[雙語翻譯]--家暴外文翻譯---生活在家庭暴力之下的兒童是如何被強制性控制手段傷害并奮起反抗的（原文）

1、Beyond the Physical Incident Model: How Children Living with Domestic Violence are Harmed By and Resist Regimes of Coercive ControlThis article begins to build knowledge of how non-violent coercive controlling behaviours

2、 can be central to children’s experiences of domestic violence. It considers how children can be harmed by, and resist, coercive controlling tactics perpetrated by their father/ father-figure against their mother. Alread

3、y, we know much about how women/mothers experience non-physical forms of domestic violence, including psychological/emotional/verbal and financial abuse, isolation and monitoring of their activities. However, this knowle

4、dge has not yet reached most research on children and domestic violence, which tends to focus on children’s exposure to physical violence. In this qualitative study, 30 participants from the UK, 15 mothers and 15 of thei

5、r children (most aged 10–14) who had separated from domestic violence perpetrators, participated in semi-structured interviews. All participants were living in the community. Using the ‘Framework’ approach to thematicall

6、y analyse the data, findings indicated that perpetrators’/fathers’ coercive control often prevented children from spending time with their mothers and grandparents, visiting other children’s houses and engaging in extra-

7、 curricular activities. These non-violent behaviours from perpetrators/fathers placed children in isolated, disempowering and constrained worlds which could hamper children’s resilience and development and contribute to

8、emotional/behavioural problems. Implications for practice and the need to empower children in these circumstances are discussed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley that is, violence sparked by situational factors and wher

9、e control is not a primary motivation (Myhill, 2015). Coercive control is a particularly harmful form of domestic violence (Lehmann et al., 2012), and is usually perpetrated by men (Myhill, 2015; Hester, 2009). It is kno

10、wn to involve a range of tactics intended to intimidate, humiliate, degrade, exploit, isolate and control (Stark, 2009). These include verbal, emotional and psychological abuse, control of time, space and movement, conti

11、nual monitoring, stalking, physical violence, intimidation and threats of violence against the victim/survivor, their loved ones and property, rape, sexual coerciveness and control of pregnancy, financial abuse and the d

12、enial of resources, and isolation from sources of support (Matheson et al., 2015; Sanders, 2015; Thomas et al., 2014; Stark, 2007, 2012; Lehmann et al., 2012; Miller et al., 2010). Although some perpetrators use physical

13、 violence frequently, others use little or none; instead, preferring to maintain dominance over their partner through more insidious methods such as psychological abuse and the control of time, movement and activities (W

14、estmarland and Kelly, 2013). Perpetrators of coercive control engage in minimising, denying and blaming others for their abusive behaviours (Lehmann et al., 2012), may claim to be the real victim in the relationship (Ban

15、croft et al., 2012; Morris, 2009) and can present themselves as charming and heroic (Morris, 2009; Stark, 2007). Rather than arising from conflict or stress, coercive control is used to suppress potential conflicts or ch

16、allenges to perpetrators’ authority (Stark, 2007). The range of abuses involved mean that victims/survivors tend to experience control-based domestic violence as ongoing and cumulative rather than as episodic (Morris, 20

17、09; Stark, 2007, 2009). Coercive control can have devastating impacts on victims/survivors. In addition to its well-documented effects on physical and mental health (Dillon et al., 2013), Westmarland and Kelly (2013) hig

18、hlight that coercive control limits victims’/survivors’ ‘space for action’, that is their freedom to say and do things and to meet their own needs without worry or fear. As perpetrators microregulate their everyday behav

19、iours (Stark, 2007), victims’/survivors’ options, choices and ability to decide for themselves diminish. These constraints on their agency and voice often contribute to a profound disempowerment, loss of self and loss of

20、 confidence in victims/survivors (Matheson et al., 2015; Westmarland and Kelly, 2013).‘The physical incidentmodel is harmfulbecause it ignores themany non-physicalforms of abuseinherent to coercivecontrol’‘[Coercive cont

21、rol] isknown to involve arange of tacticsintended to intimidate,humiliate, degrade,exploit, isolate andcontrol’‘Victims/survivorstend to experiencecontrol-baseddomestic violence asongoing andcumulative rather thanas epis