外文翻譯--技術(shù)創(chuàng)新是提升中國(guó)出口產(chǎn)品競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的關(guān)鍵因素

1、<p>　　中文2275字，1556單詞</p><p><b>　　原文 </b></p><p>　　The Technological Innovation Is a Key Factor of Improving the Competitiveness of the China’s Export Product</p><p>

2、;　　Material Source: Proceedings of 2004 International Conference on Innovation&Management Author: Pang Yantao </p><p>　　The thesis studied the competitive power of the Chinese product by a combined utili

3、zation of quantitative and qualitative methods on the base of analyzing the relation of the scientific and technical progress and competitive power of Chinese product is low content of the science and technology. The aut

4、hor raised the way of increasing the competitive power of Chinese product on the international market. </p><p>　　Technological innovation impact on competitiveness of the products. </p><p>　　It

5、has already become compatriots’ common understanding that science and technology is the primary productive force. The programmed during the State’s Tenth Five-Year Plan Period of our country regards scientific and techno

6、logical progress and reform and opening-up as the motive force of economic and social development of our country. At the beginning of a New Millennium, the central authorities held the conference of the national award fo

7、r science and technology again, which indicated that our </p><p>　　The international competitiveness of export product is mainly determined by the relative price with trading partners, the advantage of the p

8、roducts and marketing advantage etc, and these all interrelate with the scientific and technical innovation in varying degrees. </p><p>　　The relative price advantage means that the exports product cost of a

9、 country is lower than its rival’s competition. It is decided by factor endowment and service efficiency mainly besides influencing by one country’s macroscopically exchange rate policy and the service efficiency of fact

10、or endowment depends on the improvement degree of the production technology mainly. The production technology includes the means of production and production technology directly correlated with production cost o</p>

11、;<p>　　The advantage of products means export product can meet consumers’ demand better than their trade relevant product of rival. It includes all respects that influence the useful value of the products, such as

12、 quality, performance, appearance design of the products etc. the technological innovation influences the advantage of the products and the competitive power through the improvement of old products quality and new produc

13、ts development. The improvement of old products quality is shown as the op</p><p>　　Marketing advantage refers to the favorable environment and channel for sale by various kinds of marketing before not selli

14、ng, in selling and after sale. It is the important means to realize the value of the products and explore the world market. In the field of marketing, the technological innovation influences the marketing advantage of th

15、e products through the trade means, after-sale service, etc. The modern means of trade, convenient and swift, after-sale service put in place in time, and th</p><p>　　By the look of world commerce situation,

16、 in nearly half a century, the volume of trade of the goods of the world keeps increasing continuously, but the development trend of all kinds of products are different. The fastest-rising in trade is the office goods an

17、d telecom equipment, including information technology products, such as computer, machinery, telecom equipment, etc. Secondly it is automobile products, clothing, chemicals, fabrics, etc. Comparatively speaking, the clot

18、hing and fabrics bel</p><p>　　The important reason of low competitiveness of our products is that the technological contents are low </p><p>　　It is seen from the above, labor-intensive products

19、 have already lost their competition advantage progressively, and the competition advantage of the technology-intensive products has not taken shape yet. This proves that engineering level of the export commodities of ou

20、r country and added value is lower. For a long time, the contribution degree of technological progress in the economic growth of our country is obviously on the low level. One of the outstanding behaviors is that the pro

21、ducts com</p><p>　　Looking on the primary product and manufactured goods trade situation, according to materials of “China’s Foreign Trade yearbook” in recent years, the international competitiveness of the

22、primary product trends towards the decline in the export commodities of our country, and turn from comparative advantage into the comparative inferior position, and the international competitiveness of the manufactured g

23、oods trends towards rising, but only have a low comparative advantage. This proves that comp</p><p>　　Give full play to the scientific and technical role in inherent key element of the Products, and improve

24、the scientific and technological content of the products </p><p>　　The key improving the market competitiveness of the Chinese products lies in inherent elements, such as product quality, function, price, et

25、c. According to preceding paragraphs, these inherent key elements influence the competitiveness by various kinds of the improvement of science, the rising of production efficiency, reducing of the operating cost of the p

26、roduction technology, etc. So, the improvement of the competitiveness of the products depends on the technological innovation after all. Fir</p><p><b>　　譯文 </b></p><p>　　技術(shù)創(chuàng)新是提升

27、中國(guó)出口產(chǎn)品競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的關(guān)鍵因素 </p><p>　　資料來源:2004 年國(guó)際創(chuàng)新與管理會(huì)議 作者:龐閆濤 </p><p>　　本文在分析科學(xué)技術(shù)進(jìn)步與中國(guó)產(chǎn)品競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力不滿足于科技之間的關(guān)系的 基礎(chǔ)上通過利用量化組合和量化方法研究了中國(guó)產(chǎn)品的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。作者提出了提升 中國(guó)產(chǎn)品在國(guó)際市場(chǎng)上的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的方法。 </p><p>　　科技創(chuàng)新影響產(chǎn)

