模具的發(fā)展趨勢外文翻譯

1、<p><b>　　12.外文翻譯</b></p><p>　　1. The mold designing and manufacturing</p><p>　　The mold is the manufacturing industry important craft foundation, in our country, the mold manufa

2、cture belongs to the special purpose equipment manufacturing industry. China although very already starts to make the mold and the use mold, but long-term has not formed the industry. Straight stabs 0 centuries 80's

3、later periods, the Chinese mold industry only then drives into the development speedway. Recent years, not only the state-owned mold enterprise had the very big development, the three in</p><p>　　Although th

4、e Chinese mold industrial development rapid, but compares with the demand, obviously falls short of demand, its main gap concentrates precisely to, large-scale, is complex, the long life mold domain. As a result of in as

5、pect and so on mold precision, life, manufacture cycle and productivity, China and the international average horizontal and the developed country still had a bigger disparity, therefore, needed massively to import the mo

6、ld every year .</p><p>　　The Chinese mold industry must continue to sharpen the productivity, from now on will have emphatically to the profession internal structure adjustment and the state-of-art enhanceme

7、nt. The structure adjustment aspect, mainly is the enterprise structure to the specialized adjustment, the product structure to center the upscale mold development, to the import and export structure improvement, center

8、the upscale automobile cover mold forming analysis and the structure improvement, the multi-purpos</p><p>　　The recent years, the mold profession structure adjustment and the organizational reform step enlar

9、ges, mainly displayed in, large-scale, precise, was complex, the long life, center the upscale mold and the mold standard letter development speed is higher than the common mold product; The plastic mold and the compress

10、ion casting mold proportion increases; Specialized mold factory quantity and its productivity increase; "The three investments" and the private enterprise develops rapidly; The join</p><p><b>

11、;　　1.模具設(shè)計與制造</b></p><p>　　模具是制造業(yè)的重要工藝基礎(chǔ)，在我國模具制造屬于專用設(shè)備制造業(yè)。中國雖然很早就開始制造模具和使用模具，但長期未形成產(chǎn)業(yè)。直到20世紀(jì)80年代后期，中國模具工業(yè)才駛?cè)氚l(fā)展的快車道。近年，不僅國有模具企業(yè)有了很大發(fā)展，三資企業(yè)、鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)（個體）模具企業(yè)的發(fā)展也相當(dāng)迅速。 雖然中國模具工業(yè)發(fā)展迅速，但與需求相比，顯然供不應(yīng)求，其主要缺口集中于精密、大

12、型、復(fù)雜、長壽命模具領(lǐng)域。由于在模具精度、壽命、制造周期及生產(chǎn)能力等方面，中國與國際平均水平和發(fā)達國家仍有較大差距，因此，每年需要大量進口模具。 中國模具產(chǎn)業(yè)除了要繼續(xù)提高生產(chǎn)能力，今后更要著重于行業(yè)內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)的調(diào)整和技術(shù)發(fā)展水平的提高。結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整方面，主要是企業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)向?qū)I(yè)化調(diào)整，產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)向著中高檔模具發(fā)展，向進出口結(jié)構(gòu)的改進，中高檔汽車覆蓋件模具成形分析及結(jié)構(gòu)改進、多功能復(fù)合模具和復(fù)合加工及激光技術(shù)在模具設(shè)計制造上的應(yīng)用、高速切

13、削、超精加工及拋光技術(shù)、信息化方向發(fā)展。 近年，模具行業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整和體制改革步伐加大，主要表現(xiàn)在，大型、精密、復(fù)雜、長壽命、中高檔模具及模具標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件發(fā)展速度高于一般模具產(chǎn)品；塑料模和壓鑄模比例增大；專業(yè)模</p><p>　　2. Mold Present Status of Technology</p><p>　　Technical level of China’s mold i

14、ndustry currently uneven, with wide disparities generally speaking, with the developed industrial countries, Hong Kong and Taiwan advanced level, there is a large gap. </p><p>　　The use of CAD / CAM / CAE

15、/ CAPP and other technical design and manufacture molds, either wide application, or technical level, there is a big gap between both. In the application of CAD technology design molds, only about 10% of the mold used i

16、n the design of CAD, aside from drawing board still has a long way to go; in the application of CAE design and analysis of mold calculation, it was just started, most of the game is still in trial stages and animation; i

17、n the application of CAM technolo</p><p>　　2.我國模具的結(jié)構(gòu)現(xiàn)狀</p><p>　　工業(yè)目前技術(shù)水平參差不齊，懸殊較大。從總體上來講，與發(fā)達工業(yè)國家及港臺地區(qū)先進水平相比，還有較大的差距。</p><p>　　在采用CAD/CAM/CAE/CAPP等技術(shù)設(shè)計與制造模具方面，無論是應(yīng)用的廣泛性，還是技術(shù)水平上都存在很大的

