[雙語(yǔ)翻譯]外文翻譯--水工建筑施工與維修的創(chuàng)新解決方案

1、4750 英文單詞， 英文單詞，2.5 萬(wàn)英文字符，中文 萬(wàn)英文字符，中文 7400 字文獻(xiàn)出處： 文獻(xiàn)出處：Müller H S, Bohner E, Vogel M, et al. Innovative Solutions for the Construction and the Repair of Hydraulic Structures [J]. Procedia Engineering, 2013, 54:22-38

2、.Innovative Solutions for the Construction and the Repair of Hydraulic StructuresHarald S. Müller, Edgar Bohner, Michael Vogel, Vladislav Kvitsel, SolichinAbstractHydraulic structures underlie extraordinary conditio

3、ns due to their prominent function and exposure. Thus, high demands have to be made both on construction and maintenance or repair of the structures, respectively. In order to fulfill these demands new and special techno

4、logies have to be developed that ensure an effective construction and guarantee to meet the planned service life of the building required by the owner.Against this background two innovative methods for both construction

5、and repair of hydraulic concrete structures are presented in the present paper. The methods are based on modern concrete technology and enable to either build concrete dams in flowing water or perform concrete repair bel

6、ow the water level. Both methods were developed at the Institute of Concrete Structures and Building Materials at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Germany and were applied in practice for construction of the

7、Bribin underground hydropower plant in Indonesia and for repair of the river hydropower plant of Albbruck-Dogern in Germany.Keywords: hydraulic structure, concrete, concrete technology, durability, maintenance, repair co

8、ncrete, repair technology, monitoring1. Part I – Construction of Cofferdams in Flowing Water1.1 Preliminary remarkWithin the scope of a German-Indonesian joint project, funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education

9、and Research (BMBF), a hydropower plant with an underground concrete barrage was initiated, planned and built during the years 2002 to 2006 in the Bribin cave near the city of Wonosari, Indonesia. During the dry season,

10、it provides an urgently required water supply for the karst region Gunung Sewu in central Java (Müller et al. 2008; Nestmann et al. 2008). In the meantime the pilot plant has been successfully tested and operated an

11、d was commissioned to the Indonesian government in March 2010 (Nestmann et al. 2011).It was the general task of the Institute of Concrete Structures and Building Materials at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) t

12、o develop and provide the principles to construct the concrete barrage based on locally available building materials and technologies. Due to the extraordinary conditions of the underground construction site with a year-

13、round aquiferous river, poor accessibility and little working space, the technological options were furthermore restricted. Due to the implementation of exceptional technological solutions, the barrage could be finished

14、despite earthquake and flood events and has proved its serviceability during operation within the last years (Bohner et al. 2009; Breiner et al. 2011).One technological solution, which will be subsequently presented in d

15、etail, was required Figure 1. Sketch of the structure of the hydro power plant (longitudinal section, without hydraulic components) with the functional elements cofferdam, flood relief line, barrage and platform with val

16、ve chamberIn this procedure a bulk of rough, crushed rock material (maximum aggregate size 150 mm) is placed on the river bed after it has been cleared from gravel and loose rocks and cleaned from sediment by water jetti

17、ng. The so called prepacked assembly leads to a significantly reduced flow velocity of the river water in the hollow spaces in the resulting grain structure. The aim of the approach is to reduce the flow velocity of t

18、he water so much that mortar can be filled between the prepacked rock material without being washed out before hardening.The flow velocity can be even more decreased if a geotextile (e. g. jute) is applied on the shoulde

19、rs of the dam, which is in addition loaded with sandbags or with a bulk of small-grained gravel (see Figure 2). Afterwards a flowable, hardly segregating and erosion-resistant cement mortar is filled in between the loose

20、 rock material through tubes which are installed vertically into the bulk beforehand. The mortar displaces the water in the hollow spaces in the grain structure and subsequently hardens to complete the desired cofferdam

21、s (see Figure 2).Figure 2. Schematic drawing of a cofferdam constructed in flowing water with prepacked concreteDuring construction of the cofferdams the river water is initially flowing through parts of the prepacked ro

22、ck dam being not yet filled with mortar. When progressing the filling of mortar the water is increasingly directed through the flood relief lines which are designed to drain the entire discharge during the construction p

23、rocess, and which had been placed before the cofferdam construction was started.1.4 Mix design of cement mortarThe mix design of the cement mortar has to be specially adjusted to exclude flushing and segregation of the m

24、ortar as well as a noteworthy increase of the water/cement-ratio which as a consequence would lead to a poor strength of the cofferdam structure.By means of comprehensive preliminary tests a suitable mix design was devel

25、oped (see Table 1). Besides ordinary Portland cement (CEM I 32.5 R) it includes sand with a maximum aggregate size of 2 mm, water and carefully adjusted amounts of underwater- compound and superplasticizer based on polyc