28、品的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力 </p><p>　　科學(xué)技術(shù)是第一生產(chǎn)力已經(jīng)成為共識(shí)。在我國(guó)“十五”期間把科學(xué)技術(shù) 進(jìn)步和改革開放作為我國(guó)社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的動(dòng)力。在一個(gè)新千年的起點(diǎn),中央舉 行會(huì)議再次為科學(xué)技術(shù)頒發(fā)國(guó)家獎(jiǎng)勵(lì),這表明了我國(guó)政府高度重視科學(xué)技術(shù)創(chuàng)新 在經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)建設(shè)和國(guó)家綜合國(guó)力上的作用。隨著中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)與國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)的整合,將 會(huì)為我國(guó)的企業(yè)提供更多開放的市場(chǎng)環(huán)境,更多的國(guó)際市場(chǎng)機(jī)遇,增加與國(guó)外企 業(yè)的聯(lián)系度,學(xué)會(huì)尋求海外企業(yè)競(jìng)

29、爭(zhēng)中生存之法,尋求在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中的發(fā)展。同時(shí),中 國(guó)產(chǎn)品也會(huì)面對(duì)嚴(yán)峻的壓力和挑戰(zhàn)。因?yàn)橐恍╆P(guān)稅和非關(guān)稅保護(hù)傘的減少,許多 外國(guó)產(chǎn)品進(jìn)軍中國(guó)市場(chǎng)。中國(guó)不成熟的產(chǎn)業(yè)比如通訊,計(jì)算機(jī),網(wǎng)絡(luò),汽車,醫(yī)藥, 金融等等不僅沒有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力而且其影響很大。勞動(dòng)力密集產(chǎn)業(yè),如紡織服裝,輕工業(yè), 承攬工程等,他們都是相對(duì)發(fā)展成熟的產(chǎn)業(yè),具有一定的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì),但是如果這些 企業(yè)仍然追尋老方法即出口的產(chǎn)品附加值低且技術(shù)含量低,在質(zhì)量管理的水平上 沒有新的突破,那么他們也將

30、會(huì)失去他們?cè)趪?guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中的優(yōu)勢(shì)。因此,依靠科學(xué)技 術(shù)的創(chuàng)新來提高產(chǎn)品的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力是必須的,因?yàn)榭沙掷m(xù)發(fā)展是中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的戰(zhàn)略。 </p><p>　　出口產(chǎn)品的國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力主要取決于貿(mào)易伙伴之間的相對(duì)價(jià)格,產(chǎn)品的優(yōu) 勢(shì)和市場(chǎng)的優(yōu)勢(shì)等等,并且這些都與科學(xué)技術(shù)創(chuàng)新有著廣泛地聯(lián)系。 </p><p>　　相對(duì)價(jià)格優(yōu)勢(shì)意味著一個(gè)國(guó)家的出口產(chǎn)品成本低于其競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手。他主要 由除了影響一個(gè)國(guó)家宏觀匯率政策外的資

31、助與服務(wù)效率因素所決定的,并且服務(wù) 效率因素主要取決于生產(chǎn)技術(shù)的改善程度。生產(chǎn)技術(shù)包括生產(chǎn)資料和與生產(chǎn)技術(shù) 直接相關(guān)的產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)成本,與技術(shù)相關(guān)的投入成本因素和商品操作成本,他們 影響了產(chǎn)品的直接成本,然后影響了產(chǎn)品成本。因此,提升此類的科技可以加強(qiáng)出 口產(chǎn)品的價(jià)格競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。 </p><p>　　產(chǎn)品優(yōu)勢(shì)也就是出口的產(chǎn)品比他們的貿(mào)易相關(guān)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)產(chǎn)品更能滿足消費(fèi) 者的需求。它包括所有影響產(chǎn)品實(shí)用價(jià)值的各個(gè)方面,如質(zhì)量

32、,性能,產(chǎn)品的外觀 設(shè)計(jì)等。技術(shù)創(chuàng)新通過改善老產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量和發(fā)展新產(chǎn)品影響了產(chǎn)品的優(yōu)勢(shì)和產(chǎn)品 的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。老產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量的提高主要表現(xiàn)為優(yōu)化固有的性能,改進(jìn)外形和穩(wěn)定產(chǎn)品 質(zhì)量。這是一個(gè)提升出口國(guó)家非價(jià)格競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的重要因素。與此同時(shí),技術(shù)創(chuàng)新可 以不斷開發(fā)新產(chǎn)品,創(chuàng)造新的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)點(diǎn),并形成新的出口競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)。這在一個(gè)不 斷發(fā)展和穩(wěn)定出口貿(mào)易的國(guó)家是個(gè)重要條件。 </p><p>　　市場(chǎng)優(yōu)勢(shì)指的是產(chǎn)品在各種市場(chǎng)中未銷售之前,

