【astm標(biāo)準(zhǔn)】d 5185 - 13e1

1、Designation:D5185?131StardTestMethodfMultielementDeterminationofUsedUnusedLubricatingOilsBaseOilsbyInductivelyCoupledPlasmaAtomicEmissionSpectrometry(ICPAES)1ThisstardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationD5185thenumberimmedia

2、telyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearofiginaladoptioninthecaseofrevisiontheyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperepsilon()indicatesaneditialchangesincethelastrevisionreapprov

3、al.ThisstardhasbeenapprovedfusebyagenciesoftheU.S.DepartmentofDefense.ε1NOTE—Table4waseditiallycrectedinApril2014.INTRODUCTIONCostsassociatedwithmaintenanceduetoenginemachinewearcanbesignificant.Therefediagnosticmethodsf

4、determiningtheconditionofenginesothermachinerycanbeimptant.Thistestmethodisintendedtoquantifyfthepurposeofequipmentmonitingtheconcentrationofmetalsinusedlubricatingoils.Althoughtheprecisionstatementwasdeterminedbyanalyzi

5、ngavarietyofusedoilsthistestmethodcaninprinciplebeusedftheanalysisofunusedoilstoprovidemecompleteelementalcompositiondatathanTestMethodsD4628D4927D4951.1.Scope1.1Thistestmethodcoversthedeterminationofadditiveelementswear

6、metalscontaminantsinusedunusedlubricatingoilsbaseoilsbyinductivelycoupledplasmaatomicemissionspectrometry(ICPAES).ThespecificelementsarelistedinTable1.1.2ThistestmethodcoversthedeterminationofedelementslistedinTable1inre

7、refinedvirginbaseoils.1.3Fanalysisofanyelementusingwavelengthsbelow190nmavacuuminertgasopticalpathisrequired.Thedeterminationofsodiumpotassiumisnotpossibleonsomeinstrumentshavingalimitedspectralrange.1.4Thistestmethoduse

8、soilsolublemetalsfcalibrationdoesnotpurpttoquantitativelydetermineinsolubleparticulates.Analyticalresultsareparticlesizedependentlowresultsareobtainedfparticleslargerthanafewmicrometers.21.5Elementspresentatconcentration

9、sabovetheupperlimitofthecalibrationcurvescanbedeterminedwithadditionalappropriatedilutionswithnodegradationofprecision.1.6FelementsotherthancalciumsulfurzincthelowlimitslistedinTable2Table3wereestimatedtobetentimestherep

10、eatabilitystarddeviation.Fcalciumsulfurzincthelowlimitsrepresentthelowestconcentrationstestedintheinterlabatystudy.1.7ThevaluesstatedinSIunitsaretoberegardedasstard.Nootherunitsofmeasurementareincludedinthisstard.1.8This

11、starddoesnotpurpttoaddressallofthesafetyconcernsifanyassociatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstardtoestablishappropriatesafetyhealthpracticesdeterminetheapplicabilityofregulatylimitationspritouse.Specifi

12、cwarningstatementsaregivenin6.18.28.4.2.ReferencedDocuments2.1ASTMStards:3C1109PracticefAnalysisofAqueousLeachatesfromNuclearWasteMaterialsUsingInductivelyCoupledPlasmaAtomicEmissionSpectroscopyD1552TestMethodfSulfurinPe

13、troleumProducts(HighTemperatureMethod)D4057PracticefManualSamplingofPetroleumPetroleumProducts1ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD02onPetroleumProductsLiquidFuelsLubricantsisthedirectresponsibilityofSubc

14、ommitteeD02.03onElementalAnalysis.CurrenteditionapprovedSept.152013.PublishedSeptember2013.iginallyapprovedin1991.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2009asD5185–09.DOI:10.1520D518513E01.2EisentrautK.J.NewmanR.W.SabaC.S.Kauffma

15、nR.E.RhineW.E.AnalyticalChemistryVol561984.3FreferencedASTMstardsvisittheASTMwebsitewww.astm.gcontactASTMCustomerServiceat.FAnnualBookofASTMStardsvolumeinfmationrefertothestard’sDocumentSummarypageontheASTMwebsite.ASumma

16、ryofChangessectionappearsattheendofthisstardCopyright?ASTMInternational100BarrHarbDrivePOBoxC700WestConshohockenPA194282959.UnitedStates13.2.10profiling—atechniquethatdeterminesthewavelengthfwhichthesignalintensitymeasur

17、edfaparticularanalyteisamaximum.3.2.11radiofrequency(RF)—therangeoffrequenciesbetweentheaudioinfraredranges(3kHzto300GHz).3.2.12wearmetal—anelementintroducedintotheoilbywearofoilwettedparts.4.SummaryofTestMethod4.1Aweigh

18、edptionofathoughlyhomogenizedusedunusedlubricatingoilbaseoilisdilutedtenfoldbyweightwithmixedxylenesothersuitablesolvent.Stardsarepreparedinthesamemanner.Amatyinternalstardisaddedtothesolutionstocompensatefvariationsinte

