[雙語翻譯]大數(shù)據(jù)外文翻譯--中小企業(yè)增長的大數(shù)據(jù)概述

1、英文 英文 4500 單詞， 單詞，2.4 萬英文字符，中文 萬英文字符，中文 7900 字文獻(xiàn)出處： 文獻(xiàn)出處：Sen D, Ozturk M, Vayvay O. An Overview of Big Data for Growth in SMEs [J]. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2016, 235:159-167.An Overview of Big Data for

2、 Growth in SMEsDoruk Sen, Melike Ozturk, Ozalp VayvayAbstractPotentials and promises of Big Data are significant for SMEs. Big Data can nurture alliance in SMEs by creating real-time solutions to challenges in every indu

3、stry. This can be achieved by utilizing the openness for decision-making. SMEs are specifically selected within context for two main reasons: a) A small change in SMEs can have larger macro level effect due to their over

4、all position in the economy; b) They have the advantage and flexibility for quicker adaptation to changes towards efficiency. The Big Data context, however, still have significant contentious issues as; storage, capabili

5、ties of the companies in terms of processing and generating sensible information from it, and last but not least, security and privacy. This article is aimed to propose grounds for future Big Data research for SMEs by ex

6、amining main potentials and threats that have to be addressed. Finally, we recommend potential practices that will help SMEs and researchers for capturing the full potential of Big Data.Keywords: Big Data ; SME ; Growth1

7、. IntroductionWe are having a huge information explosion across the world. Before communication era –often stated as 20-30 years ago– the amount of information was increasing arithmetically. Today, information is expandi

8、ng in geometric series. 10 years ago, telescopes were able to draw the map of the universe with 50% confidence. Today, this number is increased to 90%. In 2000, the most developed telescope in the world was located in Ne

9、w Mexico, USA – Apache Point Observatory-. Within a month time, it was able to provide more data than all historical data of modern astronomy.Nowadays, something different is being faced. ALMA Observatory-located in Atac

10、ama Desert, Chile- will produce more data than astronomy history in every five days. ALMA is also 10 times stronger than Hubble in resolution (Kastrenakes, 2013). However, making sense of this information, processing it

11、 in a systematic way and ways to make it useful are real questions behind.It is needed to make this data useful or it can only stay as meaningless points. This huge bulk information is called ‘Big Data’. This concept is

12、the main driver in changing the way of competition with corporate ecosystems, transforming processes and facilitating innovation (Brown et al., 2011). As a supporting fact, Frizzo-Baker et al. (2016) demonstrate that big

13、 data is being studied more in the business focused scholars. Their study indicates that the number of publications on big data per year is growing each year and reached 107 publications in 2014.The European Commission a

14、nnounced Horizon 2020 as their next framework program for research and innovation, which invests about €120 million on big data-related industrial research and applications. The program defines a research and innovation

15、strategy to guide a successful implementation of big data economy, including excellent science, industrial leadership, and societal challenges. In Horizon 2020, Information and Communication Technology (ICT) 15 and 16 ma

16、inly address industrial research on big data. Specifically, the former focuses on open data Fig 1. Google Trends for Big Data Source: GoogleNot only the science itself but also ‘we’ as human beings are forming the Big Da

17、ta as well. To expand it further, Google can detect the location of potential epidemic diseases earlier than states, and international organizations and warns them afterwards by using Big Data (i.e. Google Flu Trends). T

18、his is done by observing Google searches and resulting with prediction of the disease earlier than them. In addition to this, researchers identified 45 search terms by testing 450 million models that predict the flu spre

19、ad more rapidly than the Centres for Disease Control (Lenard, 2014). Furthermore, insurance companies may realize the illness potential of a person by checking the amount spent for alcohol with credit card purchases.Sign

20、als sent by mobile network operators (MNOs) are other significant data sources. Both health organization and insurance company of a person may become aware of his/her potential cancer disease with mobile signals if a per

21、son usually visits locations near nuclear power plants. Moreover, traffic jam can be predicted with a similar way by receiving mobile signals of people who are on the same direction (Simcoe, 2015).The study of Lenard (20

22、14), the big data analysis as demonstrated by Google Flu, involves patterns and correlations typically involves data use that were not predicted at the time the data were collected. Many scholars emphasize that the age o

23、f big data couldn’t have been imagined before the use of the first data collected. Hence, big data is expanded the primary purpose of the valuable information.What’s more, distinctive approaches are used in London and so

24、me cities in the USA. In those countries, police system warns with the detection of anomalous activities of criminals who were previously committed serious crimes. Ambulance and police can be allocated to that region in

25、advance to prevent a possible crime and minimize the risk if many ex-convicts go towards the same direction. This example can be considered as the use of Big Data for public welfare.In energy industry, smart grid user ca

26、n be a buyer or seller in the electricity market, a participant to help low carbon-emission targets, or a stakeholder in investment decisions (Pitt et al., 2013). According to the studies of Zhou et al. (2016), big data

27、can be a helping hand to achieve smart energy purposes by allowing large amounts of data through the advancement of sensors, network communication, wireless transmission and cloud computing technologies.This can be exten

28、ded to business. Library of US Congress is the world’s largest library with all its resources. On the other hand, Wal-Mart -one of the top 5 companies in the world- produce 167 times more data than Library of Congress in

29、 an hour by saving answers of: “Who bought which product(s) with which bank’s credit card at what time?” with all its details (Bailey and Jensen, 2015).Given the examples above, Big Data can be widely used in variety of