33、銷售中以及售后所建立 的有利的環(huán)境和銷售渠道。這是實(shí)現(xiàn)產(chǎn)品的價(jià)值和探索世界市場(chǎng)的重要方式。在 市場(chǎng)領(lǐng)域中,技術(shù)創(chuàng)新通過貿(mào)易方式,售后服務(wù)等影響了產(chǎn)品市場(chǎng)的優(yōu)勢(shì)。現(xiàn)代的貿(mào)易方式,方便快捷,售后服務(wù)及時(shí)和良好的服務(wù)水平,然后給更多的消費(fèi)者提供 方便,也使消費(fèi)者更長(zhǎng)久的相信這個(gè)產(chǎn)品。這在銷售渠道暢通,探索世界市場(chǎng)中起 著重要的作用。 </p><p>　　從世界貿(mào)易情況來看,在近半個(gè)世紀(jì)以來,世界商品的貿(mào)易量保持持續(xù)地

34、 增長(zhǎng),但是所有產(chǎn)品的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)是不同的。在貿(mào)易中增長(zhǎng)速度最快的是官方商品 和通訊設(shè)備,包括信息技術(shù)產(chǎn)品,如電腦,機(jī)械,通訊設(shè)備等。第二個(gè)增長(zhǎng)速度最大的是汽車產(chǎn)品,服裝,醫(yī)藥,面料等。相比較而言,服裝和面料屬于勞動(dòng)密集型產(chǎn)業(yè), 他們的技術(shù)含量低于技術(shù)密集型產(chǎn)業(yè),例如汽車,機(jī)械,交通設(shè)備,化工等,服裝和 面料的國(guó)際成交額低于技術(shù)密集型產(chǎn)品,這是世界貿(mào)易的主要發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。自從 1990 年以來,從美國(guó)《財(cái)富榜》上的世界500 強(qiáng)企業(yè)中可以清楚地

35、看到傳統(tǒng)經(jīng)濟(jì) 在發(fā)展,尤其是信息產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展,在最近幾年間,被越來越多的世界500 強(qiáng)企業(yè)所 證實(shí)。這些充分反映全球經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的軌道,也充分證明了科技已經(jīng)成為影響產(chǎn)品 競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的決定性因素。 </p><p>　　我們的產(chǎn)品競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力弱的重要原因是由于技術(shù)含量低 </p><p>　　從以上可以看出,勞動(dòng)密集型產(chǎn)業(yè)已經(jīng)失去了他們保持前進(jìn)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì), 而技術(shù)密集型產(chǎn)業(yè)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)也還沒形成。這表明我國(guó)的

36、出口商品的技術(shù)水平和 產(chǎn)品附加值很低。很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間以來,技術(shù)進(jìn)步對(duì)我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的貢獻(xiàn)度明顯是 很低的。其中最引人注目的是對(duì)外貿(mào)易產(chǎn)品競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的低下。自從20 世紀(jì)80 年代以來,世界技術(shù)進(jìn)步對(duì)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的貢獻(xiàn)度已經(jīng)到了 60%-80%,而中國(guó) 只有46%。在我國(guó)的對(duì)外貿(mào)易產(chǎn)品中,以具有高技術(shù),高附加值的電子產(chǎn)品為代表 的制成品為例,在近幾年中,約占所有出口中的 35%,這不僅僅低于發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的 47%,而且大大低于世界42%的平均水

37、平?，F(xiàn)在西方經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家?guī)缀跻恢抡J(rèn)為科技創(chuàng) 新是促使對(duì)外貿(mào)易增長(zhǎng)的原動(dòng)力,而且發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的政府沿著“科技進(jìn)步會(huì)促進(jìn)對(duì) 外貿(mào)易的增長(zhǎng)和加強(qiáng)綜合國(guó)力的提升”的思想繼續(xù)走下去。所以,我們要把科技 創(chuàng)新放在重要的位子上,從而促進(jìn)產(chǎn)品競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的快速發(fā)展。 </p><p>　　充分發(fā)揮科學(xué)技術(shù)在產(chǎn)品固有的關(guān)鍵元素和科技含量中的作用 </p><p>　　提高中國(guó)產(chǎn)品的市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的關(guān)鍵是固有元素,例如產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量

38、,性能,價(jià)格 等。根據(jù)前面所說的,這些固有元素通過多種多樣的科學(xué)的進(jìn)步,生產(chǎn)效率的提高, 生產(chǎn)技術(shù)的操作成本的降低等來影響競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。所以,追根究底,產(chǎn)品競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的提高 依靠科技的創(chuàng)新。首先,利用高、新科技改造傳統(tǒng)的貨物,例如紡織,服裝,工藝品等。我們可以提升生產(chǎn)技術(shù)和傳統(tǒng)商品的科技含量,從而滿足人們?nèi)找嬖鲩L(zhǎng)的產(chǎn)品需求。我們也應(yīng)該努力的在世界上創(chuàng)造著名的品牌,加強(qiáng)傳統(tǒng)商品的市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。其次,本著揚(yáng)長(zhǎng)避短的原則,在中國(guó)科技領(lǐng)域的優(yōu)勢(shì)方面,比如信