19、stspecimenintroductionefficiency.ThesolutionsareintroducedtotheICPinstrumentbyfreeaspirationanoptionalperistalticpump.Bycomparingemissionintensitiesofelementsinthetestspecimenwithemissionintensitiesmeasuredwiththestardst

20、heconcentrationsofelementsinthetestspecimenarecalculable.4.2StardoperatingparametersotherconsiderationstobeconsideredinusingICPAEStechniquearegiveninPracticeD72605.SignificanceUse5.1Thistestmethodcoverstherapiddeterminat

21、ionof22elementsinusedunusedlubricatingoilsbaseoilsitprovidesrapidscreeningofusedoilsfindicationsofwear.Testtimesapproximateafewminutespertestspecimendetectabilityfmostelementsisinthelowmgkgrange.Inadditionthistestmethodc

22、oversawidevarietyofmetalsinvirginrerefinedbaseoils.Twentytwoelementscanbedeterminedrapidlywithtesttimesapproximatingseveralminutespertestspecimen.5.2Whenthepredominantsourceofadditiveelementsinusedlubricatingoilsistheadd

23、itivepackagesignificantdifferencesbetweentheconcentrationsoftheadditiveelementstheirrespectivespecificationscanindicatethattheincrectoilisbeingused.Theconcentrationsofwearmetalscanbeindicativeofabnmalweariftherearebaseli

24、neconcentrationdatafcomparison.Amarkedincreaseinbonsodiumpotassiumlevelscanbeindicativeofcontaminationasaresultofcoolantleakageintheequipment.Thistestmethodcanbeusedtomonitequipmentconditiondefinewhencrectiveactionsarene

25、eded.5.2.1ThesignificanceofmetalanalysisinusedlubricatingoilsistabulatedinTable4.5.3Theconcentrationsofmetalsinrerefinedbaseoilscanbeindicativeoftheefficiencyofthererefiningprocess.Thistestmethodcanbeusedtodetermineifthe

26、baseoilmeetsspecificationswithrespecttometalcontent.6.Interferences6.1Spectral—CheckallspectralinterferencesexpectedfromtheelementslistedinTable1.Followthemanufacturer’soperatingguidetodevelopapplycrectionfactstocompensa

27、teftheinterferences.ToapplyinterferencecrectionsallconcentrationsmustbewithinthepreviouslyestablishedlinearresponserangeofeachelementlistedinTable1.(Warning—Crectprofilingisimptanttorevealspectralinterferencesfromhighcon

28、centrationsofadditiveelementsonthespectrallinesusedfdeterminingwearmetals.)6.1.1Spectralinterferencescanusuallybeavoidedbyjudiciouschoiceofanalyticalwavelengths.Whenspectralinterferencescannotbeavoidedthenecessarycrectio

29、nsshouldbemadeusingthecomputersoftwaresuppliedbytheinstrumentmanufacturertheempiricalmethoddescribedbelow.DetailsoftheempiricalmethodaregiveninTestMethodC1109byBoumans.4Thisempiricalcrectionmethodcannotbeusedwithscanning

30、spectrometersystemswhenboththeanalyticalinterferinglinescannotbelocatedpreciselyreproducibly.Withanyinstrumenttheanalyst4BoumansP.W.J.M.“CrectionsfSpectralInterferencesinOpticalEmissionSpectrometrywithSpecialReferencetot

31、heRFInductivelyCoupledPlasma”SpectrochimicaActa1976Vol31Bpp.147–152.TABLE4WearMetals(Elements)inUsedLubricatingOilsElementsWearIndicationAluminumPistonbearingswearpushrodsaircoolerpumphosingsoilpumpsgearcastingsboxcastin

32、gsAntimonyCrankshaftcamshaftbearingsBonCoolantleakageinsystemCadmiumBearingsChromiumRingwearcoolingsystemleakagechromiumplatedpartsinaircraftenginescylinderlinerssealringsCopperWearinbushingsinjectshieldscoolantcetubesth

33、rustwashersvalveguidesconnectingrodspistonringsbearingssleevesbearingcagesIronWearfromengineblockcylindergearscylinderlinersvalveguideswristpinsringscamshaftoilpumpcrankshaftballrollerbearingsrustLeadBearingsfuelblowbyth

34、rustbearingsbearingcagesbearingretainersMagnesiumCylinderlinergearboxhousingsinaircraftenginesMolybdenumWearinbearingalloysinoilcoolersvariousmolybdenumalloyedcomponentsinaircraftenginespistonringsNickelBearingsvalvesgea

35、rplatingsSiliconDirtintrusionfromimproperaircleanersealmaterialsSilver?WristpinbearingsinrailroadautoenginessilverplottedsplinelubricatingpumpSodiumAntifreezeleakageTinBearingscoatingsofconnectingrodsironpistonsTitaniumV