中德合作-中國(guó)國(guó)際扶貧中心

1、中 德 合 作German China Cooperation,扶貧監(jiān)測(cè)評(píng)價(jià)體系簡(jiǎn)介Poverty Monitoring & Evaluation中德合作江西項(xiàng)目辦Jiangxi PADO,扶貧監(jiān)測(cè)評(píng)價(jià)體系簡(jiǎn)介Introduction of Poverty M&E,一、開(kāi)發(fā)背景 Background二、體系簡(jiǎn)介 M & E三、體系的特點(diǎn)及創(chuàng)新 Features and innovati

2、on,一、開(kāi)發(fā)背景 Background,（一）扶貧開(kāi)發(fā)的評(píng)價(jià) Evaluation on Poverty Reduction（二）扶貧開(kāi)發(fā)評(píng)價(jià)的不足 Limitations of the evaluation（三）扶貧開(kāi)發(fā)監(jiān)測(cè)評(píng)價(jià)的現(xiàn)狀 Ongoing M&E,（一）扶貧開(kāi)發(fā)的評(píng)價(jià) Evaluation on Poverty Reduction,1、貧困人口的大幅減少

3、；Sharp reduction of poor population;2、貧困地區(qū)人民群眾生產(chǎn)、生活水平的大幅提高；Much better production and living conditions in poor areas;3、貧困地區(qū)的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施得到了改善；Improved infrastructure in poor areas;4、貧困地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)快速發(fā)展。Rapid economic growth in po

4、or areas.,（二）扶貧開(kāi)發(fā)評(píng)價(jià)的不足 Limitations of Evaluation,1、具體扶貧政策、措施的有效性；Efficacy of poverty reduction policies and measures;2、扶貧在社會(huì)穩(wěn)定、邊疆穩(wěn)定的貢獻(xiàn)；Contribution to stability and security in bordering areas and the whole society

5、; 3、扶貧對(duì)改善政府形象、改善干群關(guān)系的貢獻(xiàn)；Contribution to enhancing government profile and relation between the government and constituency.4、扶貧對(duì)提高扶持對(duì)象自身素質(zhì)的貢獻(xiàn)；Contribution to improving the ability of targeted poor;5、被扶持對(duì)象如何看待扶貧。Feed

6、back from the beneficiaries of poverty reduction projects,（三）扶貧監(jiān)測(cè)評(píng)價(jià)的現(xiàn)狀 Ongoing Poverty M&A,1、管理的多頭性；Multi-Managers;2、內(nèi)容的不完整性；Incomplete content;3、口徑的不一致性；Inconsistent measures;4、利用的不充分性。Insufficient Utilizat

7、ion,二、體系簡(jiǎn)介 Introduction of M&A,（一）總體設(shè)計(jì)思路；Overall Design;（二）指標(biāo)體系的設(shè)計(jì)；Design of Indicators（三）方法體系的設(shè)計(jì)。Design of Methodology,（一）總體設(shè)計(jì)思路 Overall Design,在扶貧監(jiān)測(cè)評(píng)價(jià)體系中，扶貧開(kāi)發(fā)活動(dòng)相關(guān)的投入、產(chǎn)出的整體效率及其在扶貧對(duì)象中所形成的成果、影響的整體效果應(yīng)被視為主要

8、的監(jiān)測(cè)評(píng)價(jià)內(nèi)容。 In the whole system of Poverty M&E, input, output, income and impact of poverty reduction activities shall be the major components of M&E.,（一）總體設(shè)計(jì)思路Overall Design,總體目標(biāo)Goals： 1、動(dòng)態(tài)監(jiān)測(cè)評(píng)價(jià)扶貧過(guò)程；

9、 Dynamic monitoring and evaluation of poverty reduction; 2、監(jiān)測(cè)評(píng)價(jià)扶貧政策、措施的實(shí)施及效果； Monitor and evaluate the implementation and impact of poverty reduction policies and measures; 3、監(jiān)測(cè)評(píng)價(jià)重點(diǎn)村扶貧開(kāi)發(fā)規(guī)劃的實(shí)施及效果； Monit