18、差距。在應(yīng)用CAD技術(shù)設(shè)計模具方面，僅有約10%的模具在設(shè)計中采用了CAD，距拋開繪圖板還有漫長的一段路要走；在應(yīng)用CAE進行模具方案設(shè)計和分析計算方面，也才剛剛起步，大多還處于試用和動畫游戲階段；在應(yīng)用CAM技術(shù)制造模具方面，一是缺乏先進適用的制造裝備，二是現(xiàn)有的工藝設(shè)備（包括近10多年來引進的先進設(shè)備）或因計算機制式（IBM微機及其兼容機、HP工作站等）不同，或因字節(jié)差異、運算速度差異、抗電磁干擾能力差異等，聯(lián)網(wǎng)率較低，只有5%左右

19、的模具制造設(shè)備近年來才開展這項工作；在應(yīng)用CAPP技術(shù)進行工藝規(guī)劃方面，基本上處于空白狀態(tài)，需要進行大量的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化基礎(chǔ)工作；在模具共性工藝技術(shù)，如模具快速成型技術(shù)、拋光技術(shù)、電鑄成型技術(shù)、表面處理技術(shù)等方面的CAD/CAM技術(shù)應(yīng)用在我國才剛起步。計算機輔助技術(shù)的軟件開發(fā)，尚處于較低水平，需要知識和經(jīng)驗的積累。我國大部分模具廠、車間的模具加工設(shè)備陳舊，在役期長、精度差、效率低，至今仍在使用普通的鍛、車、銑、刨、鉆、磨設(shè)備加工模具，熱處理加工

20、仍在使用鹽</p><p>　　3. Die trend</p><p>　　(1) Mold software features integrated</p><p>　　Die software features of integrated software modules required relatively complete, while the func

21、tion module using the same data model, in order to achieve Syndicated news management and sharing of information to support the mold design, manufacture, assembly, inspection, testing and production management of the ent

22、ire process to achieve optimal benefits. Series such as the UK Delcam's software will include a surface / solid geometric modeling, engineering drawing complex geometry, advanced ren</p><p>　　(2) Mold d

23、esign, analysis and manufacture of three-dimensional</p><p>　　Two-dimensional mold of traditional structural design can no longer meet modern technical requirements of production and integration. Mold desig

24、n, analysis, manufacturing three-dimensional technology, paperless software required to mold a new generation of three-dimensional, intuitive sense to design the mold, using three-dimensional digital model can be easily

25、used in the product structure of CAE analysis, tooling manufacturability evaluation and CNC machining, forming process simulation and i</p><p>　　(3) Mold software applications, networking trend</p>&l

26、t;p>　　With the mold in the enterprise competition, cooperation, production and management, globalization, internationalization, and the rapid development of computer hardware and software technology, the Internet has

27、made in the mold industry, virtual design, and agile manufacturing technology both necessary and possible. </p><p><b>　　3.模具的發(fā)展趨勢</b></p><p>　?。?）模具軟件功能集成化</p><p>　　模具軟

28、件功能的集成化要求軟件的功能模塊比較齊全，同時各功能模塊采用同一數(shù)據(jù)模型，以實現(xiàn)信息的綜合管理與共享，從而支持模具設(shè)計、制造、裝配、檢驗、測試及生產(chǎn)管理的全過程，達到實現(xiàn)最佳效益的目的。如英國Delcam公司的系列化軟件就包括了曲面/實體幾何造型、復(fù)雜形體工程制圖、工業(yè)設(shè)計高級渲染、塑料模設(shè)計專家系統(tǒng)、復(fù)雜形體CAM、藝術(shù)造型及雕刻自動編程系統(tǒng)、逆向工程系統(tǒng)及復(fù)雜形體在線測量系統(tǒng)等。集成化程度較高的軟件還包括：Pro/ENGINEER、

29、UG和CATIA等。國內(nèi)有上海交通大學(xué)金屬塑性成型有限元分析系統(tǒng)和沖裁模CAD/CAM系統(tǒng)；北京北航海爾軟件有限公司的CAXA系列軟件；吉林金網(wǎng)格模具工程研究中心的沖壓模CAD/CAE/CAM系統(tǒng)等。</p><p>　?。?）模具設(shè)計、分析及制造的三維化</p><p>　　傳統(tǒng)的二維模具結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計已越來越不適應(yīng)現(xiàn)代化生產(chǎn)和集成化技術(shù)要求。模具設(shè)計、分析、制造的三維化、無紙化要求新一代模具

