英語語言學(xué)練習(xí)題

1、英語語言學(xué)練習(xí)題英語語言學(xué)練習(xí)題SupplementaryexercisesChapter1IntroductionⅠ.DecidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsisTrueFalse:1.Linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthescientificstudyoflanguage.2.Linguisticsstudiesparticularlanguagenotlang

2、uagesingeneral.3.Ascientificstudyoflanguageisbasedonwhatthelinguistthinks.4.Inthestudyoflinguisticshypothesesfmedshouldbebasedonlanguagefactscheckedagainsttheobservedfacts.5.Generallinguisticsisgenerallythestudyoflanguag

3、easawhole.6.Generallinguisticswhichrelatesitselftotheresearchofotherareasstudiesthebasicconceptstheiesdeionsmodelsmethodsapplicableinanylinguisticstudy.7.Phoicsisdifferentfromphonologyinthatthelatterstudiesthecombination

4、softhesoundstoconveymeaningincommunication.8.Mphologystudieshowwdscanbefmedtoproducemeaningfulsentences.9.Thestudyofthewaysinwhichmphemescanbecombinedtofmwdsiscalledmphology.10.Syntaxisdifferentfrommphologyinthatthefmern

5、otonlystudiesthemphemesbutalsothecombinationofmphemesintowdswdsintosentences.11.Thestudyofmeaninginlanguageisknownassemantics.12.Bothsemanticspragmaticsstudymeanings.13.Pragmaticsisdifferentfromsemanticsinthatpragmaticss

6、tudiesmeaningnotinisolationbutincontext.14.Socialchangescanoftenbringaboutlanguagechanges.15.Sociolinguisticsisthestudyoflanguageinrelationtosociety.16.Modernlinguisticsismostlypreivebutsometimesdeive.17.Modernlinguistic

7、sisdifferentfromtraditionalgrammar.18.Adiachronicstudyoflanguageisthedeionoflanguageatsomepointintime.19.Modernlinguisticsregardsthewrittenlanguageasprimarynotthewrittenlanguage.20.Thedistinctionbetweencompetenceperfmanc

8、ewasproposedbyF.deSaussure.Ⅱ.Fillineachofthefollowingblankswithonewdwhichbeginswiththelettergiven:21.Chomskydefines“competence”astheidealuser’sk__________oftherulesofhislanguage.22.Languereferstothea__________linguistics

9、ystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunitywhiletheparoleistheconcreteuseoftheconventionsapplicationoftherules.23.D_________isoneofthedesignfeaturesofhumanlanguagewhichreferstothephenomenonthatlanguageconsistsoftwolevel

10、s:alowerlevelofmeaninglessindividualsoundsahigherlevelofmeaningfulunits.24.Languageisasystemofa_________vocalsymbolsusedfhumancommunication.25.Thedisciplinethatstudiestherulesgoverningthefmationofwdsintopermissiblesenten

11、cesinlanguagesiscalleds________.26.Humancapacityflanguagehasag_______basisbutthedetailsoflanguagehavetobetaughtlearned.27.P_______referstotherealizationoflangueinactualuse.28.Findingsinlinguisticstudiescanoftenbeappliedt

12、othesettlementofsomepracticalproblems.Thestudyofsuchapplicationsisgenerallyknownasa________linguistics.61.Languageisgenerallydefinedasasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedfhumancommunication.Explainitindetail.62.Whatarethed

13、esignfeaturesofhumanlanguageIllustratethemwithexamples.63.Howismodernlinguisticsdifferentfromtraditionalgrammar64.Howdoyouunderstthedistinctionbetweenasynchronicstudyadiachronicstudy65.Whydoesmodernlinguisticsregardthesp

14、okenfmoflanguageasprimarynotthewritten66.Whatarethemajdistinctionsbetweenlangueparole67.Howdoyouunderstcompetenceperfmance68.Saussure’sdistinctionbetweenlangueparoleseemssimilartoChomsky’sdistinctionbetweencompetenceperf

15、mance.Whatdoyouthinkaretheirmajdifferences69.DoyouthinkhumanlanguageisentirelyarbitraryWhyChapter2PhonologyⅠ.DecidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsisTrueFalse:1.Voicingisaphonologicalfeaturethatdistinguishesmeaninginb

16、othChineseEnglish.2.Iftwophoicallysimilarsoundsoccurinthesameenvironmentstheydistinguishmeaningtheyaresaidtobeincomplementarydistribution.3.Aphoneisaphoicunitthatdistinguishesmeaning.4.EnglishisatonelanguagewhileChinesei

17、snot.1.語言的普遍特征：任意性arbitrariness雙層結(jié)構(gòu)duality既由聲音和意義結(jié)構(gòu)多產(chǎn)性productivity移位性displacement:我們能用語言可以表達(dá)許多不在場的東西文化傳播性culturaltransmission2。語言的功能：傳達(dá)信息功能infmative人濟(jì)功能：interpersonal行事功能：Perfmative表情功能：Emotive寒暄功能：Phatic娛樂功能recreatinal元

18、語言功能metalingual3.語言學(xué)linguistics：包括六個分支語音學(xué)Phoics音位學(xué)phonology形態(tài)學(xué)Mphology句法學(xué)syntax語義學(xué)semantics語用學(xué)pragmatics4.現(xiàn)代結(jié)構(gòu)主義語言學(xué)創(chuàng)始人：Ferdindesaussure提出語言學(xué)中最重要的概念對之一：語言與言語languageparole，語言之語言系統(tǒng)的整體，言語則只待某個個體在實際語言使用環(huán)境中說出的具體話語5.語法創(chuàng)始人：Noam

19、Chomsky提出概念語言能力與語言運用competenceperfmance1.Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbeusedtodescribedisplacement.oneoftheuniquepropertiesoflanguage:a.wecaneasilyteachourchildrentolearnacertainlanguageb.wecanusebothshutreetodescribe

20、thesamething.c.wecanuselanguagetorefertosomethingnotpresentd.wecanproducesentencesthathaveneverbeenheardbefe.2.Whatisthemostimptantfunctionoflanguagea.interpersonalb.phaticc.infmatived.metallingual3.Thefunctionofthesente