10、or and evaluate the implementation and impact of poverty reduction programs in key counties for national assistance; 4、監(jiān)測(cè)評(píng)價(jià)貧困地區(qū)干部、群眾，特別是貧困農(nóng)戶對(duì)扶貧開(kāi)發(fā)和政府服務(wù)的滿意情況； Monitor and evaluate the satisfaction of poor areas for

11、 poverty reduction and government service; 5、監(jiān)測(cè)評(píng)價(jià)受扶持對(duì)象對(duì)扶持的需求。 Monitor and evaluate the demands of project beneficiaries on the project,（一）總體設(shè)計(jì)思路Overall Design,主要任務(wù)Main Tasks： 1、建立上下互通的信息反饋、數(shù)據(jù)采集、整理分析、管理、決策支持體系

12、； Smooth the channel of information feedback and build up a systematic procedure of data collection, data codification, data management and policy support; 2、建立為扶貧系統(tǒng)及相關(guān)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)的扶貧項(xiàng)目管理、扶貧效果分析的技術(shù)平臺(tái)； Set up a techni

13、que platform of project management and impact analysis to serve poverty reduction system; 3、建立監(jiān)測(cè)評(píng)價(jià)重點(diǎn)村扶貧活動(dòng)及其效果的支持系統(tǒng)。 Set up a support system to monitor and evaluate activities in key counties and their impact,（一）總

14、體設(shè)計(jì)思路Overall Design,輔助作用Other roles to play： 1、提高扶貧活動(dòng)的瞄準(zhǔn)性； Sharpen the targeting of poverty reduction activities; 2、預(yù)防扶貧資源的滲漏。 Prevent leakage of poverty reduction resources.,（二）指標(biāo)體系的設(shè)計(jì) Design of Indi

15、cators,1、指標(biāo)體系的基本框架General Framework of Indicator System2、指標(biāo)分類的特點(diǎn)和意義Characteristics and significance of indicator classification,1、指標(biāo)體系的基本框架 Framework of Indicator System,投入Input產(chǎn)出Output成果Outcome影響Impact,,,國(guó)家扶貧戰(zhàn)略N

16、ational Strategy of Poverty Reduction,扶貧開(kāi)發(fā)政策Policies of Poverty Reduction,扶貧開(kāi)發(fā)項(xiàng)目管理Management of Poverty Reduction Project,影響類指標(biāo)Impact Indicator,成果類指標(biāo)Outcome Indicator,投入、產(chǎn)出類指標(biāo)Input and Output Indicator,,,,1、指標(biāo)體系的基本框

17、架Framework of Indicator System,指標(biāo)體系還應(yīng)該能夠綜合反映扶貧開(kāi)發(fā)活動(dòng)對(duì)扶貧對(duì)象以下方面所產(chǎn)生的影響: The indicator system should comprehensively reflect the impact of poverty reduction activities on the poor covered：經(jīng)濟(jì) Economy社會(huì)文化 Social Cult

18、ure政治 Politics環(huán)境 Environment,1、指標(biāo)體系的基本框架Framework of Indicator System,投入產(chǎn)出類－管理效率的衡量Input/output ---- Measure of Management Efficiency,從資金傳遞的總量和時(shí)間上來(lái)衡量資金、項(xiàng)目和規(guī)劃管理的效率; Measure the management efficiency of capital, proje

19、ct and planning by the aggregate and time of fund transfer;村級(jí)規(guī)劃完成的情況;Accomplishment of planning at county level;從瞄準(zhǔn)率來(lái)監(jiān)測(cè)窮人從各項(xiàng)扶貧投入的受益情況 Employ target rate to monitor the benefits that the poor receive from various inpu

20、ts;國(guó)家各項(xiàng)資金的投入以及投向變化 National inputs and changed targets of inputs,成果類指標(biāo)—扶貧效果的衡量Outcome----Measure of Poverty Reduction Impact,在經(jīng)濟(jì)維度方面，主要選擇一些能較好反映當(dāng)?shù)販p貧情況及經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平狀況的指標(biāo) In economic dimension, those indicators th

21、at adequately reflect the poverty reduction progress and economic development shall be preferable; 在社會(huì)維度方面，主要選擇一些能較好反映當(dāng)?shù)亟逃l(wèi)生狀況及性別敏感的指標(biāo)； In social dimension, those indicators that adequately refl

