2019交通運(yùn)輸外文翻譯-探索利用先進(jìn)的交通信息系統(tǒng)管理發(fā)展中國(guó)家的交通擁堵

1、3500 英文單詞， 英文單詞，19500 英文字符，中文 英文字符，中文 6000 字文獻(xiàn)出處： 文獻(xiàn)出處：Ackaah W. Exploring the Use of Advanced Traffic Information System to Manage Traffic Congestion in Developing Countries[J]. Scientific African, 2019: e00079.Explorin

2、g the use of advanced traffic information system to manage traffic congestion in developing countriesWilliams AckaahAbstractPresently, advanced traveler information system (ATIS) is extensively used elsewhere and is rega

3、rded as an important component for road traffic control and management. ATIS uses information and communication technology to broadcast traveler information to commuters to help them in scheduling their trips and also of

4、fer directions on the way. Information provided by ATIS may include: traffic condition (which may be presented in queue length, travel time, or delay), incidents such as road traffic crash and their geographical location

5、s, events such as road construction and demonstrations, optimal routes, and inclement weather which may disrupt traffic. The traffic information may be transmitted via mechanisms such as radio and television, dynamic na

6、vigation systems (in-vehicle or mounted), internet services, smart phone services (e.g. specially designed application) and variable speed limit or changeable message signs systems. Providing commuters with accurate, tim

7、ely and reliable traffic information will influence travel behavior and ultimately result in reduced travel time and traffic congestion along with reduced vehicle emissions and fuel consumption. Notwithstanding the benef

8、its which can be derived from using intelligent transport systems to manage traffic, its use can be described as being in the basic stage in most developing countries. This paper discusses how ATIS can play a vital role

9、of efforts to reduce traffic congestion in emerging nations.Keywords: Traffic information；Traffic management；Congestion；Floating car data；Developing countriesIntroductionRoad traffic congestion in most cities in developi

10、ng countries keeps on increasing because the number of people owning cars keep increasing. Congestion may occur when there are more vehicles than the road can accommodate (demand > supply). It may also be caused by a

11、bottleneck (e.g., merging or weaving areas, on-ramps, road traffic crashes, and construction works) on a section of the roadway. Congestion is undesirable and may cause delay, environmental pollution, noise and even frus

12、trate motorists and commuters which also have health implications. It may also lead to road traffic crashes and degradation of the road infrastructure.Whereas congestion caused by bottlenecks can be resolved by simply re

13、moving the bottleneck, congestion resulting from capacity problem are more challenging to deal with. Traditional attempts to deal with the issue have focused on building new roads and expanding existing ones. Meanwhile,

14、the ceaseless increase in demand for mobility has also meant that traffic keeps on increasing. Budgetary constraints and space make it practically unfeasible to expand the road infrastructure every time to cater for the

15、growing traffic demand, and it is now not considered as a viable option. Expansion of existing or construction of new roads does not have only financial burden on the government, but also social impact on the community.

16、Displacement and resettlement of the affected residents, relocation of businesses and community services (e.g., parks and churches) may have social and psychological impacts due to the disruption of social relationship,

17、and establishing relationships in a new social environment [1,2]. Studies have changeable message signs, etc. in the literature use dynamic speed limits to control traffic based on the prevailing traffic condition [2,14,

18、15,16]. Further to the speed limits, some VSL systems may display information signs which provide warning on potentially dangerous conditions on the way. Other information such as construction works, delay, travel time,

19、and route guidance could also be shown by a VSL system. The VSL control device, which is mostly installed on overhead gantries across the carriageway, may also implement dynamic truck restrictions which require heavy goo

20、ds vehicles not to overtake or use designated lanes during peak periods. Fig. 1 shows an example of variable speed limit or changeable message signs system in Germany.Dynamic navigation systemsIn-vehicle or mounted navig

21、ation devices are also used to provide motorists static or dynamic route guidance. Static route guidance is concerned with providing navigational assistance to motorists who may be unfamiliar with a road network. A geogr

22、aphical database of the road network and its characteristics such as speed limits, distances, and road class is required. Here, the traffic situation is not taken into consideration. Routing is mainly dependent on the sh

23、ortest or direct travel time path to the destination. Dynamic navigational systems, on the other hand, take into consideration, the traffic situation in deciding the minimal time route. Information on the prevailing traf