程的大量浪費(fèi)，具體表現(xiàn)為倉庫的閑置，物流業(yè)經(jīng)營分散，組織化程度低，橫向聯(lián)合薄弱。而能夠提供一體化、現(xiàn)代化、專業(yè)化、準(zhǔn)時(shí)化、高效服務(wù)的第三方物流企業(yè)則很少。從宏觀上看第三方物流未能跟上經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的步伐形成產(chǎn)業(yè)化經(jīng)營的模式，而僅僅是同交通運(yùn)輸、郵電通訊、商業(yè)物資、對外貿(mào)易等行業(yè)的綜合與協(xié)作。而能夠提供一體化、現(xiàn)代化、專業(yè)化、準(zhǔn)時(shí)化、高效

53、服務(wù)的第三方物流企業(yè)則很少。從宏觀上看第三方物流未能跟上經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的步伐形成產(chǎn)業(yè)化經(jīng)營的模式，而僅僅是同交通運(yùn)輸、郵</p><p>　　3 產(chǎn)生問題的原因分析</p><p>　　(一)缺乏現(xiàn)代化物流知識和專業(yè)物流管理人才。這一點(diǎn)是目前制約中國第三方物流業(yè)發(fā)展的最主要的瓶頸之一。物流知識，尤其是現(xiàn)代綜合的第三方物流知識遠(yuǎn)未得到普及，只是知道它的主要的業(yè)務(wù)領(lǐng)域是提供運(yùn)輸和倉儲(chǔ)服務(wù)，而不知道它

54、是對這些傳統(tǒng)業(yè)務(wù)的新的整合，其業(yè)務(wù)領(lǐng)域也遠(yuǎn)過單純的運(yùn)輸和倉儲(chǔ)而成為連接原料、半成品供應(yīng)、生產(chǎn)過程中物料流動(dòng)、成品配送的全過程的服務(wù)，成為涵蓋商流、實(shí)物流、資金流、信息流等于系統(tǒng)的綜合體系。  (二)未能有效利用現(xiàn)代科技手段。這種現(xiàn)狀極大地制約了第三方物流企業(yè)的培育，影響了企業(yè)綜合競爭實(shí)力的提高。中國加入世貿(mào)組織，國內(nèi)第三方物流企業(yè)將面臨來自國外的強(qiáng)有力的競爭，國內(nèi)第三方物流業(yè)很難提供低成本、高質(zhì)量、高效率的服務(wù)。&

55、#160;   </p><p>　　(三)受到傳統(tǒng)管理體制的制約。在傳統(tǒng)的條塊分割的體制安排下，第三方物流的許多活動(dòng)被割裂至各個(gè)不同部門，如交通運(yùn)輸、郵電通訊、對外貿(mào)易、國內(nèi)貿(mào)易等，僅運(yùn)輸業(yè)就牽涉到鐵道部、交通部等若干部門，部門之間缺乏高效協(xié)作，致使運(yùn)輸過程中各運(yùn)輸方式的轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)環(huán)節(jié)耗費(fèi)大量時(shí)間和成本，成為物流過程中的“陷阱”。此外還有海關(guān)管理程序、物資采購等方面的一些規(guī)定也影響了物流

56、企業(yè)綜合服務(wù)水平的提高和業(yè)務(wù)領(lǐng)域的拓展，進(jìn)而制約了第三方物流產(chǎn)業(yè)的快速發(fā)展。</p><p>　　4 第三方物流企業(yè)的戰(zhàn)略選擇</p><p>　　歸納國外幾種最新的物流理論，并結(jié)合當(dāng)前國外第三方物流發(fā)展實(shí)踐，第三方物流企業(yè)的戰(zhàn)略選擇可以有以下三種：  (一)精益物流戰(zhàn)略  由于物流理論和實(shí)踐的滯后，我國大部分第三方物流企業(yè)還是粗放式經(jīng)營，還不能

57、準(zhǔn)確定位自己的物流服務(wù)。如果不盡快扭轉(zhuǎn)這一局面，將對我國第三方物流業(yè)的發(fā)展產(chǎn)生制約作用。精益物流理論的產(chǎn)生，為我國的第三方物流企業(yè)提供了一種新的發(fā)展思路，為這些企業(yè)在新經(jīng)濟(jì)中生存和發(fā)展提供了機(jī)遇。精益物流起源于精益制造的概念。它產(chǎn)生于日本豐田汽車公司在上世紀(jì)70年代所獨(dú)創(chuàng)的“豐田生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)”，后經(jīng)美國麻省理工學(xué)院教授研究和總結(jié)，正式發(fā)表在1990年出版的《改變世界的機(jī)器一書中。精益思想是指運(yùn)用多種現(xiàn)代管理方法和手段，以社會(huì)需求為依據(jù)，以充