22、ect local education, health and gender sensibility shall be preferable; 在政治維度方面，主要選擇一些能較好反映貧困群體話語(yǔ)權(quán)、參與權(quán)及決策權(quán)、社區(qū)穩(wěn)定及村級(jí)基層自助組織建設(shè)等方面的指標(biāo)； In political dimension, those indicators that adequately reflect

23、 the right of speech, participation and decision-making of the poor, the stability of community and construction of self-help organizations at village level shall be preferable; 在環(huán)境維度方面，主要選擇一些能較好反映或影響當(dāng)?shù)刈匀画h(huán)境變

24、化的指標(biāo)。 In environment dimension, those indicators that adequately reflect changes of local natural environment shall be preferable.,影響類指標(biāo)—扶貧戰(zhàn)略的評(píng)價(jià)Impact----Evaluation of Poverty Reduction Strategy,在經(jīng)濟(jì)維度的影響衡量上

25、，我們通過(guò)“恩戈?duì)栂禂?shù)”、“貧困發(fā)生率”、“貧困深度”、“基尼系數(shù)”、“扶貧投入/產(chǎn)出對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)增長(zhǎng)的貢獻(xiàn)”、“扶貧投入/產(chǎn)出對(duì)貧困戶收入的貢獻(xiàn)”來(lái)測(cè)量扶貧影響。在社會(huì)維度的影響衡量上，我們通過(guò)分性別的“貧困戶家庭小學(xué)輟學(xué)率”、“貧困戶家庭初中輟學(xué)率”、“貧困戶兒童接種疫苗率”、“貧困戶最高勞動(dòng)力文化程度”、“貧困戶兒童營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良率”、“貧困戶地方病、常見(jiàn)流行病發(fā)病率”、“貧困戶大病、慢性病人口比重”、“貧困戶大病、慢性病就醫(yī)率”、“參加商

26、業(yè)保險(xiǎn)的貧困戶比重”等村級(jí)指標(biāo)來(lái)測(cè)量扶貧影響。在政治維度的影響衡量上，我們通過(guò)“村中治安、刑事案件起數(shù)”、“群體事件起數(shù)”、“農(nóng)民權(quán)益糾紛起數(shù)”、“集體上訪人次”、“村級(jí)事務(wù)公開(kāi)滿意度”、“對(duì)中央相關(guān)農(nóng)村整體政策滿意度”等村級(jí)指標(biāo)來(lái)測(cè)量扶貧影響。在環(huán)境維度的影響衡量上，我們通過(guò) “因?yàn)?zāi)返貧農(nóng)戶比率”、“自然災(zāi)害發(fā)生頻率”、“生態(tài)環(huán)境質(zhì)量滿意度”等村級(jí)指標(biāo)測(cè)量扶貧影響。,背景性因素指標(biāo)Background Measure,貧困村/戶

27、：地理?xiàng)l件、自然條件、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、生產(chǎn)條件和基本社會(huì)條件 Poor village/household: Geographic, natural, infrastructure, production and basic social conditions非扶貧系統(tǒng)的農(nóng)村發(fā)展政策的投入因素：四類21項(xiàng)政策 Input to rural development by non-poverty reduction system: 4 ty

28、pes 21 policies加入背景性因素的原因及目標(biāo)：厘清扶貧系統(tǒng)投入的在扶貧干預(yù)對(duì)象中形成的客觀成果及影響The reason to add background measures and its purpose: to sort out the objective impact of poverty reduction input on the targets of intervention,指標(biāo)分類及多維性舉例Class

29、ification of measures and examples,2、體系指標(biāo)的特點(diǎn)和意義Characteristics and Significance of Measures,扶貧投入產(chǎn)出指標(biāo)Input/output measures： 從經(jīng)濟(jì)角度監(jiān)測(cè)評(píng)價(jià)扶貧工作，是一切扶貧監(jiān)測(cè)評(píng)價(jià)的基礎(chǔ)，沒(méi)有經(jīng)濟(jì)效益，其它效益就無(wú)從談起。 Poverty M&E in economic terms

30、is the foundation of all such activities. Without economic benefit, other benefit is just mirage. 這也是現(xiàn)有監(jiān)測(cè)評(píng)價(jià)體系的重點(diǎn)，是目前比較完善的監(jiān)測(cè)內(nèi)容。 This is the focal point of current M&E system and a component around which mo