30、軟件以立體的、直觀的感覺來設(shè)計模具，所采用的三維數(shù)字化模型能方便地用于產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)的CAE分析、模具可制造性評價和數(shù)控加工、成形過程模擬及信息的管理與共享。如Pro/ENGINEER、UG和CATIA等軟件具備參數(shù)化、基于特征、全相關(guān)等特點，從而使模具并行工程成為可能。另外，Cimatran公司的Moldexpert，Delcam公司的Ps-mold及日立造船的Space-E/mold均是3D專業(yè)注塑模設(shè)計軟件，可進行交互式3D型腔、型芯設(shè)

31、計、模架配置及典型結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計。澳大利亞Moldflow公司的三維真實感流動模擬軟件MoldflowAdvisers已經(jīng)受到用戶廣泛的好評和應(yīng)用。國內(nèi)有華中理工大學(xué)研制的同類軟件HSC3D4.5F及鄭州工業(yè)大學(xué)的Z-mold軟件。面向制造、基于知識的智能化功能是衡量模具軟件先進性和實用性的重要標(biāo)志之一。如Cimatron公司的注塑模專家軟件能根據(jù)脫模方向自動產(chǎn)生分型線和分型面，生成與制品相對應(yīng)的型芯和型腔，實現(xiàn)模架零件的全相關(guān)，自動產(chǎn)生材料

32、明細表</p><p>　?。?）模具軟件應(yīng)用的網(wǎng)絡(luò)化趨勢</p><p>　　隨著模具在企業(yè)競爭、合作、生產(chǎn)和管理等方面的全球化、國際化，以及計算機軟硬件技術(shù)的迅速發(fā)展，網(wǎng)絡(luò)使得在模具行業(yè)應(yīng)用虛擬設(shè)計、敏捷制造技術(shù)既有必要，也有可能。</p><p>　　4. Heat Treatment of Die</p><p>　　Traditio

33、nal die and mould design, mainly by experience or semi—experience，is isolated from manufacturing process. Before the design is finalized，the scheme of die and mould is usually modified time and again，thus some disadvanta

34、ges come into being, such as long development period, high cost and uncertain practical effect. Due to strong desires for precision, service life, development period and cost, modern die and mould should be designed and

35、manufactured perfectly. Therefore more and more adva</p><p>　　Heat treatment of die and mould is as important as design, manufacture and assembly because it has a vital effect on manufacture，assembly and ser

36、vice life．Design and manufacture of die and mould have progressed rapidly，but heat treatment lagged seriously behind them．As die and mould industry develops，heat treatment must ensure die and mould there are good state o

37、f manufacture，assembly and wear—resistant properties by request. Impertinent heat treatment can influence die and mould manufacturing s</p><p>　　Concurrent engineering takes computer integration system as a

38、carrier, at the very start subsequent each stage and factors have been considered such as manufacturing，heat treating，properties and so forth in order to avoid the error．The concurrent pattern has dismissed the defect of

39、 serial pattern, which bring about a revolution against serial pattern．</p><p>　　In the present work．the heat treatment was integrated into the concurrent circumstance of the die and mould development，and th

40、e systemic and profound research was performed．</p><p><b>　　4.模具的熱處理</b></p><p>　　模具設(shè)計主要是依照自身實踐經(jīng)驗或依照部分實踐經(jīng)驗，而不是制造工藝。在設(shè)計完成之前，模具方案通常要被一次又一次的改進，于是有些缺點便出現(xiàn)，例如開發(fā)時期長，成本高和實際效果不明顯。由于對精確性、使用壽命、

41、開發(fā)期和費用的嚴格要求，先進的模具要求設(shè)計和制造得十分完善。因此越來越先進的技術(shù)和創(chuàng)新方法被應(yīng)用其中，例如并行工程、敏捷制造業(yè)、虛擬制造業(yè)、協(xié)同合作設(shè)計等。</p><p>　　模具的熱處理與模具設(shè)計，制造和裝配同樣重要。因為它對模具的制造裝配和使用壽命又及其重要的影響。模具設(shè)計與制造發(fā)展十分迅速，但是熱處理發(fā)展卻嚴重滯后它們。隨著模具工業(yè)的發(fā)展，熱處理必須保證模具有良好的制造裝配和磨損耐熱性能。不切實際的熱處理

42、將導(dǎo)致模具材料過硬或過軟，同時影響模具裝配性能。傳統(tǒng)的熱處理工藝是按照設(shè)計師提出的方法和特性制作出來的。這樣會使模具設(shè)計師和熱處理工藝師意見產(chǎn)生分歧，而模具設(shè)計師卻不能充分地了解熱處理工藝和材料的性能，相反熱處理工藝師卻很少了解模具的使用環(huán)境和設(shè)計思路。這些分歧將在很大程度上影響模具的發(fā)展。因此，如果把熱處理工藝設(shè)計放在設(shè)計階段之前，則縮短開發(fā)周期，減少花費和保證質(zhì)量等目標(biāo)將會被考慮，而且從串行到并行的發(fā)展模式也將會實現(xiàn)。</p&