58、分發(fā)揮人的作用為根本，有效配置和合理使用企業(yè)資源，最大限度地為企業(yè)謀求經(jīng)濟(jì)效益的一種新型的經(jīng)營管理理念。精益物流則是精益思想在物流管理中的應(yīng)用，是物流發(fā)展中的必然反映。所謂精益物流是指：通過消除生產(chǎn)和供應(yīng)過程中的非增值的浪費(fèi)，以減少備貨時(shí)間，提高客戶滿意度。精益物流的目標(biāo)在于根據(jù)顧客需求，提供顧客滿意的物流服務(wù)，同時(shí)追求把提供物流服務(wù)過程中的浪費(fèi)和延遲降</p><p>　　所謂精益物流是指：通過消除生產(chǎn)和供應(yīng)過

59、程中的非增值的浪費(fèi)，以減少備貨時(shí)間，提高客戶滿意度。精益物流的目標(biāo)在于根據(jù)顧客需求，提供顧客滿意的物流服務(wù)，同時(shí)追求把提供物流服務(wù)過程中的浪費(fèi)和延遲降至最低程度，不斷提高物流服務(wù)過程的增值效益。精益物流系統(tǒng)的特點(diǎn)在于它是高質(zhì)量、低成本、不斷完善、由顧客需求拉動(dòng)型的物流系統(tǒng)。它要求樹立顧客第一的思想、準(zhǔn)時(shí)、準(zhǔn)確、快速地傳遞物流和信息流。  總之，精益物流作為一種全新的管理思想，勢必會(huì)對我國的第三方物流企業(yè)產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)的影

60、響，它的出現(xiàn)將改變第三方物流企業(yè)的粗放式的管理觀念，形成第三方物流企業(yè)的核心競爭力。(二)建立中小型第三方物流企業(yè)的價(jià)值鏈聯(lián)盟  中小型的第三方物流企業(yè)由于本身不能獨(dú)立提供全程一站式物流服務(wù)的缺點(diǎn)，同時(shí)由于資產(chǎn)規(guī)模小、服務(wù)地域不寬使中小型第三方物流企業(yè)在我國物流業(yè)中處于劣勢。因此對于中小型第三方物流企業(yè)來說，從企業(yè)自身資源出發(fā)，構(gòu)造各自的核心競爭力才是關(guān)鍵。由于中小型第三方物流企業(yè)功能的單一與不完備，因此建立在各

61、自的核心競爭力基礎(chǔ)上構(gòu)造的物流業(yè)務(wù)的合作是一種有效彌補(bǔ)企業(yè)能力缺陷，構(gòu)成物流競爭優(yōu)勢的可行方法。價(jià)值鏈?zhǔn)遣捎孟到y(tǒng)方法來考察</p><p>　　第三方物流企業(yè)一般不存在商品生產(chǎn)過程，只有流通環(huán)節(jié)的再加工過程，不占主要環(huán)節(jié)，廣泛的第三方物流企業(yè)的基本作業(yè)活動(dòng)因而變成存儲(chǔ)、運(yùn)輸、包裝、配送、客戶服務(wù)及市場等環(huán)節(jié)?；咀鳂I(yè)活動(dòng)的各環(huán)節(jié)，由于企業(yè)自身資源和能力的有限，不可能在每一個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)中都占有優(yōu)勢，這種在某些價(jià)值鏈環(huán)節(jié)方

62、面的不足，造成了企業(yè)整體物流機(jī)能的不完備，缺乏相應(yīng)的競爭力，使某些具有相對優(yōu)勢的價(jià)值鏈環(huán)節(jié)也因整體的不足而發(fā)揮不出應(yīng)有的功效。所以物流產(chǎn)業(yè)內(nèi)的中小型第三方物流企業(yè)聯(lián)盟，應(yīng)該是建立在彼此之間價(jià)值鏈基礎(chǔ)上的互補(bǔ)性合作，充分利用專業(yè)性物流公司的專業(yè)化物流機(jī)能和物流代理企業(yè)的組織協(xié)調(diào)的柔性化綜合物流能力的互補(bǔ)性。對于中小型第三方物流企業(yè)來說，應(yīng)該從企業(yè)價(jià)值鏈的優(yōu)勢環(huán)節(jié)入手，發(fā)掘并形成企業(yè)的核心競爭力，通過價(jià)值鏈的重構(gòu)來揚(yáng)長避短。