31、nitoring and evaluation is relatively complete. 本監(jiān)測(cè)評(píng)價(jià)體系對(duì)這部分內(nèi)容進(jìn)行了簡(jiǎn)化，力求做到來(lái)源可靠、經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)用。 Our M&E system simplified this component and gave more emphasis on its reliability and practicability.,2、分類的特點(diǎn)和意義Classifi

32、cation and its significance,扶貧成果指標(biāo)Outcome Measure： 著重從社會(huì)的角度，對(duì)扶貧產(chǎn)出的利用情況進(jìn)行監(jiān)測(cè)，反映的是扶貧效益，對(duì)提高扶貧政策的瞄準(zhǔn)性和防止扶貧利益的滲漏具有重要作用。扶貧成果是社會(huì)對(duì)扶貧的主要監(jiān)測(cè)需要。 Monitor the utilization of the output to reflect the social benefit. It

33、is important for sharpening the target of poverty reduction policies and preventing benefit leakage. Outcome of poverty reduction is what the society expects most from M&E.,3、分類的特點(diǎn)和意義Classification and its significa

34、nce,扶貧影響指標(biāo)Impact measure： 主要是監(jiān)測(cè)扶貧政策措施對(duì)受扶持對(duì)象的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)、素質(zhì)和生產(chǎn)生活水平等方面產(chǎn)生的影響，側(cè)重于從政治和社會(huì)穩(wěn)定的角度對(duì)扶貧政策措施進(jìn)行監(jiān)測(cè)，這是政府對(duì)扶貧投資的期望回報(bào)，也是促使主要扶貧投資者—政府加大扶貧投入的原動(dòng)力。 Monitoring the impact of M&E policies on targeted poor in terms of p

35、olitics, economy, society, qualification and production and living conditions. The emphasis is to measure the poverty reduction policies in political and social terms, which is the expected return to the society and the

36、underpinning of government input to poverty reduction. 扶貧開(kāi)發(fā)作為經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和社會(huì)發(fā)育的穩(wěn)定器的貢獻(xiàn)作用是巨大的, 但現(xiàn)行的監(jiān)測(cè)評(píng)價(jià)體系反映不出, 這是最大的缺陷, 不能滿足主要投資者政府的信息需求。 The huge contribution made by poverty reduction efforts to economic and social dev

37、elopment and social stability fled the current M&E system. This is the worst limitation of the system. It failed to meet the information demands from major investors.,3、分類的特點(diǎn)和意義 Classification and its significance,意

38、義Significance：1、通過(guò)對(duì)指標(biāo)的分類和分析研究，理解和掌握了政府和社會(huì)對(duì)扶貧監(jiān)測(cè)評(píng)價(jià)的需求；2、通過(guò)對(duì)指標(biāo)的分類和分析研究，找出了目前扶貧監(jiān)測(cè)評(píng)價(jià)的薄弱點(diǎn)和不足；3、通過(guò)對(duì)指標(biāo)的分類和分析研究，得出了扶貧監(jiān)測(cè)評(píng)價(jià)體系建設(shè)的重點(diǎn)和方向。By classification and analysis on measures, we can learn and understand demands from governme

39、nt and society for poverty M&E; we can catch the limitations of current M&E and; we can figure out the priority and direction of the system construction.,2、分類的特點(diǎn)和意義 Classification and its significance,1、指標(biāo)的開(kāi)放性：本

40、指標(biāo)體系是一個(gè)開(kāi)放的體系，它需要并可能不斷地根據(jù)監(jiān)測(cè)需要和實(shí)際情況進(jìn)行完善和改進(jìn)； Openness of measures: the measures is an open system. It needs to be constantly upgraded to new demands and new development of reality.2、共享性：指標(biāo)體系是共享的，我們將探討各有關(guān)部門的共建、共享、共管問(wèn)題。

41、 Sharing of measures: the system can be shared. We will go to the issue of how relevant agencies can jointly construct, benefit from and manage the system.,（三）方法體系的設(shè)計(jì) Design of Methodology,選擇調(diào)查方法的原則:Principles in s

