主補(bǔ)賓補(bǔ)比較

1、主補(bǔ)即主語補(bǔ)足語即被動語態(tài)中的賓語補(bǔ)足語。eg.Theycaughtboystealing.被動語態(tài)Theboywascaughtstealing.stealing即為主語補(bǔ)足語被動語態(tài)后的主語補(bǔ)足語對于主語補(bǔ)足語，語法家們各有不同的看法。有的把連系動詞后面的部分稱作主語補(bǔ)足語；有的又把被動語態(tài)后的補(bǔ)足語稱作表語，與被動語態(tài)一起稱作復(fù)合謂語。筆者通過教學(xué)體會到，還是把被動語態(tài)后面的補(bǔ)足語稱作主語補(bǔ)足語好些。這是因?yàn)閷W(xué)生很容易接受“賓語補(bǔ)

2、足語”，而如果把帶有賓語補(bǔ)足語的句子變成被動句，原來補(bǔ)充說明賓語的部分就變成補(bǔ)充說明主語了。一、被動語態(tài)的主語補(bǔ)足語與主動語態(tài)的賓語補(bǔ)足語是密切相關(guān)的。例如：(1)Isawhimplayingbasketballyesterday.(2)Hewasseenplayingbasketballyesterday.句（1）中的含義不是我看見他，而是我看見他正在打籃球。playingbasketball是賓語him的補(bǔ)足語。所以叫賓語補(bǔ)足語。句

3、（2）中的含義也不是他被看，而是別人看見他正在打籃球。這里的playingbasketball是主語he的補(bǔ)足語，故稱作主語補(bǔ)足語。主語和主語補(bǔ)足語一起稱作復(fù)合主語。所以含有主語補(bǔ)足語的句子一般是被動語態(tài)，謂語動詞是可以接復(fù)合賓語（賓語賓語補(bǔ)足語）的及物動詞。句首的主語就是主語補(bǔ)足語的邏輯主語。二、主語補(bǔ)足語形式種種1.動詞electcallnamemakefindleave等后面常接名詞用作主語補(bǔ)足語。例如：①Thedogiscall

4、edKarl.②Coalissometimescalledstedupsunlight.③Hewasfoundtherightmanfthejob.2.動詞keepmakepaintcutburnbeatwashfindconsiderwipe等后面常接形容詞用作主語補(bǔ)足語。例如：①Thedowaspaintedwhite.②Theoldmanwasfoundweak.③Theclassroomisalwayskeptcleanever

5、yday.3.動詞seewatchhearfeellistentolookatimagine等后面接分詞用作主語補(bǔ)足語。例如：①HeisoftenheardreadingEnglish.②Theprofesswasseenmakinganexperimentinthechemistrylab.③Theglasswasfoundbroken.Dinosaureggswerelaidlonglongago.3.現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成：ha

6、shavebeen及物動詞的過去分詞Thisbookhasbeentranslatedintomanylanguages.Manymanmadesatelliteshavebeensentupintospacebymanycountries.4.一般將來時的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成：willbe及物動詞的過去分詞Anewhospitalwillbebuiltinourcity.Manymetreeswillbeplantednextyear.5.含

7、有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成：情態(tài)動詞be及物動詞的過去分詞Youngtreesmustbewateredoften.Yourmistakesshouldbecrectedrightnow.Thedomaybelockedinside.Yourhomewkcanbehedintomrow.6.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成：amisarebeing及物動詞的過去分詞UncleWangismendingmybikenow.→Mybikeisbein

8、grepairedbyTomnow.Theyareplantingtreesoverthere.→Treesarebeingplantedovertherebythem.7.不定式的被動語態(tài)：tobe及物動詞的過去分詞Therearetwobookstoberead.→Therearetwentymetreestobeplanted.二、怎樣把主動語態(tài)改成被動語態(tài)把主動語態(tài)改為被動語態(tài)非常簡單，可以遵循以下幾個步驟：1.先找出謂語動詞；

9、2.再找出謂語動詞后的賓語；3.把賓語用作被動語態(tài)中的主語；4.注意人稱、時態(tài)和數(shù)的變化。例：1.Brucewritesalettereveryweek.→AletteriswrittenbyBruceeveryweek.2.LiLeimendedthebrokenbikethismning.→ThebrokenbikewasmendedbyLiLeithismning.3.Hehaswrittentwonovelssofar.→Two

10、novelshavebeenwrittenbyhimsofar.4.Theywillplanttentreestomrow.→Tentreeswillbeplantedbythemtomrow.5.Lucyiswritingaletternow.→AletterisbeingwrittenbyLucynow.6.Youmustlockthedowhenyouleave.→thedomustbelockedwhenyouleave.三、使