主補(bǔ)賓補(bǔ)比較

1、主補(bǔ)即主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)即被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。eg.Theycaughtboystealing.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)Theboywascaughtstealing.stealing即為主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后的主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)對(duì)于主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，語(yǔ)法家們各有不同的看法。有的把連系動(dòng)詞后面的部分稱作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)；有的又把被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)稱作表語(yǔ)，與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一起稱作復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)。筆者通過(guò)教學(xué)體會(huì)到，還是把被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后面的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)稱作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)好些。這是因?yàn)閷W(xué)生很容易接受“賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)

2、足語(yǔ)”，而如果把帶有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的句子變成被動(dòng)句，原來(lái)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的部分就變成補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)了。一、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)與主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)是密切相關(guān)的。例如：(1)Isawhimplayingbasketballyesterday.(2)Hewasseenplayingbasketballyesterday.句（1）中的含義不是我看見(jiàn)他，而是我看見(jiàn)他正在打籃球。playingbasketball是賓語(yǔ)him的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。所以叫賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。句

3、（2）中的含義也不是他被看，而是別人看見(jiàn)他正在打籃球。這里的playingbasketball是主語(yǔ)he的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，故稱作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。主語(yǔ)和主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)一起稱作復(fù)合主語(yǔ)。所以含有主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的句子一般是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是可以接復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)（賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)）的及物動(dòng)詞。句首的主語(yǔ)就是主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的邏輯主語(yǔ)。二、主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)形式種種1.動(dòng)詞electcallnamemakefindleave等后面常接名詞用作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。例如：①Thedogiscall

4、edKarl.②Coalissometimescalledstedupsunlight.③Hewasfoundtherightmanfthejob.2.動(dòng)詞keepmakepaintcutburnbeatwashfindconsiderwipe等后面常接形容詞用作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。例如：①Thedowaspaintedwhite.②Theoldmanwasfoundweak.③Theclassroomisalwayskeptcleanever

5、yday.3.動(dòng)詞seewatchhearfeellistentolookatimagine等后面接分詞用作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。例如：①HeisoftenheardreadingEnglish.②Theprofesswasseenmakinganexperimentinthechemistrylab.③Theglasswasfoundbroken.Dinosaureggswerelaidlonglongago.3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成：ha

6、shavebeen及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞Thisbookhasbeentranslatedintomanylanguages.Manymanmadesatelliteshavebeensentupintospacebymanycountries.4.一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成：willbe及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞Anewhospitalwillbebuiltinourcity.Manymetreeswillbeplantednextyear.5.含

7、有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞be及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞Youngtreesmustbewateredoften.Yourmistakesshouldbecrectedrightnow.Thedomaybelockedinside.Yourhomewkcanbehedintomrow.6.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成：amisarebeing及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞UncleWangismendingmybikenow.→Mybikeisbein

8、grepairedbyTomnow.Theyareplantingtreesoverthere.→Treesarebeingplantedovertherebythem.7.不定式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：tobe及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞Therearetwobookstoberead.→Therearetwentymetreestobeplanted.二、怎樣把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)改成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)非常簡(jiǎn)單，可以遵循以下幾個(gè)步驟：1.先找出謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；

9、2.再找出謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)；3.把賓語(yǔ)用作被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的主語(yǔ)；4.注意人稱、時(shí)態(tài)和數(shù)的變化。例：1.Brucewritesalettereveryweek.→AletteriswrittenbyBruceeveryweek.2.LiLeimendedthebrokenbikethismning.→ThebrokenbikewasmendedbyLiLeithismning.3.Hehaswrittentwonovelssofar.→Two

10、novelshavebeenwrittenbyhimsofar.4.Theywillplanttentreestomrow.→Tentreeswillbeplantedbythemtomrow.5.Lucyiswritingaletternow.→AletterisbeingwrittenbyLucynow.6.Youmustlockthedowhenyouleave.→thedomustbelockedwhenyouleave.三、使