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1、DESIGNEXECUTIONOFGROUNDINVESTIGATIONFEARTHWKSPAULQUIGLEYFGSIrishGeotechnicalServicesLtdABSTRACTThedesignexecutionofgroundinvestigationwksfearthwkprojectshasbecomeincreasinglyimptantastheavailabilityofsuitabledisposalarea

2、sbecomeslimitedcostsofimptingengineeringfillincrease.Anoutlineofgroundinvestigationmethodswhichcanaugment‘traditionalinvestigationmethods’particularlyfglacialtillboulderclaysoilsispresented.Theissueof‘geotechnicalcertifi

3、cation’israisedrecommendationsoutlinedonitsmeritsfincpationwithgroundinvestigationsearthwks.1.INTRODUCTIONTheinvestigationreuseevaluationofmanyIrishboulderclaysoilspresentsdifficultiesfboththegeotechnicalengineertheroadd

4、esignengineer.Theseglacialtillboulderclaysoilsaremainlyoflowplasticityhaveparticlesizesrangingfromclaytoboulders.Mostofourboulderclaysoilscontainvaryingproptionsofsgravelcobblesbouldersinaclaysiltmatrix.Theamountoffinesg

5、overnstheirbehaviourthesiltcontentmakesitveryweathersusceptible.Moisturecontentscanbehighlyvariablerangingfromaslowas7%fthehardgreyblackDublinboulderclayupto2025%flSouthWestNthWestlightgreyboulderclaydeposits.Theabilityo

6、fboulderclaysoilstotakeinfreewateriswellestablishedpoplanningofearthwksoftenamplifiesthis.Thefinesoilconstituentsaregenerallysensitivetosmallincreasesinmoisturecontentwhichoftenleadtolossinstrengthrenderthesoilsunsuitabl

7、efreuseasengineeringfill.Manyofourboulderclaysoils(especiallythosewithintermediatetypesiltsfinesmatrix)havebeenrejectedattheionstagebutgoodplanningshowsthattheycaninfactfulfilspecificationrequirementsintermsofcompactions

8、trength.Theionprocessshouldaimtomaximisetheuseoflocallyavailablesoilswithcarefulevaluationitispossibletouseincpate‘pomarginalsoils’withinfillareasembankments.Fillmaterialneedstobeplacedatamoisturecontentsuchthatitisneith

9、ertoowettobestabletrafficabletoodrytobeproperlycompacted.Highmoisturecontentlowstrengthboulderclaysoilscanbesuitablefuseasfillinlowheightembankments(i.e.2to2.5m)butnotsuitableftraffickingbyearthwkplantwithoutusingageotex

10、tileseparatgranularfillcappinglayer.Henceitisvitalthattheearthwkscontractfullyunderststhehlingpropertiesofthesoilsasfmanyprojectsthisiseffectivelygovernedbythetrafficabilityofearthmovingequipment.difficultiesindescribing

11、‘mixedsoils’–thefinesoilconstituentswhichgoverntheengineeringbehaviournowtakespriityoverparticlesize.Akeyparameter(whichisoftenunderestimated)inclassifyingunderstingthesesoilsispermeability(K).Inspectionoftheparticlesize

12、gradingswillindicatemagnitudeofpermeability.Wherepossibletriaxialcelltestsshouldbecarriedoutoneitherundisturbedsamples(U100’s)goodqualitycesamplestoevaluatethedrainageacteristicsofthesoilsaccurately.Lowplasticityboulderc

13、laysoilsofintermediatepermeability(i.e.Kofthederof105to107ms)canoftenbe‘conditioned’bydrainagemeasures.Thisusuallyentailstheinstallationofperimeterdrainssumpsatcutareasbrowpitssoastoreducethemoisturecontent.Hencewithsmal

14、lreductioninmoisturecontentdifficultglacialtillsoilscanbecomesuitableasengineeringfill.4.ENGINEERINGPERFMANCETESTINGOFSOILSLabatytestingisverymuchdictatedbytheproposedendusefthesoils.TheengineeringparameterssetoutinTable

15、6.1pftheNRASRWincludeacombinationofthefollowing:?Moisturecontent?Particlesizegrading?PlasticLimit?CBR?Compaction(relatingtooptimumMC)?RemouldedundrainedshearstrengthAnumberofkeyfactsshouldbebneinmindwhenschedulinglabatyt

16、esting:?CompactionCBRMCVtestsarecarriedouton20mmsizematerial.?Moisturecontentvaluesshouldrelateto20mmsizematerialtoprovideavalidcomparison.?Pepressuresarenottakenintoaccountduringcompactionmayvaryconsiderablybetweenlabat

17、yfield.?Preparationmethodsfsoiltestingmustbeclearlystipulatedagreedwiththedesignatedlabaty.Greatcaremustbetakenwhendeterminingmoisturecontentofboulderclaysoils.Ideallythemoisturecontentshouldberelatedtotheparticlesizehav

18、eacrespondinggradinganalysisfdirectcomparisonalthoughthisisnotalwayspractical.InthemajityofcasestheMCVwhenusedwithcompactiondataisconsideredtoofferthebestmethodofestablishing(checking)thesuitabilityacteristicsofaboulderc

19、laysoil.MCVtestingduringtrialpittingisstronglyrecommendedasitprovidesarapidassessmentofthesoilsuitabilitydirectlyafterexcavation.MCVcalibrationcanthenbecarriedoutinthelabatyatvariousmoisturecontentincrements.Sampledistur

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