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1、附錄ATheColdChainitsLogisticsAuths:Dr.JeanPaulRodriguezDr.TheoNotteboom1.OverviewWhileGlobalizationhasmadetherelativedistancebetweenregionsofthewldmuchsmallerthephysicalseparationofthesesameregionsisstillaveryimptantrealit

2、y.Thegreaterthephysicalseparationthemelikelyfreightcanbedamagedinoneofthecomplextransptoperationsinvolved.Somegoodscanbedamagedbyshockswhileotherscanbedamagedbyunduetemperaturevariations.Farangeofgoodslabeledasperishable

3、sparticularlyfoodtheirqualitydegradeswithtimesincetheymaintainchemicalreactionswhichratecanbemostlymitigatedwithlowertemperatures.Ittakestimecodinationtoefficientlymoveashipmenteverydelaycanhavenegativeconsequencesnotabl

4、yifthiscargoisperishable.Toensurethatcargodoesnotbecomedamagedcompromisedthroughoutthisprocessbusinessesinthepharmaceuticalmedicalfoodindustriesareincreasinglyrelyingonthecoldchaintechnology.Thecoldchainreferstothetransp

5、tationoftemperaturesensitiveproductsalongasupplychainthroughthermalrefrigeratedpackagingmethodsthelogisticalplanningtoprotecttheintegrityoftheseshipments.Specializationhasledmanycompaniestonotonlyrelyonmajshippingservice

6、providerssuchastheUnitedParcelService(UPS)FEDEXbutalsomefocusedindustryspecialiststhathavedevelopedanichelogisticalexpertisearoundtheshippingoftemperaturesensitiveproducts.Thepotentialtounderstlocalrulescustomsenvironmen

7、talconditionsaswellasanestimationofthelengthtimeofadistributionroutemakethemanimptantfactinglobaltrade.Asaresultthelogisticsindustryisexperiencingagrowinglevelofspecializationsegmentationofcoldchainshippinginseveralpoten

8、tialnichemarketswithinglobalcommoditychains.Wholenewsegmentsofthedistributionindustryhavebeenveryactiveintakingadvantageofthedualdevelopmentofthespatialextensionofincitedmanyofthesecompaniestorelyonspecialtycouriersrathe

9、rthancompletelyoverhaulingtheirsupplychainfacilities.Aspecializedindustrywasthusbn.Thevalueofthecoldchaininthepreservationofexpensivevaccinesmedicalsupplieswasonlybeginningtoberecognizedwhentheselogisticalprovidersstarte

10、dtoappear.Asawarenessbegantogrowsodidtheneedfefficientmanagementofthecoldchain.Therelianceonthecoldchaincontinuestogainimptance.Withinthepharmaceuticalindustryfinstancethetestingproductionmovementofdrugsreliesheavilyonco

11、ntrolleduncompromisedtransferofshipments.Alargeptionofthepharmaceuticalproductsthatmovealongthecoldchainareintheexperimentdevelopmentalphase.Clinicalresearchtrialsisamajpartoftheindustrythatcostsmillionsofdollarsbutoneth

12、atalsoexperiencesafailurerateofaround80%.AccdingtotheHealthcareDistributionManagementAssociationofthecloseto200billiondollarsinpharmaceuticaldistributionabout10%aredrugsthataretemperaturesensitive.Thismakesthecoldchainre

13、sponsibleftransptinganear20billiondollarinvestment.Iftheseshipmentsshouldexperienceanyunanticipatedexposuretovarianttemperaturelevelstheyruntheriskofbecomingineffectiveevenharmfultopatients.Temperaturecontrolintheshipmen

14、toffoodstuffsisacomponentoftheindustrythathascontinuedtoriseinnecessitywithinternationaltrade.Asagrowingnumberofcountriesfocustheirexpteconomyaroundfoodproduceproductiontheneedtokeeptheseproductsfreshfextendedperiodsofti

15、mehasgainedinimptance.Increasingincomelevelscreateachangeindietwithamongstothersagrowingappetiteffreshfruithighervaluefoodstuffssuchasmeatfish.Personswithhighersocioeconomicstatuswithmeeconomicmeansaremelikelytoconsumeve

16、getablesfruitparticularlyfreshnotonlyinhigherquantitiesbutalsoingreatervariety.Consumerswithincreasingpurchasepowerhavebecomepreoccupiedwithhealthyeatingtherefeproducersretailershaverespondedwithanarrayofexoticfreshfruit

17、siginatingfromaroundthewld.AnymajgrocerystearoundthewldislikelytocarrytangerinesfromSouthAfricaapplesfromNewZealbananasfromCostaRicaasparagusfromMexico.Thusacoldchainindustryhasemergedtoservicethesecommoditychains.In2002

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