42、electing survey methodology：確保扶貧監(jiān)測(cè)評(píng)價(jià)體系的科學(xué)性、完整性，以滿足各級(jí)各層次的扶貧監(jiān)測(cè)評(píng)價(jià)需要；Ensure the logic and completion of the system to satisfy demands at various levels;將理論和實(shí)際有機(jī)結(jié)合，確保扶貧監(jiān)測(cè)評(píng)價(jià)體系的可操作性，特別是數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)源的真實(shí)性；Integrate theory and practice

43、 to make sure that the system is practical and the source of data is reliable;將需要與可能相結(jié)合，努力降低監(jiān)測(cè)成本，確保扶貧監(jiān)測(cè)評(píng)價(jià)體系的可推廣性；Combine the demand and feasibility to minimize monitoring cost and to keep the system applicable堅(jiān)持以人為本，注

44、重各方面參與特別是貧困農(nóng)戶參與監(jiān)測(cè)，保持扶貧監(jiān)測(cè)評(píng)價(jià)體系的參與式特色。Center on the demand of human being, stress the participation of various actors especially poor households to monitoring activities so as to secure the participatory feature of the sys

45、tem,（三）方法體系的設(shè)計(jì) Design of Methodology,主要調(diào)查方法的選擇Selection of survey methodology： 1、全面調(diào)查；General survey 2、村抽樣調(diào)查；Sampling of villages 3、戶抽樣調(diào)查；Sampling of households 4、滿意度調(diào)查；Survey of satisfac

46、tion 5、參與式等其它調(diào)查。Participatory survey and others,（三）方法體系的設(shè)計(jì) Design of Methodology,全面調(diào)查General survey： 主要調(diào)查內(nèi)容是Items：①對(duì)扶貧的投入、產(chǎn)出，以及部分成果進(jìn)行監(jiān)測(cè)Monitor the input, output and partial outcome of poverty reduction；②

47、對(duì)扶貧開(kāi)發(fā)工作重點(diǎn)村的村級(jí)扶貧開(kāi)發(fā)規(guī)劃的實(shí)施情況進(jìn)行監(jiān)測(cè)Monitor the implementation of poverty reduction plan at village level in key villages of national assistance。 主要監(jiān)測(cè)對(duì)象Targets： ①有扶貧開(kāi)發(fā)任務(wù)的縣（市）Counties (municipalities) tasked with poverty

48、reduction； ②扶貧開(kāi)發(fā)工作重點(diǎn)村Key villages of national poverty reduction assistance 。,村級(jí)抽樣調(diào)查Sampling at village level： 主要調(diào)查內(nèi)容是Items：重點(diǎn)村的村級(jí)扶貧開(kāi)發(fā)規(guī)劃實(shí)施成果和影響。Implementation of outcome and impact of poverty reduction at village

49、level in key villages 主要監(jiān)測(cè)對(duì)象為樣本村Targets are sampled villages.,（三）方法體系的設(shè)計(jì) Design of Methodology,農(nóng)戶抽樣調(diào)查Sampling at household level： 主要調(diào)查內(nèi)容是Items：重點(diǎn)村農(nóng)戶的收入、支出、資產(chǎn)等情況，以監(jiān)測(cè)農(nóng)戶的收支變化、貧困發(fā)生率、貧困程度、貧困深度、受扶持情況、受益及影響等情況。

50、Income, expense and assets of households in key villages to measure the change of financial balance, poverty incidence, poverty seriousness, support gained, benefits gained and impact on the households. 主要監(jiān)測(cè)對(duì)象為樣本

51、農(nóng)戶。 Targets are sampled households.,（三）方法體系的設(shè)計(jì) Design of Methodology,滿意度調(diào)查Satisfaction survey： 主要調(diào)查內(nèi)容是Items：從主觀上監(jiān)測(cè)農(nóng)戶⑴對(duì)扶貧政策措施（包括扶貧項(xiàng)目）和政府服務(wù)的滿意程度Subjectively measure the satisfaction of targeted households on 1) po

52、verty reduction policies and projects, service delivered by government；⑵對(duì)生產(chǎn)生活條件及其變化情況的滿意程度2) changes of their production and living conditions and；⑶對(duì)扶貧措施的需求情況3) their demands for poverty reduction policies。 主要監(jiān)測(cè)對(duì)

