常用物理常數(shù)

1、常用材料密度常用材料密度序號(hào)序號(hào)材料材料密度密度備注備注序號(hào)序號(hào)材料材料密度密度備注備注1空氣（20℃）0.00122軟木0.10.43泡沫塑料0.24泥煤0.290.55工業(yè)用毛氈0.36木炭0.30.57焦炭0.360.538煙煤粉0.40.79木材0.40.7510皮革0.41.211石墨（粉）0.4512石棉線0.450.5513熟石灰（粉）0.514膠合板0.5615褐煤0.60.816高爐渣0.6117干煤灰0.640.72

2、18汽油0.660.7519煤灰0.720無(wú)煙煤0.71.021鋅煙塵0.71.522粘土（塊）0.71.523煤油0.780.8224酒精0.825煙煤0.8126橡膠夾布傳動(dòng)帶0.81.227造型砂0.81.328石油（原油）0.8229無(wú)煙煤粉0.840.8930軟鋼紙板0.931竹材0.932石蠟0.933機(jī)油0.90.934聚丙烯0.90.9135瀝青0.91.536聚苯乙烯0.911.0737聚乙烯0.920.9538純橡膠

3、0.9339水（4℃）140ABS樹(shù)脂1.021.0841尼龍10101.041.1542聚苯醚1.061.0743生石灰（塊）1.144尼龍6661.131.1545有機(jī)玻璃1.181.1946鹽酸1.247熟石灰1.248水泥（粉）1.249生石灰（粉）1.250電石1.251電木1.21.452石灰石（中小塊）1.21.553白云石（塊）1.2254褐鐵礦1.22.155聚砜1.2456纖維紙板纖維板1.31.457膠木膠木板1.

4、31.458酚醛層壓板1.31.4559鋅精礦1.31.760銅精礦1.31.861工業(yè)橡膠1.31.862鉛鋅精礦1.32.463碎石1.32264聚氯乙烯1.351.465賽璐珞1.351.466細(xì)砂（干）1.41.6567粗砂（干）1.41.968聚甲醛1.411.4369玻璃鋼1.42.170電玉1.451.5571礫石1.51.972橡膠石棉板1.5273硝酸1.5474平膠板1.61.875平爐渣1.61.8576石灰石（大

5、塊）1.62.077粘土磚1.778錳礦1.71.9常用材料極限強(qiáng)度常用材料極限強(qiáng)度材料名材料名拉壓拉壓疲勞極限疲勞極限彎曲彎曲疲勞極限疲勞極限扭轉(zhuǎn)扭轉(zhuǎn)疲勞極限疲勞極限拉壓脈動(dòng)拉壓脈動(dòng)疲勞極限疲勞極限彎曲脈動(dòng)彎曲脈動(dòng)疲勞極限疲勞極限扭轉(zhuǎn)脈動(dòng)扭轉(zhuǎn)脈動(dòng)疲勞極限疲勞極限結(jié)構(gòu)鋼≈0.3σb≈0.43σb≈0.25σb≈1.42σ1l≈1.33σ1≈1.5τ1鑄鐵≈0.225σb≈0.45σb≈0.36σb≈1.42σ1l≈1.35σ1≈1.35

6、τ1鋁合金≈σb673.5MPa≈σb673.5MPa≈(0.55～0.58)σ1≈1.5σ1l結(jié)構(gòu)鋼≈0.3σb≈0.43σb≈0.25σb≈1.42σ1l≈1.33σ1≈1.5τ1鑄鐵≈0.225σb≈0.45σb≈0.36σb≈1.42σ1l≈1.35σ1≈1.35τ1鋁合金≈σb673.5MPa≈σb673.5MPa≈(0.55～0.58)σ1≈1.5σ1l常用物理常數(shù)常用物理常數(shù)序號(hào)名稱(chēng)名稱(chēng)符號(hào)符號(hào)常數(shù)常數(shù)量綱量綱1轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量千

7、克平方米kgm21kgm22轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量盎司平方英寸ozin21ozin2=1.8290105kgm23轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量磅平方英寸lbin21lbin2=2.92640104kgm24轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量磅平方英尺lbft21lbft2=0.0421401kgm25阿伏加德羅常數(shù)LNA(6.0220450.000031)1023mol16標(biāo)準(zhǔn)大氣壓p00.101325MPa7冰點(diǎn)的絕對(duì)溫度T0273.15K8玻爾半徑a0(5.29177060.0000044)

8、1011m9玻爾茲曼常數(shù)k(1.3806620.000044)1023JK.mol10純水三相點(diǎn)的絕對(duì)溫度T273.16K11磁導(dǎo)率（真空中）μ04π107Hm12地球密度ρ5.517tm313地球平均半徑r6.37106m14地球與太陽(yáng)平均距離d1.4961011m15地球與月球平均距離d3.84108m16地球質(zhì)量5.981024kg17第二輻射常數(shù)c2(1.4387860.000045)102m.K18第一輻射常數(shù)c1(5.670