43、gt;<p>　　并行工程是以計算機集成系統(tǒng)作為載體，在開始以后，每個階段和因素都被看作如制造、熱處理、性能等等，以避免出現(xiàn)錯誤。并行模式已經(jīng)摒除了串行模式的缺陷，由此帶來了一場對串行模式的革命。</p><p>　　在當(dāng)前的工作中，熱處理被集成到了模具開發(fā)的并行環(huán)境中，同時也正在進行這種系統(tǒng)性和深入性的研究。</p><p>　　總結(jié)5. Summary</p>

44、<p>　　進入21世紀(jì)，在經(jīng)濟全球化的新形勢下，隨著資本、技術(shù)和勞動力市場的重新整合，我國裝備制造業(yè)在加入WTO以后，將成為世界裝The 21st century, in the new situation of economic globalization, with capital, technology and labor market re-integration of equipment manufacturi

45、ng in China after joining the WTO will become the world's equipment manufacturing base. 而在現(xiàn)代制造業(yè)中，無論哪一行業(yè)的工程裝備，都越來越多地采用由模具工業(yè)提供的產(chǎn)品。 In the modern manufacturing industry, no matter which industry, engineering equipment,

46、are increasingly used to provide the products from the mold industry. 為了適應(yīng)用戶對</p><p><b>　　5.總結(jié)</b></p><p>　　總結(jié)進入21世紀(jì)，在經(jīng)濟全球化的新形勢下，隨著資本、技術(shù)和勞動力市場的重新整合，我國裝備制造業(yè)在加入WTO以后，將成為世界裝備制造業(yè)的基地。而在現(xiàn)代

47、制造業(yè)中，無論哪一行業(yè)的工程裝備，都越來越多地采用由模具工業(yè)提供的產(chǎn)品。為了適應(yīng)用戶對模具制造的高精度、短交貨期、低成本的迫切要求，模具工業(yè)正廣泛應(yīng)用現(xiàn)代先進制造技術(shù)來加速模具工業(yè)的技術(shù)進步，滿足各行各業(yè)對模具這一基礎(chǔ)工藝裝備的迫切需求。</p><p><b>　　13.參考書目</b></p><p><b>　　參考文獻</b></p

48、><p>　　[1]《模具設(shè)計與制造》黨根茂 駱志斌 李集仁編，西安電子科技大學(xué)出版社</p><p>　　[2]《沖壓工藝與模具設(shè)計》張如華主編，清華大學(xué)出版</p><p>　　[3]《沖壓工藝與模具設(shè)計》王信友主編，清華大學(xué)出版</p><p>　　[4]《模具設(shè)計與制造簡明手冊》馮炳堯等編，上?？茖W(xué)技術(shù)出版社</p><

49、;p>　　[5]《實用模具技術(shù)手冊》鄧石城 王旭編，上?？茖W(xué)技術(shù)出版社</p><p>　　[6]《沖模設(shè)計手冊》張鼎承主編，機械工業(yè)出版社</p><p>　　[7]《互換性與技術(shù)測量》廖念釗主編，機械工業(yè)出版社</p><p>　　[8]《冷沖模設(shè)計手冊》編寫組，機械工業(yè)出版社</p><p>　　[9]《沖壓加工設(shè)備與自動化》王平

50、主編，華中科技大學(xué)出版社</p><p>　　[10]《冷沖模具設(shè)計精要》周本凱編寫</p><p>　　[11]《模具專業(yè)英語》機械工業(yè)出版社</p><p><b>　　14.謝辭</b></p><p><b>　　致謝詞</b></p><p>　　本文主要闡述了沖壓

51、工藝及模具，讓我對沖壓模具產(chǎn)生了濃厚的興趣，同時，受我專業(yè)的影響，我已經(jīng)習(xí)慣于關(guān)注帶來的一系列機遇與挑戰(zhàn)。 本篇設(shè)計雖然凝聚著自己的汗水，但卻不是個人智慧的產(chǎn)品，沒有老師的指引和贈予，沒有父母和朋友的幫助和支持，我在大學(xué)的學(xué)術(shù)成長肯定會大打折扣。當(dāng)我打完畢業(yè)論文的最后一個字符，涌上心頭的不是長途跋涉后抵達終點的欣喜，而是源自心底的誠摯謝意。我首先要感謝我的老師盧振華，對我的構(gòu)思以及設(shè)計的內(nèi)容不厭其煩的進行多次指導(dǎo)和悉心指點，