53、象為重點(diǎn)村的農(nóng)戶。 Targets are households in key villages.,（三）方法體系的設(shè)計(jì) Design of Methodology,參與式等其它調(diào)查Participatory survey and others： 主要是根據(jù)監(jiān)測(cè)評(píng)價(jià)發(fā)現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題和扶貧開(kāi)發(fā)工作階段性的特別需求，不定期采取參與式調(diào)查、典型調(diào)查、重點(diǎn)調(diào)查等方法，對(duì)扶貧情況進(jìn)行監(jiān)測(cè)。Irregular participatory

54、 survey, typical case survey and priority survey, etc.,（三）方法體系的設(shè)計(jì) Design of Methodology,數(shù)據(jù)搜集和傳輸示意圖A snapshot of data collection and transfer,三、扶貧監(jiān)測(cè)評(píng)價(jià)體系的特點(diǎn)Features of Poverty M&A,1、實(shí)踐性 本系統(tǒng)嘗試在一個(gè)系統(tǒng)內(nèi)將定量監(jiān)測(cè)和定性監(jiān)測(cè)、客觀

55、評(píng)價(jià)和主觀評(píng)估結(jié)合起來(lái)。 Practical: The system tries to combine quantitative monitoring and qualitative monitoring, objective evaluation and subjective evaluation into one system.,三、扶貧監(jiān)測(cè)評(píng)價(jià)體系的特點(diǎn) Features of Poverty M&A,2、

56、系統(tǒng)性： 該系統(tǒng)的監(jiān)測(cè)對(duì)象從個(gè)人、住戶、行政村到縣，彌補(bǔ)了其它貧困監(jiān)測(cè)體系的不足，具有很高的實(shí)用價(jià)值和推廣意義。 Systematic: The system expands its coverage to include individuals, households, administrative villages and counties. It makes up for the defaults o

57、f other M&E system, so it’s highly practical and replicable.,三、扶貧監(jiān)測(cè)評(píng)價(jià)體系的特點(diǎn) Features of Poverty M&A,3、全面性： 該體系的監(jiān)測(cè)面涉及經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)文化、政治、人文、環(huán)境貧困的多維方面，是一個(gè)多維指標(biāo)體系。 Comprehensive: The system touches upon multiple

58、dimensions from economy and social culture to politics, human being, environment and poverty, so it’s a multi-dimensional system of measures.,三、扶貧監(jiān)測(cè)評(píng)價(jià)體系的特點(diǎn) Features of Poverty M&A,4、完整性 本體系立足于廣義的扶貧監(jiān)測(cè)，注重農(nóng)調(diào)、

59、財(cái)政、發(fā)改、農(nóng)行等相關(guān)系統(tǒng)的合作；指標(biāo)和數(shù)據(jù)，立足于服務(wù)扶貧系統(tǒng)，同時(shí)服務(wù)于農(nóng)調(diào)、財(cái)政、發(fā)改、農(nóng)行等相關(guān)系統(tǒng)，還可服務(wù)于受扶持對(duì)象（村、貧困戶）；并開(kāi)發(fā)了適用于橫向縱向進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)信息共享的獨(dú)立的監(jiān)測(cè)評(píng)價(jià)軟硬件體系，為扶貧工作的監(jiān)測(cè)和控制提供條件。 Complete The system is built upon poverty M&E in a broad sense which determine

60、s that it shall highly regard the cooperation between agencies related to agriculture survey, finance, NDRC and agricultural banks; Its measures and data is service-oriented that it may serve both the above-mentioned age

61、ncies and the targets of support (poor households and villages); it developed both hardware and software to facilitate data and information sharing between agencies and various levels.,三、扶貧監(jiān)測(cè)評(píng)價(jià)體系的特點(diǎn) Features of Poverty

62、M&A,5、可推廣性 本體系在指標(biāo)的設(shè)置和數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的建設(shè)上，力求兼容國(guó)務(wù)院扶貧辦及有關(guān)扶貧監(jiān)測(cè)評(píng)價(jià)體系。 在調(diào)查方法和手段上，較多地使用了抽樣調(diào)查等經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)用的調(diào)查方法，使得該體系的運(yùn)行成本更加低廉。 因此，本體系具有較強(qiáng)的推廣性。 Replicable In the development of measures and constructio

63、n of database, the system functions to keep in consistence with M&E system operating in LGOP and other agencies. In designing the methodology and approach of survey, the system relies much on economical but